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Κυριακή 7 Οκτωβρίου 2018

Date palm ash-MgAl-layered double hydroxide composite: sustainable adsorbent for effective removal of methyl orange and eriochrome black-T from aqueous phase

Abstract

Date palm ash (DPA) and MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The DPA-MgAl-LDH (DPA/MgAl) composites were employed for the removal of methyl orange (MO) and eriochrome black-T (EBT) from aqueous phase. Incorporation of 33.33% (w/w) DPA into the layers of MgAl increased the surface area from 44.46 to 140.65 m2/g, which leads to the improved adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of DPA/MgAl (1:2) at 298 K was 242.98 and 425.16 (mg/g) for MO and EBT, respectively. The adsorption data of dyes were adequately fitted by a pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm model. The composite showed excellent reusability performance up to three cycles. Addition of DPA into MgAl-LDH resulted in an effective low-cost adsorbent for decontamination of dyes from wastewater.

Graphical abstract



Nutrients and non-essential elements in edible crops following long-term mineral and compost fertilization of a Mediterranean agricultural soil

Abstract

The effects of long-term soil fertilizations on nutrient and non-essential element concentrations in edible parts of three crops important in human diet were investigated repeating four treatments (biowaste compost, biowaste compost plus mineral nitrogen, mineral NPK, unfertilized control) for seven consecutive years (2007–2014). Fruits of Solanum lycopersicum cv San Marzano collected in 2011 and 2012, bulbs of Allium cepa cv Bianca di Pompei collected in 2012 and 2013, and bulbs of Foeniculum vulgare cv Orbit collected in 2014 were analyzed. Wide variations in element concentrations were observed along time and among species, with Ca, K, Mg, and Na higher in fennel bulbs and Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn higher in tomato fruits, where Cd reached concentrations up to ninefold higher than the permitted values (EU Regulation n. 488/2014). Despite the enrichments in soil total Cu and available Cd, Fe, K, Mn, and Zn concentrations due to long-term fertilization with biowaste compost (alone or with mineral fertilizers), plants showed lower micronutrient and non-essential element concentrations in respect to those on unfertilized soils. Considering the potential toxicity for human beings of these mobile and persistent elements, the obtained findings reassure on the safe use of biowaste compost in agriculture. Overall, this study suggests the use of compost as the most advisable fertilization practice and highlights the need of multiple crops analysis in evaluating the effects of long-term soil fertilization on their chemical composition.



Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and gynecomastia in an HIV-infected child: A case report

Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018

Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie

Author(s): B. Saka, A.S. Akakpo, A. Bassowa, A.N. Dapam, G. Mahamadou, J.N. Teclessou, A. Mouhari-Toure, A.Y. Laouali, E. Mensah, K. Kombaté, P. Pitché

Summary
Background

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are antiretroviral drugs often used in the first-line treatment regimen of HIV1 infection worldwide. We report a case of successive gynecomastia and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) respectively induced by efavirenz and nevirapine in a single patient.

Case report

A 16-year-old boy, HIV1-infected since birth, was started on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in August 2015 and was taking a regimen comprising abacavir, lamivudine and efavirenz. In April 2016, when his weight reached 35 kg, abacavir was replaced with tenofovir. Bilateral breast enlargement, previously hidden by the patient, was diagnosed two years after the start of ART. History-taking, physical examination and laboratory tests ruled out known causes of gynecomastia, and efavirenz was thus considered the most likely cause. This drug was then withdrawn and replaced with nevirapine in July 2017. Thirty-three days after the patient started nevirapine treatment, a skin rash appeared. Physical examination revealed erythematous macules and flaccid bullae with estimated skin detachment of 10%. There were also conjunctival, buccal and genital lesions. A diagnosis was made of SJS induced by nevirapine. Three months after withdrawal of efavirenz, breast size decreased by 3 cm on the left breast and 2 cm on the right breast; two months after the SJS, cutaneous sequelae alone persisted, such as diffuse hyperchromic macules.

