Despite the identification of several ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition genes, a large proportion of familial OC risk remain unexplained. We adopted a two‐stage design to identify new OC predisposition genes. We first carried out a large germline whole‐exome sequencing study on 158 patients from 140 families with significant OC history, but without evidence of genetic predisposition due to BRCA1/2. We then evaluated the potential candidate genes in a large case‐control association study involving...
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) are prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa, together with HIV; the consequent burden of disease is grave. The cofactors driving transmission of the two viruses and pathogenesis of associated malignancies are not well understood. We measured KSHV and EBV DNA in whole blood and saliva as well as serum antibodies levels in 175 Cameroonians with Kaposi's sarcoma and 1002 age‐ and sex‐ matched controls with and without HIV. KSHV seroprevalence...
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most frequent malignancy with high mortality and substantial morbidity and hence there is a need for identification of preventive factors. Preclinical and observational studies have reported antineoplastic effects of nonaspirin non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but studies of nonaspirin NSAID use and risk of HNC are sparse and with inconsistent results. We therefore conducted a register‐based case‐control study nested in the entire Danish population....
A small number of circulating proteins have been reported to be associated with breast cancer risk, with inconsistent results. Herein, we attempted to identify novel protein biomarkers for breast cancer via the integration of genomics and proteomics data. In the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), with 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European descendants, we evaluated the associations of the genetically predicted concentrations of >1,400 circulating proteins with breast cancer risk....
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Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 933: In Vivo Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in High-Risk Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11070933 Authors: Shukun Chen Gerlinde Tauber Tanja Langsenlehner Linda Maria Schmölzer Michaela Pötscher Sabine Riethdorf Andra Kuske Gerd Leitinger Karl Kashofer Zbigniew T. Czyż Bernhard Polzer Klaus Pantel Peter Sedlmayr Thomas Kroneis Amin El-Heliebi High-risk non-metastatic...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 935: Possible Biomarkers for Cancer Immunotherapy Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11070935 Authors: Takehiro Otoshi Tatsuya Nagano Motoko Tachihara Yoshihiro Nishimura Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have drastically changed the clinical care of cancer. Although cancer immunotherapy has shown promise in various types of malignancies, thus far, the proportion of patients who can benefit from ICIs is relatively small. Immune-related adverse events and high...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 934: Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells: Role in Metastasis and Opportunity for Therapeutic Targeting Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11070934 Authors: Xingyue Zong Kenneth P. Nephew Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease usually diagnosed at a late stage. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that exist within the bulk tumor survive first-line chemotherapy and contribute to resistant disease with metastasis. Understanding the key features of CSC biology provides valuable opportunities...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 930: Combined Treatment with MEK and mTOR Inhibitors is Effective in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11070930 Authors: Xianqiong Liu Junjie Hu Xinhua Song Kirsten Utpatel Yi Zhang Pan Wang Xinjun Lu Jie Zhang Meng Xu Tao Su Li Che Jingxiao Wang Matthias Evert Diego Calvisi Xin Chen Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer histotype,...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 932: Human Aquaporin-5 Facilitates Hydrogen Peroxide Permeation Affecting Adaption to Oxidative Stress and Cancer Cell Migration Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11070932 Authors: Claudia Rodrigues Catarina Pimpão Andreia F. Mósca Ana S. Coxixo Duarte Lopes Inês Vieira da Silva Per Amstrup Pedersen Fernando Antunes Graça Soveral Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2, contribute to oxidative stress and may cause cancer initiation and...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 931: Synergy between Auranofin and Celecoxib against Colon Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo through a Novel Redox-Mediated Mechanism Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11070931 Authors: Yi Han Ping Chen Yanyu Zhang Wenhua Lu Wenwen Ding Yao Luo Shijun Wen Ruihua Xu Panpan Liu Peng Huang Recent study suggests that auranofin (AF), a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has selective anticancer...
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Pazopanib (PAZ), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), should not be administered with acid‐suppressive medications (ASMs) due to decreased drug solubility. Common practice for patients requiring ASM with PAZ is to separate administration by 12 hours; however, there is little real‐world evidence describing clinical outcomes using this strategy. The aim of this study was to determine whether concomitant ASM impacted efficacy and adverse event rates in patients...
