Τρίτη 26 Δεκεμβρίου 2017
Hypopharyngeal Evaluation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Awake Flexible Laryngoscopy: Validation and Updates to Cormack-Lehane and Modified Cormack-Lehane Scoring Systems
Abstract
Objective
To validate the use of Cormack-Lehane and Modified Cormack-Lehane scoring systems to classify patterns of hypopharyngeal airway visualization seen during awake flexible laryngoscopy among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Study Design
Validation study using samples collected from a prospective database.
Setting
University Medical Center.
Participants
Data was obtained from a retrospective review of a prospective database of flexible fiberoptic examination recordings in 274 consecutive OSA subjects (Stanford Sleep Medicine/Surgery Clinic).
Main Outcome Measures
Single still images from awake fiberoptic laryngoscopy examinations of the vocal cords from 90 different patients were presented to 2 experts and 4 novice raters. Raters used two grading systems (Cormack-Lehane scale and Modified Cormack-Lehane) to rate vocal cord visualization. Percent agreement and Cohen's kappa statistical analysis were used to evaluate inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability for each grading system. Feedback from the participants was then used to propose updates to further improve upon the existing grading scales for their applicability to awake flexible endoscopy.
Results
The Cormack-Lehane and Modified Cormack-Lehane scale both communicate un-obstructed and restricted views of the vocal cords reliably. Compared to the 4-grade scale, however, a modified 5-grade Vocal Cord Grading System allows for better objective communication of common variations in hypopharyngeal airway visualization.
Conclusion
We propose a 5-Grade Vocal Cord Grading System that builds upon existing grading systems to allow for efficient and reliable communication of hypopharyngeal airway examination during awake fiberoptic laryngoscopy.
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The impact of olive mill wastewater spreading on soils using integrated approach of proximal soil survey, spatial, and multivariate analyses
Abstract
Olive oil production generates a large amount of olive mill wastewater (OMW), the most difficult to treat of agro-industrial effluents. Spreading of OMW across the soilscape has become the most frequently used practice in several Mediterranean basin countries but is hotly debated because of its potential to impair soil environs. The research hypothesis states that soil deterioration is correlated strongly with the spatiotemporal rate of OMW application; thus, the spatial pattern of the soil attributes should be established in conjunction with the rate of OMW spreading. The spatial pattern was ascertained using proximal soil sensing that measures the apparent electrical conductance (ECa). Eight representative locations were identified using grouping analysis of the ECa data. The soils were analyzed for selected physical and chemical attributes known to be affected by OMW spreading as well as ancillary parameters needed for the calibration of the ECa. Discriminant analysis successfully categorized 76% of the ECa groups, selecting CEC, sand, pH, and ESP as the most powerful discriminatory variables in the grouping analysis. The correlation coefficients between the measured ECa, and the calculated ECa, and soil moisture were very high (r > 0.77, P < 0.05), suggesting that the proximal soil survey results are well calibrated. The spreading of untreated OMW over more than 7 years did not impair the soils under study. No significant changes in soil chemo-physical properties such as pH (< 7.66), electrical conductivity in saturated paste (< 3.58 dS m−1), sodium adsorption ratio (< 2.3), potassium adsorption ratio (< 0.33), exchangeable sodium percentage (< 3.85%), and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (< 0.3 cm h−1) were found in comparison with untreated soils. The results support the premise that moderate quantities of OMW (50–70 m3 ha−1 year−1) equally spread over the soilscape will have little impact on soil health.
Itching for answers: Prevalence and severity of pruritus in psoriasis
Abstract
Background/Objectives
Pruritus is the most frequently reported complaint or symptom for psoriasis patients. Despite the morbidity associated with pruritus in psoriasis few studies have evaluated the prevalence of itch in psoriasis with the current use of biological agents.
Method
This was a multi-site cross-sectional observational study conducted in New South Wales, Australia. Psoriasis patients were approached during their outpatient clinic, phototherapy or private consultations. Data on psoriasis characteristics, severity and treatment were collected. The patients were then asked to complete a survey regarding the frequency, severity and aggravators of their psoriasis.
Results
Data were collected from 179 patients with a mean age of 52.3 years, of whom 55% were male. Altogether 63 (35%) had a psoriasis area severity index (PASI) > 10, 42 (24%) were on biological agents and 84 (47%) were receiving phototherapy. The number of patients who reported itch all the time was 40 (22%), most of the time 48 (27%), and never 19 (11%). Patients with nail psoriasis were significantly less likely to have itch all or most of the time (P = 0.01). Itch all or most of the time was significantly more likely in patients with PASI > 10 (P = 0.013). No treatment was associated with reduced itch. Itch was reported to be most frequent in the winter season.
Conclusion
Few patients with psoriasis do not suffer from pruritus. Despite their promise, biological agents are not associated with reduced itch.
Mycosis fungoides occurring at the site of previous herpes zoster eruption
Abstract
Numerous clinicopathological variants of mycosis fungoides have been described in the literature. Dermatomal or zosteriform mycosis fungoides is one reported variant but a clear aetiology has never been documented. We report a case of mycosis fungoides proved by biopsy and immunohistochemistry that developed in a 55-year-old man at the site of previous herpes zoster eruption. We also present a review of the relevant literature to add to the understanding of rare variants of mycosis fungoides and aid in the clinical recognition of zosteriform mycosis fungoides.
