Metastasierungsweg und Lymphknotenausräumung beim Unterlippenkarzinom

Zusammenfassung

Bei den meisten bösartigen Neubildungen der Unterlippe handelt es sich um Plattenepithelkarzinome. Mit einer lymphogenen Metastasierungshäufigkeit von ca. 8 % lassen sie sich in ihrem Metastasierungsverhalten zwischen den Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Haut (4–5 %) und dem Mundhöhlenkarzinom (20–40 %) einordnen. Vorwiegend betroffen sind die submentalen und submandibulären Lymphknotenstationen (Level I a und I b), in absteigender Häufigkeit dann die Lymphknoten entlang der Hals-Gefäß-Nerven-Scheide (Level II, III und IV). Das Risiko von Lymphknotenmetastasen steigt mit zunehmender Tumordicke und höherem Entdifferenzierungsgrad (histologisches Grading). Aus der Kombination dieser Faktoren können Patienten mit erhöhtem Metastasierungsrisiko identifiziert werden. Weitere Risikofaktoren sind Tumorgröße, Immunsuppression, perineurales Wachstum, Lymphgefäßinvasion und häufige Rezidive. Bei Patienten mit erhöhtem Risiko für nodale Metastasen sollte auch bei im Staging unauffälligem Lymphknotenstatus (cN0) eine elektive Lymphknotenchirurgie in Erwägung gezogen werden. In der Regel ist dabei eine selektive funktionelle suprahyoidale (Level I und II) oder supraomohyoidale (Level I–III) Ausräumung ausreichend. Eine Erweiterung um weitere Level oder zum modifizierten radikalen Vorgehen ist nur bei Vorliegen von Metastasen notwendig. Alternativ kann auch eine Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie erfolgen, wobei hierzu umfangreiche evidenzsichernde Daten noch fehlen. Die Lymphknotenchirurgie kann sowohl zusammen mit der Primärtumorresektion und meist sofortigen Unterlippenrekonstruktion (einzeitiges Vorgehen) als auch später sekundär (zweizeitiges Vorgehen) erfolgen.

Prurigo Pigmentosa: An Itchy, Urticarial Eruption Confused for Food Allergy

Publication date: Available online 23 March 2018
Source:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Peter Capucilli, Joy Wan, James Corry, Jennifer H. Chuang, Rebecca L. Linn, Marissa J. Perman

Generalized Pruritus Relieved by NSAIDs in the Setting of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome

Publication date: Available online 23 March 2018
Source:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Katrina Kesterson, Zachary Nahmias, Jonathan R. Brestoff, Nancy D. Bodet, Andrew Kau, Brian S. Kim

Assessment of neurohepatic DNA damage in male Sprague–Dawley rats exposed to organophosphates and pyrethroid insecticides

Abstract

The current work was undertaken to test the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF), dimethoate, and lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) insecticides in rat brain and liver using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Three groups of adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed orally to one third LD₅₀of CPF, dimethoate, or LCT for 24 and 48 h while the control group received corn oil. Serum samples were collected for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); the brain and liver samples were used for comet assay and for histopathological examination. Results showed that signs of neurotoxicity appeared clinically as backward stretching of hind limb and splayed gait in dimethoate and LCT groups, respectively. CPF, LCT, and dimethoate induced oxidative stress indicated by increased MDA and decreased GPx levels. CPF and LCT caused severe DNA damage in the brain and liver at 24 and 48 h indicated by increased percentage of DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Dimethoate induced mild DNA damage in the brain and liver at 48 h. Histopathological changes were observed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and liver of exposed rats. The results concluded that CPF, LCT, and dimethoate insecticides induced oxidative stress and DNA damage associated with histological changes in the brain and liver of exposed rats.