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Observational studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk. We examined whether vitamin D supplementation in high-risk premenopausal women reduces mammographic density (MD), an established breast cancer risk factor. We conducted a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in premenopausal women at high risk for breast cancer [5-year risk ≥ 1.67%, lifetime risk ≥ 20%, lobular carcinoma in situ, prior stage 0–II breast cancer, hereditary...
This prospective investigation derived a prediction model for identifying risk of incident lung cancer among patients with visible lung nodules identified on computed tomography (CT). Among 2,924 eligible patients referred for evaluation of a pulmonary nodule to the Stony Brook Lung Cancer Evaluation Center between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2015, 171 developed incident lung cancer during the observation period. Cox proportional hazard models were used to model time until disease onset. The...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer share the same etiologic factor, cigarette smoking. Higher consumption of dietary lycopene has been associated with lower risks of COPD and lung cancer in smokers. We investigated whether lycopene feeding protects against COPD and lung cancer in ferrets, a nonrodent model that closely mimics cigarette smoke (CS)-induced chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung tumorigenesis in human. We also explored whether the protective effect of lycopene...
Cancer stem cells (CSC) have attracted a great deal of interest for their clinical relevance in a range of cancers, including colorectal cancer. CSCs were initially considered to be cell populations with homogeneous, well-defined phenotypic and molecular characteristics. However, accumulating evidence suggests that CSCs represent phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous populations. Recent studies demonstrate colorectal CSCs to be dynamic rather than static, and continuously altered by multiple...
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is upregulated in colorectal cancer, and epidemiologic studies suggest RAS inhibitors reduce cancer risk. Because vitamin D (VD) receptor negatively regulates renin, we examined anticancer efficacy of VD and losartan (L), an angiotensin receptor blocker. Control Apc+/LoxP mice and tumor-forming Apc+/LoxP Cdx2P-Cre mice were randomized to unsupplemented Western diet (UN), or diets supplemented with VD, L, or...
We address the dilemma faced by oncologists in administering preventative measures to "at risk" patients diagnosed with atypical and nonatypical hyperplasias due to lack of any molecular means of risk stratification and identifying high-risk subjects. Our study purpose is to investigate a four marker risk signature, MMP-1, CEACAM6, HYAL1, and HEC1, using 440 hyperplastic tissues for identifying high-risk subjects who will benefit from preventative therapies. We assayed the markers by IHC and combined...
Better understanding of esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) can inform prevention strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study based on the Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment Project of Esophageal Cancer database from 2011 to 2017 was performed to fully investigate and characterize the epidemiology of EPL in rural Huai'an District. Data of 11,518 participants ages 35–75 years were collected through face-to-face interviews by questionnaire....
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Abstract Objective The objective of the study is to investigate depressive symptoms before and after the initiation of chemotherapy and their impact on overall survival (OS) among patients with hematological malignancies. Methods We performed a prospective analysis of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma enrolled between September 2010 and March 2016. We evaluated depression symptoms at two time points: before starting chemotherapy (T1) and 1 month...
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Summary Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are standard of care for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. However, almost all patients develop resistance after approximately one year of treatment, with >50% of cases due to the T790M secondary mutation of the EGFR gene. A large global phase III study (AURA3) demonstrated that osimertinib significantly prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) over platinum‐doublet chemotherapy in patients...
Abstract Multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐7 (MWCNT‐7) fibers are biopersistent and have a structure similar to asbestos. MWCNT‐7 has been shown to induce malignant mesothelioma when administered by intrascrotal or intraperitoneal injection in rats and mice, and an inhalation study demonstrated that rats exposed to respirable MWCNT‐7 developed lung tumors. MWCNT‐N, which is similar to MWCNT‐7, was shown to induce both lung tumors and malignant mesothelioma in rats when administered by trans‐tracheal...
Summary Cervical clear cell carcinoma (cCCC) constitutes an extremely rare subtype of cervical cancer. Consequently, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown, with no cell lines established from primary tumors. Here, we report the first establishment of cCCC organoids, from biopsy samples of a 23‐year‐old patient diagnosed with cCCC. By applying a protocol that we recently optimized for gynecological tumors, we were able to propagate a patient‐derived cell line (PDC) for more than six months as...
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