Canaliform median raphe cyst
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):108-108
Antihypertensives in dermatology Part I - Uses of antihypertensives in dermatology
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):6-15
Hypertension is a global health problem. Antihypertensives are the mainstay of treatment for hypertension. Some of them were accidentally found to be useful in alopecias and infantile hemangiomas and have now become standard treatment for these conditions as well. Antihypertensives are also being studied for other dermatological indications, where they have shown promising efficacy. This review focuses on the dermatological indications for antihypertensives, discussing the drugs that have been tried, as well as their efficacy, dosage, duration of therapy, and adverse effects.
Involvement of scars in capecitabine induced hand foot syndrome
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):85-87
Turmeric: A condiment, cosmetic and cure
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):16-21
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an integral part of Asian culture and cuisine. It has been used in traditional medicine since centuries. A myriad of health benefits have been attributed to it. Curcumin, the most biologically active curcuminoid in turmeric, is being investigated in pre-clinical and clinical trials for its role in disease prevention and cure. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, anti-proliferative and antimicrobial effects. We review the chemistry of this plant, its cultural relevance in Indian skin care, and its uses in dermatology.
Erratum: A noncancerous variant of xeroderma pigmentosum type D associated with novel heterozygous missense ERCC2 gene mutation
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):122-122
Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):22-26
Background and Objectives: Increased risk of venous thromboembolism is observed in several autoimmune inflammatory disorders. However, data on bullous pemphigoid, one of the most common autoimmune blistering disorders, is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize all available evidence. Methods: Two investigators independently searched published studies indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to July 2016 using the terms for bullous pemphigoid and venous thromboembolism. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) cohort or case-control study evaluated the association between bullous pemphigoid and risk of venous thromboembolism, (2) effect estimates were provided as odds ratios, relative risk, hazard ratio, standardized incidence ratio with 95% confidence intervals, and (3) subjects without bullous pemphigoid were used as comparators for cohort studies, while subjects without venous thromboembolism were used as comparators for case-control studies. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were extracted from each study and were pooled together using the random-effect model, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic were used to evaluate the statistical heterogeneity. Results: Two retrospective cohort studies, one prospective cohort study, and one case-control study met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio was 2.69 (95% confidence interval, 1.79–4.05). Statistical heterogeneity was high with I2 of 77%. Limitation: Limited accuracy of diagnosis of primary studies and high between-study heterogeneity. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with bullous pemphigoid have a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism.
Dermoscopy and scanning electron microscopy in two cases with hair shaft damage secondary to hair straightening
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):95-97
A study of the histopathology of palmo-plantar psoriasis and hyperkeratotic palmo-plantar dermatitis
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):27-33
Background and Objectives: Palmo-plantar psoriasis and dermatitis show several overlapping clinical features. We undertook this retrospective study to elucidate and compare the histological findings in these two dermatoses. Materials and Methods: Biopsies of 31 clinically diagnosed cases of palmo-plantar psoriasis and 24 cases of hyperkeratotic palmo-plantar dermatitis, with concomitant presence of representative lesions at other body sites, were retrieved and analysed. Results: Histologically, confluent parakeratosis, suprapapillary thinning and dermal edema were observed in significantly greater number of palmo-plantar psoriasis biopsies while an inflammatory infiltrate confined to the papillary dermis only, was a significant feature in palmo-plantar dermatitis. The two conditions could not be differentiated on the basis of features like focal parakeratosis, presence of neutrophils and fibrin globules in the stratum corneum, hypogranulosis, acanthosis, spongiosis, rete ridge pattern, or vascularity. Conclusion: Histopathology of palmo-plantar psoriasis and dermatitis can have several overlapping features. In our study, we found only few features as strong pointers towards psoriasis.
Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica: A very rare twin spotting phenomenon
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):120-120
Prevalence of ocular findings in a sample of Egyptian patients with psoriasis
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):34-38
Background: Psoriasis is a common disorder worldwide. The prevalence of psoriasis in Egypt, an African country with a Caucasian population, ranges 0.19–3%. Despite this relatively high prevalence of psoriasis, there are no epidemiologic data regarding the burden of associated eye affection. Determining the magnitude of the problem could help in offering better integrated health services. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate eye involvement in a sample of Egyptian psoriatic patients. Patients and Methods: This case-control study included 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Psoriasis extent and severity was graded by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Complete ophthalmological examination and tests for dry eye were performed to all subjects. Results: The mean age of the psoriasis group was 50.7 ± 14.3 years. Thirty eight percent of the cases were females. The mean duration of psoriasis was 10.1 ± 7.5 years. Psoriasis patients had more conjunctival injection (n = 40, P = 0.035), more pinguecula (n = 38, P = 0.048) than controls. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I, and Rose Bengal staining showed statistically significant positive results in the psoriasis group. Conclusion: This is the first report on the prevalence of eye comorbidities in Egyptian psoriatic patients. Dry eyes were more common with psoriasis, particularly the erythrodermic type. Other ocular findings were not statistically significantly different except for conjunctival injection and pinguecula.