Combined effects of photobiomodulation and alendronate on viability of osteoporotic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018
Source:Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
Author(s): Somaye Fallahnezhad, Abdollah Amini, Behnam Hajihossainlou, Sufan Chien, Sara Dadras, Fatemehalsadat Rezaei, Mohammad Bayat
Osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of Osteoporosis (OP). Photobiomodulation (PBM) has positive effects on healthy BMMSCs. The goal of current experiment was to evaluate the combined influence of photobiomodulation (PBM) and alendronate (ALN) incubation on ovariectomized induced osteoporosis(OVX)- BMMSC viability in vitro.15 female adult Wistar rats were distributed into the 2 groups: (1) 3healthy (sham)control rats, (2) 12 OVX- rats. All OVX rats underwent ovariectomy. After 3.5 months sham and OVX rats were euthanized and their MSC harvested and cultured in a complete osteogenic incubation medium (OM). As the next step, in sham and OVX groups flowcytometry and osteogenic differentiation assays were performed. OVX- rats were divided into (2) OVX-control, (3) OVX- PBM (HeNe laser, 623.8 nm, 1.2 J/cm², one time), (4) OVX-ALN (10⁻⁸ M, three times incubations), and (5) OVX-PBM + ALN, Finally BMMSC viability of all five groups were evaluated using MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.Based on our observations, PBM significantly increased optical density of OVX-BMMSCs (2.15 ± 0.11) compared to control –OVX-BMMSCs (1.55 ± 0.10) and healthy –BMMSCs (1.65 ± 0.10)(LSD test, both p < 0.05). Further, we found that both ALN, and ALN + PBM significantly increased optical densities of OVX-BMMSCs (24 h:2.40 ± 0.03;48 h:2.06 ± 0.00[ALN],both p < 0.01) and 1.88 ± 0.05[ALN + PBM], p < 0.05 compared to control –OVX-BMMSCs (24 h: 1.46 ± 0.01; 48 h: 1.83 ± 0.00 and 1.57 ± 0.08).It was concluded that PBM significantly increased cell viability of OVX-BMMSCs compared to control –OVX-BMMSCs and healthy –BMMSCs.

Contact Dermatitis, Ahead of Print.

Contact Dermatitis, Ahead of Print.

Contact Dermatitis, Ahead of Print.

Contact Dermatitis, Ahead of Print.

Ameliorative effects of nano-elemental selenium against hexavalent chromium-induced apoptosis in broiler liver

Abstract

The current study examined the ameliorative effects of nano-elemental selenium (Nano-Se) against chromium-VI (K₂Cr₂O₇)-induced apoptosis in chickens. The expression of apoptosis-related genes was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. A total of 60, one-day-old broiler chickens allotted to six equal groups, i.e., control group (standard diet), Cr(VI)-exposed group (K₂Cr₂O₇ via drinking water), Nano-Se group (Nano-Se at 0.5 mg/kg via diet), protection group (K₂Cr₂O₇ + Nano-Se), cure group (K₂Cr₂O₇ for initial 2 weeks and then Nano-Se), and prevention group (opposite to the cure group) and were detected by the activities of pro-apoptosis (Bax, Caspase-3) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2) genes expression at day 35 of the experiment. Intense apoptosis was observed in liver tissues of chickens exposed to K₂Cr₂O₇. The Nano-Se supplementation caused a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the mRNA expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 genes, while significantly elevated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 gene was observed in Nano-Se experimental groups as compare to control and Cr(VI)-exposed group. The results quantified by the RT-qPCR were further confirmed by the western blot analysis. Altogether, these results suggest anti-apoptotic effects of Nano-Se in the chicken liver, which is interesting for further study. The present findings suggested that Nano-Se has protective effects against K₂Cr₂O₇-induced apoptosis in broilers liver and can serve a key role as a protective agent against apoptosis.

Theory-Containment in Controversies: Neurath and Müller on Newton, Goethe, and Underdetermination

Abstract

Olaf Müller's book (More Light) develops a new case for underdetermination (prismatic equivalence), and, as he is focusing on theories of a 'limited domain', this assumes the containability of the theories. First, the paper argues that Müller's theory of darkness is fundamentally Newtonian, but for Newton's optical theory the type of theoretical structure Müller adopts is problematic. Second, the paper discusses seventeenth-century challenges to Newton (by Huygens and Lucas), changes in the proof-structure of Newton's optical theory, and how these affect Müller's reconstruction. Müller's book provides empirically equivalent theories, yet the historical theories were not empirically equivalent, and the same experiments were used to extract different bodies of evidence to rebut the opponent. Third, Goethe's multi-layered critique of Newton's experimental proof is investigated, including his developmental account of prismatic colours, the role of experimental series in rejecting Newton's observations, and his incorporation of the 'limited domain' of prismatic colours in a broader framework. Two key elements of Goethe's method, polarity and strengthening are discussed in contrast to Müller, who only utilises polarity in his account. Finally Neurath's attempts to come to grips with the optical controversies and the prism-experiments with 'blurred edges' are recalled. Müller also discusses in detail some of these experiments and heavily draws on Quine. Neurath developed Duhem's and Poincaré's conventionalist insights and had good reasons to be pessimistic about theory-containment. Their differences provide some additions to the history of the Duhem–Quine thesis.