Discussion

Recognition of gynecomastia as a side-effect of efavirenz is important to allow the condition to be treated while it is still potentially reversible. Moreover, when efavirenz is replaced, a protease inhibitor should be preferred to nevirapine.

Résumé
Introduction

Les inhibiteurs non nucléosidiques de la transcriptase inverse (INNTI) sont des antirétroviraux souvent utilisés en première ligne du traitement de l'infection par le VIH1. Nous rapportons un cas de gynécomastie bilatérale sévère et de syndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) respectivement induits par l'efavirenz et la névirapine chez un même patient.

Observation

Un garçon de 16 ans, infecté par le VIH1 depuis la naissance, était mis en août 2015 sous abacavir, lamivudine et efavirenz. En avril 2016, son poids atteignant 35 kg, l'abacavir était remplacé par le tenofovir. Une augmentation bilatérale de volume mammaire, dissimulée par le patient, était diagnostiquée deux ans après le début du traitement. L'histoire de la maladie, l'examen physique et les examens de laboratoire écartant les principales causes connues de gynécomastie, la responsabilité de l'efavirenz était alors considérée comme la plus vraisemblable. Ce médicament était donc retiré et remplacé par la névirapine en juillet 2017. Trente-trois jours après le début du traitement par la névirapine, une éruption cutanée apparaissait. À l'examen physique, on notait des macules érythémateuses et des bulles flasques avec un décollement cutané estimé à 10 % de la surface corporelle. Il existait également des lésions conjonctivales, buccales et génitales. Le diagnostic de SSJ induit par la névirapine était retenu. Trois mois après le retrait de l'efavirenz, la taille des seins diminuait de 3 cm à gauche et 2 cm à droite ; deux mois après le SSJ, il persistait uniquement des séquelles cutanées à type de macules hyperchromiques diffuses.

Discussion

La recherche d'une gynécomastie comme effet indésirable de l'efavirenz est importante afin d'intervenir au moment où elle peut encore être réversible. Par ailleurs, en cas de substitution de l'efavirenz, un inhibiteur de protéase devrait être préféré à la névirapine.



Morfología ecográfica en placa pseudonodular hipervascular en hiperplasia angiolinfoide

Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018

Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

Author(s): X. Wortsman, M. Yagnam, L. Carreño

Resumen

La hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofilia (HALE) es una proliferación vascular benigna caracterizada por lesiones angiomatosas solitarias o múltiples, que se presentan más frecuentemente en mujeres jóvenes o de mediana edad, en cabeza y cuello, con predilección por la región periauricular. Esta enfermedad plantea un diagnóstico diferencial extenso, tanto con lesiones benignas como malignas, por lo que la posibilidad de tener una herramienta diagnóstica no invasiva como la ecografía puede ser de utilidad. Presentamos una serie de casos de HALE con morfología ecográfica «en placa pseudonodular hipervascular» de localización periauricular, con correlación clínica e histológica. Se demostró comunicación vascular ecográfica entre lesiones que parecían clínicamente separadas. El conocimiento de esta forma de presentación ecográfica podría contribuir a mejorar la precisión del diagnóstico y seguimiento evolutivo de estos casos.

Abstract

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a benign vascular proliferation characterized by solitary or multiple angiomatous lesions. It is most common in young or middle-aged women, and the lesions typically affect the head and neck, showing a particular predilection for the periauricular region. The differential diagnosis in patients with ALHE is broad and includes both benign and malignant conditions. We report on a series of cases of periauricular ALHE in which ultrasound imaging revealed an hypervascular, pseudonodular and plaque-like morphology with clinical and histologic correlations. It also evidenced vascular communication between lesions that appeared to be separate on clinical examination. Familiarity with such ultrasound presentations could help to improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate disease monitoring in patients with ALHE.

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract for this article



Clearance of facial tattoo with triple‐wavelength picosecond laser and fractionated carbon dioxide laser

Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


Aged human skin accumulates mast cells with altered functionality which localise to macrophage and VIP+ nerve fibres

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


Effects of psychosocial interventions on patient‐reported outcomes in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.