Acral porokeratosis associated with anonychia
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):81-82
Polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes and susceptibility to psoriasis disease: A study from North India
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):39-44
Background: Increased oxidative stress and resulting inflammation has been emphasized as a factor in the pathogenesis of many diseases including psoriasis. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) protect against oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity. Polymorphisms in the GST genes may lead to an imbalance in pro- and antioxidant systems resulting in the increased production of reactive oxygen species that could influence the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between GSTs (GSTM1 and GSTT1) gene polymorphism in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis as a factor in the susceptibility and development of psoriasis. Materials and Methods: We assessed 128 patients with psoriasis and 250 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood by the phenol chloroform method. The null GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: The null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 was seen in 45.3% and 40.6% in psoriasis patients whereas in the controls it was 34.4% and 20.0%, respectively. A significant association was seen between the null alleles of the GSTT1 (OR = 2.74) and GSTM1 (OR = 1.58) alone or in combination with tobacco use (P < 0.001) and psoriasis risk. The presence of both null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 further increased the risk of psoriasis (OR = 3.52) when compared with the positive genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1. Limitations: A major limitation of this study was the small sample size. A large epidemiological study is necessary to confirm these findings. Conclusions: The null genotype of GSTT1 is a strong predisposing factor for psoriasis in North India.
Leukemia cutis mimicking erythema nodosum or vice versa: A histological conundrum
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):91-93
Mycobacterium chelonae infection complicating traumatic and surgical wounds: A case series
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):45-48
Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium. The skin and soft tissue infections due to this organism are steadily on the rise and need to be delineated specifically as most of these are not responsive to routine antituberculosis treatment. Here, we report 3 different presentations caused by Mycobacterium chelonae in traumatic and surgical wounds. Mycobacterium chelonae can complicate surgical or traumatic wounds.This infection may also present as injection site abscesses. Diabetics on insulin injections are especially at risk. A high index of suspicion is necessary in long standing culture negative lesions for clinching the diagnosis. PCR can be helpful in confirming the diagnosis.
Successful treatment outcome with itraconazole and potassium iodide in disseminated sporotrichosis
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):101-104
A retrospective study of the utility of targeted phototherapy in vitiligo
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):49-53
Background: Targeted phototherapy is a recent advance in the treatment of vitiligo, involving selective treatment of vitiligo patches with no effect on surrounding areas. Although it has been in use for a few years, little data is available regarding its safety and efficacy. Aims: A retrospective study to determine efficacy and safety of targeted phototherapy in vitiligo. Methods: One hundred and thirty four patients (male: 53, female: 81) who received targeted phototherapy and completed 11 or more sittings were included. Treatment was given once a week using the Lumera phototherapy system, a broadband ultraviolet B source, starting at 150 mJ/spot and after excluding a sunburn reaction, with increments of 50 mJ every week up to a maximum of 1000 mJ/patch. Chi-square test for linear trends was used for statistical analysis. Results: The most common sites involved were the legs and a majority (70.9%) had non-segmental vitiligo. Response was mild in 78 (58.2%) patients, moderate in 50 (37.3%) and excellent in 6 (4.5%) patients. Response was directly proportional to the number of sittings with more patients showing moderate and excellent responses with an increase in the number of sittings. The most common site for an excellent response was the trunk while the lower limbs were involved in most cases with a moderate or mild response. Side effects were seen in 27 (20.2%) patients, the commonest being erythema. Limitations: This is a retrospective uncontrolled study. Further, the effects of adjuvant treatment were not assessed. Conclusions: Targeted phototherapy is a useful treatment for vitiligo with mild adverse effects, though response is mild or moderate and appears to be directly proportional to the number of treatments received.
A brief biographic sketch of Dr. Bhau Daji Lad (1822–1874): A forgotten figure of Indian dermatology
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):114-116
A red, swollen and painful lesion on the right hand after local steroid injections
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):54-56
Tufted angioma with recurrent Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):121-121
Cirsoid aneurysm of scalp
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2018 84(1):57-58
Is thoracic outlet syndrome common after nuss procedure?
We try to discuss the results of Nagasao and Colleagues, claiming thoracic outlet syndrome is not a rare complication after Nuss procedure. According to our experience, this syndrome is not common.
Re: antibiotic prophylaxis in breast reduction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We read with interest the article by Drs. Zapata-Copete, Aguilera-Mosquera and Garcia-Perdomo recommending the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in lowering surgical site infection in breast reduction surgery1. The study, however, is open to criticism in its design and originality of outcomes.
Skin wound healing in humans and mice: challenges in translational research
Skin, the first protective barrier of all animals, has evolved and specialized differently among fish, reptiles, birds and mammals[1]. Epidermis, the outermost layer, consists of a stratified squamous epithelium of keratinocytes delimited by the basal membrane, and contains melanocytes and Langerhans and Merkel cells. Dermis, the internal layer that provides structural integrity, elasticity, and nutrition, is a connective tissue composed by fibroblasts and extracellular matrix enriched in collagen and elastic fibers[2–4], and also contains blood and lymphatic vessels, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nerve endings, and hair follicles invaginated from epidermis [5–7].