Actualización sobre el tratamiento de moluscos contagiosos en los niños

Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): P. Gerlero, Á. Hernández-Martín
El molusco contagioso es una de las infecciones virales más frecuente en los niños. Aunque se trata de una infección de curso benigno y generalmente autolimitada, el tratamiento puede resultar complicado en la edad pediátrica cuando las lesiones son muy numerosas, están en áreas visibles, o producen molestias. Existen diversos tratamientos disponibles, cuya selección depende del número y localización de las lesiones, de la experiencia del médico que las trata, y de las preferencias de los padres o cuidadores. Este artículo proporciona una actualización sobre las diferentes terapias contra los moluscos contagiosos particularmente enfocadas a los pacientes pediátricos.Molluscum contagiosum is one of the most common viral infections in childhood. It is a benign and usually self-limiting infection, but its treatment in children can be challenging, particularly when the patient presents multiple lesions or when lesions are symptomatic or highly visible. Several treatment options exist. Choice of treatment depends on the number and location of lesions, the prior experience of the treating physician, and the preferences of the child's parents or carers. This article provides an update on treatment options for molluscum contagiosum, with a particular focus on immunocompetent pediatric patients.

Graphical abstract

Dermatitis alérgica de contacto a clorhexidina en dos pacientes pediátricos

Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): S. Córdoba, T. Sanz-Sánchez, E. Mohedano-Vicente, J. Borbujo

Comparing ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighting for soil as pollution in Beijing

Abstract

Spatial interpolation method is the basis of soil heavy metal pollution assessment and remediation. The existing evaluation index for interpolation accuracy did not combine with actual situation. The selection of interpolation methods needs to be based on specific research purposes and research object characteristics. In this paper, As pollution in soils of Beijing was taken as an example. The prediction accuracy of ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weighted (IDW) were evaluated based on the cross validation results and spatial distribution characteristics of influencing factors. The results showed that, under the condition of specific spatial correlation, the cross validation results of OK and IDW for every soil point and the prediction accuracy of spatial distribution trend are similar. But the prediction accuracy of OK for the maximum and minimum is less than IDW, while the number of high pollution areas identified by OK are less than IDW. It is difficult to identify the high pollution areas fully by OK, which shows that the smoothing effect of OK is obvious. In addition, with increasing of the spatial correlation of As concentration, the cross validation error of OK and IDW decreases, and the high pollution area identified by OK is approaching the result of IDW, which can identify the high pollution areas more comprehensively. However, because the semivariogram constructed by OK interpolation method is more subjective and requires larger number of soil samples, IDW is more suitable for spatial prediction of heavy metal pollution in soils.

Detection of the natural origin hydrocarbon contamination in carbonate aquifers (central Apennine, Italy)

Abstract

The water–rock interaction is discussed in this study for some Central Apennine aquifers and their relative springs, where the geological and hydrogeological setting is potentially responsible for hydrocarbon contamination. The contamination is related to the presence of limestone formations with high organic content that are connected to the genesis of hydrocarbons in the Central-Southern Apennines. Thanks to a multidisciplinary approach based on a seasonal monitoring of hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical, organic chemical, and isotopic variables, and to a detailed geological analysis, it was possible to demonstrate that the bituminous schists within the bituminous dolomite formation (a Triassic Formation presents in the Gran Sasso acquifer), the bituminous intercalations within the Bolognano Formation (an Olocenic calcareous Formation in the Majella acquifer), and the petroleum-saturated rocks of the Bolognano Formation (in the Morrone acquifer) are all able to leach hydrocarbons into groundwater. The results suggest that more detailed studies are required for areas where lithologies with fossil organic components are present. Insights should further investigate the interaction between groundwater and rocks in terms of organic compounds as well as inorganic compounds. In particular, the study also suggests that the supplementary quantification of hydrocarbon compounds in bituminous rock and the leaching tests are analyses that provide reliable results. From the normative point of view, the results of the study can be useful when dealing with hydrocarbon contamination resulting from anthropogenic activities within catchments where formations with high concentration of organic matter are present. In these cases, it will possible to assess the natural background concentrations and review the threshold values upwards.