The properties and dynamic changes of DOM subfractions during food waste and sugarcane leaves co-composting
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the properties and dynamic changes of humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), hydrophobic neutrals (HoN), and hydrophilic (Hi) fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during food waste and sugarcane leaves co-composting process. The pools of HA, FA, HoN, and Hi were separated from DOM by fractionation method, and characterized using spectroscopic (UV–vis, FTIR) and pyrolysis–GC/MS analyses. The least peaks in the HA pool were found in FTIR spectra with the simple structure in HA. The highest value of SUV254 was observed in HA, indicating that the HA pool played a dominant role in aromaticity of DOM. Hydrophobic compounds (HA, FA, HoN) had higher percentages of alkanes and cyclo-alkanes at the end of composting, while lower contents in the Hi pool. Both DOM and its subfractions increased the Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) seed germination rate (SGR), whereas HA had a significant effect on promoting the root growth.
A study of the influence of regional environmental expenditure on air quality in China: the effectiveness of environmental policy
Abstract
Based on the panel data model, data on environmental expenditures, the air quality index, economic aggregates, industrial structures, etc., of seven seriously polluted cities in China, from the period 2007–2015, were collected, and this paper estimates the general relationship between environmental expenditures and the air quality index. Besides, the impact of the fuel tax policy on air quality as well as on the relationship between environmental expenditure and the air quality index is tested using the method of regression discontinuity. We find that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between environmental expenditure and air quality index as well as a 0.0507% positive effect of the former on the latter. Second, for Beijing, Taiyuan, Chongqing, and Lanzhou, a 1% increase in environmental expenditure leads to 0.0773, 0.0125, 0.0965, and 0.0912% decreases in the air quality index, respectively; however, for Shijiazhuang, Ji'nan, and Urumqi, effect of environmental expenditure on air quality is insignificant. Third, both economic growth and optimization of the industrial structure can lead to an improvement of air quality. Fourth, since the implementation of the fuel tax policy in 2009, the air quality of the sample cities has improved, and the pulling effect of environmental expenditure on the air quality index has decreased from 0.0507 to 0.0048%. Our findings cannot only clarify the effect of environmental expenditures on air quality but can also objectively judge the effectiveness of environmental policies of China to a certain extent. It may benefit Chinese government to effectively govern air pollution with fiscal tools in conjunction with economic and environmental characteristics.
Distribution of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water treatment plant and reductive degradation by UV/SO 3 2− process
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), which are widely used in industrial and residential areas, have a large negative impact on the environment. This study investigated the removal efficiency of five PFCs in a drinking water treatment plant. The results indicate that the total PFC concentration in raw water is 261.51 ng L−1 and that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the predominant pollutants. Among all of the treatment processes, coagulation sedimentation process had the highest removal ratio of PFCs (36.12%), and removal ratio was the least in the sand filtration process. The ozonation/activated carbon and disinfection processes increased the concentration of PFCs. Therefore, developing an effective treatment to degrade PFCs is feasible. In this study, we proposed a method using UV irradiation of SO32− at 365 nm to degrade PFCs. The SO32− concentration, pH, and initial concentration had profound impacts on the degradation of PFCs. When the PFC initial concentration was 20 mg L−1, the SO32− concentration was 2.4 g L−1, and in the presence of buffer, the degradation of PFCs was the most efficient, with the degradation ratio close to 100% after 60 min of reaction. During the degradation of PFCs, short-chain PFCs and hydrofluorinated carboxylic acid were generated. From the above, we proposed a detailed mechanism of degradation and its possible pathways.
Diagnosis and management of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum: A systematic review
Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is an uncommon subtype of pyoderma gangrenosum. PPG is a challenging condition to diagnose and treat; no evidence-based guidelines exist.
Comorbidity scores associated with limited life expectancy in the very elderly with nonmelanoma skin cancer
There is controversy regarding nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatment in the very elderly, with some suggesting that this population may not live long enough to benefit from invasive treatments. Tools to assess limited life expectancy (LLE) exist, but performance in the very elderly NMSC population has not been well-defined.
A Split-Face, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Comparison of Alexandrite 755 nm Picosecond Laser vs. Alexandrite 755 nm Nanosecond Laser in the Treatment of Acquired Bilateral Nevus of Ota-like Macules (ABNOM)
Q-switched alexandrite lasers (QSAL) have been used for the treatment of acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM). Currently, picosecond alexandrite laser (PSAL) pulses have become available for pigmentary disorders. However, no studies have compared PSAL and QSAL in the treatment of ABNOM.
Possessing epistemic reasons: the role of rational capacities
Abstract
In this paper, I defend a reasons-first view of epistemic justification, according to which the justification of our beliefs arises entirely in virtue of the epistemic reasons we possess. I remove three obstacles for this view, which result from its presupposition that epistemic reasons have to be possessed by the subject: (1) the problem that reasons-first accounts of justification are necessarily circular; (2) the problem that they cannot give special epistemic significance to perceptual experience; (3) the problem that they have to say that implicit biases provide epistemic. The first problem will be overcome by introducing presentational attitudes that are not in need of justification as basic ways of possessing epistemic reasons. The latter two problems will be solved by introducing epistemic rational capacities of two different kinds, which are exercised in mental states that are ways of possessing epistemic reasons, and by distinguishing these from mental states that are not exercises of epistemic rational capacities .
The promises of microalgae—still a long way to go
Abstract
Over the past decades, interest in microalgae has grown exponentially. Especially industrial applications, such as biodiesel production from microalgae were hyped in the early 2000s. But since the first attempts to commercialise microalgae-derived products for energy applications, only a few developments made it to the market. What is hindering the full exploitation of this valuable resource for food, feed, and energy applications? This opinion paper reflects on the state of the art of industrial microalgae culturing and the knowledge gaps which still need to be filled jointly by academia and industry.Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) hyperproduction by a global nitrogen regulator NtrB mutant strain of Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222
Abstract
Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 accumulates short-length polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), under nitrogen-deficient conditions. Polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism requires the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase PhaA, the acetoacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase/reductase PhaB and the synthase PhaC for polymerization. Additionally, P. denitrificans PD1222 grows aerobically with nitrate as sole nitrogen source. Nitrate assimilation is controlled negatively by ammonium through the two-component NtrBC system. NtrB is a sensor kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue under low-nitrogen concentrations and, in turn, transfers a phosphoryl group to an aspartate residue of the response regulator NtrC protein, which acts as a transcriptional activator of the P. denitrificans PD1222 nasABGHC genes. The P. denitrificans PD1222 NtrB mutant was unable to use nitrate efficiently as nitrogen source when compared to the wild-type strain, and it also overproduced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Acetyl-CoA concentration in the P. denitrificans PD1222 NtrB mutant strain was higher than in the wild-type strain. The expression of the phaC gene was also increased in the NtrB mutant when compared to the wild-type strain. These results suggest that accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in the NtrB mutant strain of PD1222 responds to the high levels of acetyl-CoA that accumulate in the cytoplasm as consequence of its inability to efficiently use nitrate as nitrogen source.Biotransformation of trinitrotoluene by Citrobacter sp. YC4 and evaluation of its cyto-toxicological effects
Abstract
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an explosive chemical generally used for military, civil and industrial purposes. Therefore, TNT residue can be found in soil and ground water as an environmental pollutant. The environmental control of TNT pollution has become a critical issue because of its potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cyto-toxicological effects of TNT after bioremediation. Citrobacter sp. YC4 is able to utilize TNT as a sole nitrogen source. Citrobacter sp. YC4 cells grown in medium with TNT as the sole nitrogen source (TNT-N) were able to rapidly degrade TNT, in contrast to cells grown in Luria Bertani medium as determined by resting cell suspension. The concentration of TNT decreased from 100 to 0 ppm within 10 h in the solution containing TNT mixed with TNT-N-grown YC4. The cytotoxicity of TNT and its degradation products generated by TNT-N-grown YC4 were assessed by WST-1-based cell cytotoxicity assays. Our results showed that the cytotoxic potential of solutions containing TNT decreased almost to the level of the control after a 1-h incubation with TNT-N-grown YC4 cells. The rapid conversion of TNT into possibly less toxic products by Citrobacter sp. YC4 proposes a bioremediation prospection.Relationship between Escherichia coli growth rate and bacterial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin
Abstract
The effect of Escherichia coli growth rate on its susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was investigated using bacteria grown on different carbon sources and harboring mutations in genes encoding tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. A 1-h treatment of the wild type (wt) grown on glucose, succinate, malate, α-ketoglutarate or acetate with 0.3 μg ml–1 ciprofloxacin decreased the number of surviving cells (CFU ml–1), 560, 110, 74, 62 and 5 times, respectively. Among the mutants tested, sucB strain, which grew 1.75 times slower than wt, was 7.4-fold more tolerant to 0.3 μg ml–1 of ciprofloxacin than wt. Strong inverse correlations between log(CFU ml–1) after 1-h exposure to 0.3 and 3.0 μg ml–1 ciprofloxacin and the specific growth rate prior to antibiotic treatment (r = − 0.93 and −0.96, respectively) were observed. Data from the current and previous studies on the inhibitory effect of ciprofloxacin on cultures exhibiting a wide range of growth rates (0.01–1.3 h–1) were collated. Statistical analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between log(CFU ml–1) after exposure to 3.0 μg ml–1 of ciprofloxacin and the specific bacterial growth rate prior to antibiotic exposure (r = −0.92). These data may be used in a design of antibiotic treatment protocols.Genomic insights into the non-histamine production and proteolytic and lipolytic activities of Tetragenococcus halophilus KUD23
Abstract
Tetragenococcus halophilus KUD23, a non-histamine producer, was isolated from a traditional Korean high-salt fermented soybean paste, doenjang. The strain was safe in terms of antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity and biofilm formation. It could grow on De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar containing 21% (w/v) NaCl, exhibited acid production at 15% NaCl, and had strain-specific proteolytic and lipolytic activities under salt stress. Complete genome analysis of T. halophilus KUD23 and comparative genomic analysis shed light on the genetic background behind these phenotypic characteristics, including non-production of histamine and proteolytic and lipolytic activities.Laboratory-scale photobiotechnology—current trends and future perspectives
Abstract