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

Active methods of mercury removal from flue gases

Abstract

Due to its adverse impact on health, as well as its global distribution, long atmospheric lifetime and propensity for deposition in the aquatic environment and in living tissue, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has classified mercury and its compounds as a severe air quality threat. Such widespread presence of mercury in the environment originates from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Global anthropogenic emission of mercury is evaluated at 2000 Mg year⁻¹. According to the National Centre for Emissions Management (Pol. KOBiZE) report for 2014, Polish annual mercury emissions amount to approximately 10 Mg. Over 90% of mercury emissions in Poland originate from combustion of coal.

The purpose of this paper was to understand mercury behaviour during sub-bituminous coal and lignite combustion for flue gas purification in terms of reduction of emissions by active methods. The average mercury content in Polish sub-bituminous coal and lignite was 103.7 and 443.5 μg kg⁻¹. The concentration of mercury in flue gases emitted into the atmosphere was 5.3 μg m⁻³ for sub-bituminous coal and 17.5 μg m⁻³ for lignite. The study analysed six low-cost sorbents with the average achieved efficiency of mercury removal from 30.6 to 92.9% for sub-bituminous coal and 22.8 to 80.3% for lignite combustion. Also, the effect of coke dust grain size was examined for mercury sorptive properties. The fine fraction of coke dust (CD) adsorbed within 243–277 μg Hg kg⁻¹, while the largest fraction at only 95 μg Hg kg⁻¹. The CD fraction < 0.063 mm removed almost 92% of mercury during coal combustion, so the concentration of mercury in flue gas decreased from 5.3 to 0.4 μg Hg m⁻³. The same fraction of CD had removed 93% of mercury from lignite flue gas by reducing the concentration of mercury in the flow from 17.6 to 1.2 μg Hg m⁻³. The publication also presents the impact of photochemical oxidation of mercury on the effectiveness of Hg vapour removal during combustion of lignite. After physical oxidation of Hg in the flue gas, its effectiveness has increased twofold.

Disciplinary differences of the impact of altmetric

Abstract

The main objective of this work was to group altmetric indicators according to their relationships and detect disciplinary differences with regard to altmetric impact in a set of 3793 research articles published in 2013. Three of the most representative altmetric providers (Altmetric, PlumX and Crossref Event Data) and Scopus were used to extract information about these publications and their metrics. Principal component analysis was used to summarize the information on these metrics and detect groups of indicators. The results show that these metrics can be grouped into three components: social media, gathering metrics from social networks and online media; usage, including metrics on downloads and views; and citations and saves, grouping metrics related to research impact and saves in bookmarking sites. With regard to disciplinary differences, articles in the General category attract more attention from social media, Social Sciences articles have higher usage than Physical Sciences, and General articles are more cited and saved than Health Sciences and Social Sciences articles.

Variations in the relative abundance of Wolbachia in the gut of Nasutitermes arborum across life stages and castes

Abstract

There are multiple forms of interactions between termites and bacteria. In addition to their gut microbiota, which has been intensively studied, termites host intracellular symbionts such as Wolbachia. These distinct symbioses have been so far approached independently and mostly in adult termites. We addressed the dynamics of Wolbachia and the microbiota of the eggs and gut for various life stages and castes of the wood-feeding termite, Nasutitermes arborum, using deep-sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Wolbachia was dominant in eggs as expected. Unexpectedly, it persisted in the gut of nearly all stages and castes, indicating a wide somatic distribution in termites. Wolbachia-related sequences clustered into few operational taxonomic units, but these were within the same genotype, acquired maternally. Wolbachia was largely dominant in DNA extracts from the guts of larvae and pre-soldiers (59.1%–99.1% of reads) where gut-resident lineages were less represented and less diverse. The reverse was true for the adult castes. This is the first study reporting the age-dependency of the relative abundance of Wolbachia in the termite gut and its negative correlation with the diversity of the microbiota. The possible mechanisms underlying this negative interaction are discussed.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

National Green Tribunal of India—an observation from environmental judgements

Pediatric Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

Pediatric Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

Australasian Journal of Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

Australasian Journal of Dermatology, Ahead of Print.

RE: “BEST PRACTICES FOR GAUGING EVIDENCE OF CAUSALITY IN AIR POLLUTION EPIDEMIOLOGY”