Phototrophic bioprocesses are a promising puzzle piece in future bioeconomy concepts but yet mostly fail for economic reasons. Besides other aspects, this is mainly attributed to the omnipresent issue of optimal light supply impeding scale-up and -down of phototrophic processes according to classic established concepts. This MiniReview examines two current trends in photobiotechnology, namely microscale cultivation and modeling and simulation. Microphotobioreactors are a valuable and promising trend with microfluidic chips and microtiter plates as predominant design concepts. Providing idealized conditions, chip systems are preferably to be used for acquiring physiological data of microalgae while microtiter plate systems are more appropriate for process parameter and medium screenings. However, these systems are far from series technology and significant improvements especially regarding flexible light supply remain crucial. Whereas microscale is less addressed by modeling and simulation so far, benchtop photobioreactor design and operation have successfully been studied using such tools. This particularly includes quantitative model-assisted understanding of mixing, mass transfer, light dispersion and particle tracing as well as their relevance for microalgal performance. The ultimate goal will be to combine physiological data from microphotobioreactors with hybrid models to integrate metabolism and reactor simulation in order to facilitate knowledge-based scale transfer of phototrophic bioprocesses.A novel lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of anti-Dsg3 IgG serum autoantibodies in pemphigus vulgaris
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. As autoantibodies play an essential role in the disease pathogenesis, the serological detection of anti-desmoglein 3 IgG represents a central tool in the diagnosis of the disease. In this study, we show the validation of a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) which rapidly detects anti-desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) IgG in human serum. In contrast to other diagnostic procedures, the assay is compact and simple to perform and delivers a fast "yes" or "no" answer within 10 min without additional hardware requirements for test evaluation. For validation a blinded collection of 200 sera including 100 sera from 14 PV patients, 75 sera from 24 bullous pemphigoid patients, and 25 sera from 6 patients with pemphigus foliaceus collected at different time points during disease was used. Presence or non-presence of anti-Dsg3 IgG within sera was confirmed using a commercially available Dsg3-ELISA. For qualitative evaluation Dsg3-LFIA test results were assessed by two independent groups of human observers. Furthermore quantitative evaluation using POCScan reader was applied. The Dsg3-LFIA demonstrated reliable test results with a sensitivity and specificity of 78.1% and 97.1%, respectively. Test results from POCScan and human observers showed a substantial agreement. The Dsg3-LFIA represents a new diagnostic tool for the immediate and reliable detection of anti-desmoglein 3 serum IgG autoantibodies that does not require additional hardware. Further prospective trials are warranted to validate the Dsg3 LFIA in pemphigus.
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Effect of Cd stress on the bioavailability of Cd and other mineral nutrition elements in broad bean grown in a loess subsoil amended with municipal sludge compost
Abstract
Municipal sludge compost (MSC) is commonly used as fertilizer or an amendment in barren soils. However, MSC-borne Cd is of great concern in food safety because of its toxicity. Loess subsoil (LS) is barren and lacks nutrients, but it has a strong ability to absorb and stabilize heavy metals. Hence, LS may be amended with MSC and may reduce the bioavailability of Cd. To simulate the dose effect of the accumulated MSC-borne Cd in amended LS, pot experiments were conducted to study the bioavailability of Cd and other mineral nutrition elements in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) under Cd stress. Plant height and dry biomass remarkably increased as the physicochemical properties of LS were significantly improved; however, they were not significantly influenced by the added Cd. The Cd in the plants grown in MSC amended-LS (P2) mainly accumulated in roots (32.12 mg kg−1) and then in stems and leaves (6.00 mg kg−1). Less Cd (0.74 mg kg−1) accumulated in the edible parts, where the Cd concentration was 53% lower than that in the edible parts of plants grown in LS (P1). The decreased Cd concentrations in the P2 beans may be due to the biomass dilution effect. Notably, the Cd concentrations in the beans exceeded the national safety limit value (0.2 mg kg−1) when the Cd treatment levels exceeded 2 mg kg−1 in LS and 6 mg kg−1 in amended LS. The MgCl2 extraction procedures can be used to assess Cd bioavailability in amended soil-plant systems. The potential antagonism of Zn and Cu against Cd toxicity in the soil-plant system may explain why this plant can tolerate higher Cd concentrations after MSC application.
Exploitation of olive oil mill wastewaters and molasses for ethanol production using immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract
An alcoholic fermentation process is described, involving molasses, the main by-product of the sugar industry, blended with crude olive oil mill wastewaters (OOMWs) and immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells on delignified cellulosic material (DCM). For comparison, fermentations with free cells were also carried out. Initially, the optimum blending mixture for molasses dilution was sought after, while at a second step repeated batch fermentations at a temperature range 5–30 °C were performed to monitor the operational stability of the system. A 1/1 ratio of OOMWs/tap water blending mixture and cell immobilization resulted in higher fermentation parameters. Ethanol concentration and daily productivity values recorded at temperatures ≥ 20 °C (up to 67.8 g L−1 and 67.6 g L−1 d−1, respectively) could be adopted by the industrial sector, although the decline in fermentation efficiency observed, probably due to the toxicity effects of OOMWs. Finally, the potential of OOMWs treatment for ethanol production is highlighted and assessed.
Toxic and essential elements in seafood from Mausund, Norway
Abstract
In annual surveys conducted during the period 2012–2015, concentrations of the toxic or essential elements B, Se, Cd, Sn, Cs, Hg, Pb, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As were analyzed in brown meat of edible crab (Cancer pagurus), and filets of cod (Gadus morhua) and halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in one of the most important commercial crab fishing areas in Norway, at Mausund in Frøya municipality in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Concentrations of the elements were analyzed in sediments in 2015. Several salmon farms are located in this area. Samples were extracted by HNO3 and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Crab, cod, and halibut were caught in a total of five locations. One of these locations was in the proximity of a salmon farm. In edible crabs, the mean ranks were significantly different between two locations only for Sn (p = 0.034). When all data were pooled, the mean ranks statistics showed significant difference between all years for the elements Se (p = < 0.001), Cs (p = 0.005), Mn (p = 0.002), Zn (p = 0.006), and As (p = 0.001) in edible crab. The study showed elevated levels of Cd in edible crabs in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015, with the highest levels in 2015. In cod, there were significant differences between locations for the elements B (p = 0.003), and Pb (p = 0.04), as well as between the years for the elements B, Sn, Cs, Hg, Cr, and As (p = < 0.01). The study showed elevated level of Pb in cod in 2013. Halibut showed no significant differences between years or locations for any elements. The Cd, Hg, and Pb values of the sediments in this study indicate that local geogenic sources cannot be considered a major cause of high values in local biota.
An insertion mutation in HOXC13 underlies pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia with lacrimal duct obstruction
Abstract
Pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia (PHNED; MIM 602032, 614929, and 614931) is an autosomal recessive ED that is characterized by hypotrichosis and nail dystrophy only, without further ectodermal or non-ectodermal alterations. To date, homozygous mutations in three genes have been reported to cause PHNED: KRT85 (MIM 602767), encoding keratin, type II cuticular Hb5 like; KRT74 (MIM 608248), encoding keratin, type II cytoskeletal 74; and HOXC13 (MIM 142976), encoding Homeobox C13. Here, we studied the genetic basis of PHNED in an Iranian kindred, displaying double consanguinity (Fig. 1a-g).
Response to: ‘Human orf complicated by epidermolysis acquisita’
Abstract
Dear editor, we read with great interest the article 'Human orf complicated by epidermolysis bullosa acquisita' by Zeulgaray and colleagues.1 Recently, a Moroccan patient who contracted orf (fig. 1a) after slaughtering a sheep during Eid Al-Adha was admitted to our hospital and developed a similar pruritic vesiculobullous eruption predominantly on the hands and forearms (fig. 1b). Hematoxylin and eosin staining of punch biopsies from areas of the vesicullobullous eruption showed spongiotic dermatitis with eosinophilia, most consistent with an id reaction.
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Aberrant DNA methylation is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and poor survival in cutaneous melanoma
Abstract
Background
Promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer. Regarding melanoma, over a hundred genes that contribute to its pathogenesis have been identified to be aberrantly hypermethylated. This is a retrospective observational study that aims to analyze the prevalence of CpG island methylation in a series of primary melanoma, to identify the associations with the main clinicopathological features, and to explore the prognostic significance of methylation in melanoma survival.
Materials and Methods
DNA methylation was analyzed using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) in a series of 170 melanoma formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. The relationship between the methylation status, known somatic mutations and clinicopathological features was evaluated. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were displayed by the Kaplan-Meier method.
Results
In the entire cohort, one or more genes were detected to be methylated in 55% of the patients. The most prevalent methylated genes were RARB 31%, PTEN 24%, APC 16%, CDH13 16%, ESR1 14%, CDKN2A 6%, and RASSF1 5%. An association between aberrant methylation and aggressive clinicopathological features was observed (older age, increased Breslow, presence of mitosis and ulceration, fast-growing melanomas, advancing stage, and TERT mutations). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a correlation of methylation and poorer DFS and overall survival OS.
Conclusions
Aberrant methylation of TSGs is a frequent event in melanoma. It is associated to aggressive clinicopathological features and poorer survival. Epigenetic alterations may represent a significant prognostic marker with utility in routine practice.
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A possible association between BP230-type bullous pemphigoid and dementia: report of two elderly cases
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease, and it features itchy oedematous erythemas and tense bullae on the whole body most commonly in the elderly. BP180 is the most common autoantigens of BP, and BP230 is the only target of autoantibodies in approximately 8% of patients with BP1. It has been reported that elderly patients with BP sometimes have comorbidities associated with neurological disease (ND) including dementia2. BP antigens and their isoforms can be identified in skin as well as in neuronal tissues, suggesting that exposure of the neuronal antigen may lead to an immune reaction against the epithelial isoform3. Here, we describe two elderly cases of BP with dementia in which the autoantibodies reacted to BP230 but not to BP180 (BP230-BP).
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Point mutation in p14ARF-specific exon 1β of CDKN2A causing familial melanoma and astrocytoma
Abstract
Rarely, melanoma is dominantly inherited, with CDKN2A mutations accounting for >85% of mutation-positive families (1). CDKN2A encodes two, non-homologous proteins, p16 and p14ARF, with individually unique first exons (1α and 1β, respectively) and alternative reading frames. Over 95% of the CDKN2A mutations in familial melanoma occur in the p16 transcript (1).
Legionella feeleii: an unusual organism associated with cutaneous infection in an immunocompromised patient
Summary
We report a 23-year-old immunocompromised woman who, following cardiac transplantation, presented with an unusual cutaneous eruption. She developed a widespread pustular rash, systemic symptoms and a high temperature with raised inflammatory markers. The diagnosis was reached when a skin biopsy was cultured onto Legionella agar (buffered charcoal yeast extract) and Legionella feeleii was isolated. The patient was treated with 6 weeks of moxifloxacin and her cutaneous lesions gradually resolved. Cutaneous Legionella infections are uncommon and usually affect immunocompromised patients.
Morphoea profunda and its relationship to eosinophilic fasciitis
Summary
In this small case series, all eight patients were women in their fifth and sixth decades. This is similar to the female predominance in morphoea and less in keeping with eosinophilic fasciitis (EF). All cases had diffuse induration of their limbs with both proximal and distal patterns of distribution, and five of the patients exhibited peau d'orange skin. All patients had diffuse induration of the lower limbs and half had restricted ankle movements. Six patients had concomitant superficial morphoea. This group of patients demonstrated a unique subtype of the morphoea spectrum with some features overlapping with EF. However, there appear to be points of distinction, and we propose that some previously reported cases labelled as EF would be better described as having morphoea profunda (MP). Methotrexate may be a useful treatment for MP, hence it is important to distinguish this from EF, as management may differ.
Recessive epidermolytic ichthyosis results from loss of keratin 10 expression, regardless of the mutation location
Summary
Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a rare skin disorder caused by mutations in the genes KRT1 and KRT10, and is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Only five recessive mutations causing EI have been described, all of which are located in the central region of the KRT10 gene. In the current study, we aimed to identify the genetic defect underlying EI in a 12-year-old patient. Direct sequencing of the patient's genomic DNA revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation residing within the proximal part KRT10 first exon. The mutation was found to co-segregate with the disease phenotype in an autosomal recessive fashion. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we found an almost two-fold decrease in KRT10 expression in the patient's skin compared with the skin of healthy controls. Western blot analysis showed complete absence of keratin 10 protein in the patient's skin, suggesting early protein degradation.
A protective role for FADD dominant negative (FADD-DN) mutant in trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced murine contact hypersensitivity reactions
Summary
Background
Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a classic adaptor protein in apoptosis. Increasing evidence has shown that FADD is also implicated in T-cell development, activation and proliferation. The role of FADD in inflammatory disorders remains largely unexplored.
Aim
To assess the role of FADD in inflammatory disorders.
Methods
We established an experimental model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) by using 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) on transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant of FADD (FADD-DN),
Results
CHS responses were clearly attenuated in FADD-DN mice compared with control mice. In the retroauricular lymph nodes, the ratio of CD8+ T cells was also decreased.
Conclusion
FADD-DN appears to play a protective role in TNCB-induced CHS reactions.
Survival and prognostic factors for patients with melanoma brain metastases in the era of modern systemic therapy
Abstract
Historically, the prognosis of patients with melanoma brain metastases is poor, with median overall survival (OS) of 4-6 months. Little is known of OS in the era of modern systemic therapies and local therapy with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or surgery. Patients diagnosed with melanoma brain metastases at Melanoma Institute Australia from January 2011 to December 2014 were included. OS and prognostic factors were analysed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.355 patients were included. The median OS was 7.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0-8.1). Median OS differed by treatment modality: systemic therapy and SRS and/or surgery 14.9 months (95% CI 10.7-19.0), SRS and/or surgery with or without whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) 6.4 months (95% CI 5.4-7.5), systemic therapy 5.4 months (95% CI 3.1-7.7), systemic therapy and WBRT 5.2 months (95% CI 4.1-6.4), WBRT 4.4 months (95% CI 2.4-6.3), and best supportive care 1.8 months (95% CI 1.2-2.3). OS for patients with melanoma brain metastases appears improved in the modern era, particularly for patients who are candidates for systemic therapy with SRS and/or surgery.
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Classes, why and how
Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to the class-theoretic paradoxes. In the first part of the paper, I will distinguish classes from sets, describe the function of class talk, and present several reasons for postulating type-free classes. This involves applications to the problem of unrestricted quantification, reduction of properties, natural language semantics, and the epistemology of mathematics. In the second part of the paper, I will present some axioms for type-free classes. My approach is loosely based on the Gödel–Russell idea of limited ranges of significance. It is shown how to derive the second-order Dedekind–Peano axioms within that theory. I conclude by discussing whether the theory can be used as a solution to the problem of unrestricted quantification. In an appendix, I prove the consistency of the class theory relative to Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.
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Publication date: Available online 25 July 2018 Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology Author(s): Marco Ballestr...
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Editorial AJR Reviewers: Heartfelt Thanks From the Editors and Staff Thomas H. Berquist 1 Share + Affiliation: Citation: American Journal...
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Publication date: Available online 28 September 2017 Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas Author(s): F.J. Navarro-Triviño
