No abstract available
Κυριακή 22 Ιουλίου 2018
Geriatrische Onkologie
Zusammenfassung
Aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung mit einer zunehmenden Zahl alter Menschen und des altersabhängigen Anstiegs der Inzidenzrate der Krebserkrankungen wird die Zahl alter Menschen mit Krebserkrankungen in den kommenden Jahrzehnten erheblich ansteigen. In der Geriatrie wurde ein strukturiertes systematisches Assessment etabliert, um Defizite und Ressourcen des einzelnen Patienten zu erkennen und individuelle Therapieplanungen vornehmen zu können. Die Forschung in der geriatrischen Onkologie hat bisher gezeigt, dass die Übertragung des Assessments von der Geriatrie zur Onkologie hilft, unabhängig vom chronologischen Alter, Patienten mit altersabhängigen Einschränkungen besser zu erkennen. Solche Einschränkungen sind zudem prädiktiv für ein höheres Risiko der Therapieunverträglichkeit und für geringeres Überleben. Geriatrisches Assessment hilft dabei, eine onkologische Therapie besser zu stratifizieren und somit Über- und Untertherapie zu vermeiden. In aktuellen Studien wird untersucht, ob auf den Ergebnissen des Assessments aufbauende Interventionen zu einer Verbesserung von für die Patienten relevanten Endpunkten beitragen. Für alte Patienten relevante Endpunkte, wie der Erhalt der Fähigkeit zur Selbstversorgung, sind bisher unzureichend in onkologische Therapiestudien integriert worden.
Correction to: Adsorption and desorption of potentially toxic metals on modified biosorbents through new green grafting process
The author's email address of Hai Nguyen Tran should be inserted.
Favorable compatibility of nitenpyram with the aphid predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Abstract
The increasing demand for lessening the chemical input in agricultural ecosystems requires an efficient combination of pesticides and biological controls. Thus, fully understanding the compatibility of pesticides and beneficial arthropod predators is helpful and essential. In this study, we evaluated the influence of nitenpyram on both larvae and adults of Coccinella septempunctata using exposure doses of 10, 25, 50, 100, and 150% of the maximum recommended field rate (MRFR) (3, 7.5, 15, 30, and 45 g a.i. ha−1, respectively) and a blank control based on a preliminary acute 72-h toxicity experiment. In the long-term test, the LR50 (application rate causing the mortality of 50% of the individuals) of nitenpyram for C. septempunctata decreased from 73.43 to 63.0 g a.i. ha−1, while the HQ (hazard quotient) values remained below the threshold value of 2. Nitenpyram did not significantly influence the survival rate, fecundity, pupation, or adult emergence at 150% of the label rate (lowest LR50 = 63.0 g a.i. ha−1), and its demonstrated NOER (No Observed Effect application Rates) values are all above 45 g a.i. ha−1. Likewise, the total developmental time and egg hatchability were not significantly affected at 100% of the label rate (NOER = 30 g a.i. ha−1). The assessment of the total effect (E) suggested that nitenpyram could be classified as harmless to C. septempunctata below/at a dose of 30 g a.i. ha−1. The lowest LR50 and NOER values were both above the maximum recommended field application rate for nitenpyram (30 g a.i. ha−1) for controlling aphids in China. All results indicated that the on-label use of nitenpyram is compatible with the natural enemy C. septempunctata in agricultural ecosystems.
Effects of short- and long-term exposures of humic acid on the Anammox activity and microbial community
Abstract
Humic acid has a controversial effect on the biological treatment processes. Here, we have investigated humic acid effects on the Anammox activity by studying the nitrogen removal efficiencies in batch and continuous conditions and analyzing the microbial community using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. The results showed that the Anammox activity was affected by the presence of humic acid at a concentration higher than 70 mg/L. In fact, in the presence of humic acid concentration of 200 mg/L, the Anammox activity decreased to 57% in batch and under continuous condition, the ammonium removal efficiencies of the reactor decreased from 78 to 41%. This reduction of Anammox activity after humic acid addition was highlighted by FISH analysis which revealed a considerable reduction of the abundance of Anammox bacteria and the bacteria living in symbiosis with them. Furthermore, a total inhibition of Candidatus Brocadia fulgida was observed. However, humic acid has promoted heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria which became dominant in the reactor. In fact, the evolution of the organic matter in the reactor showed that the added humic acid was used as carbon source by heterotrophic bacteria which explained the shift of metabolism to the favor of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Accordingly, humic acid should be controlled in the influent to avoid Anammox activity inhibition.
Effects of rs591323 on serotonin transporter availability in healthy male subjects
Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to investigate the association between genetic factors of SNPs dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) availabilities in healthy controls.
Methods
The study population consisted of healthy controls with screening 123I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography. Specific binding of 123I-FP-CIT regarding DAT and SERT was calculated using a region of interest analysis. VOI template was applied to measure specific binding ratios (SBRs) of caudate nucleus, putamen, striatum, midbrain, and pons.
Results
One hundred sixty healthy controls (male 106, female 54, 61.0 ± 11.5 years) were included in this study. Sex difference did not exist in DAT availabilities of caudate nucleus (p = 0.5344), putamen (p = 0.5006), and striatum (p = 0.5056). However, male subjects had higher SERT availabilities of both midbrain (p = 0.0436), and pons (p = 0.0061). Therefore, we analyzed the effect of SNP on DAT availabilities of subjects in all, and that on SERT availabilities of males and females separately. None of 19 SNPs included in this study showed the effect on DAT availabilities. However, rs591323 in Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 on chromosome 8 had a significant impact on SERT availability of both midbrain (p = 0.0056) and pons (p = 0.0007).
Conclusion
SNP rs591323 of risk loci for Parkinson's disease is associated with SERT availability of healthy male subjects.
Optimal monochromatic color combinations for fusion imaging of FDG-PET and diffusion-weighted MR images
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the optimal monochromatic color combination for fusion imaging of FDG-PET and diffusion-weighted MR images (DW) regarding lesion conspicuity of each image.
Methods
Six linear monochromatic color-maps of red, blue, green, cyan, magenta, and yellow were assigned to each of the FDG-PET and DW images. Total perceptual color differences of the lesions were calculated based on the lightness and chromaticity measured with the photometer. Visual lesion conspicuity was also compared among the PET-only, DW-only and PET-DW-double positive portions with mean conspicuity scores. Statistical analysis was performed with a one-way analysis of variance and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
Results
Among all the 12 possible monochromatic color-map combinations, the 3 combinations of red/cyan, magenta/green, and red/green produced the highest conspicuity scores. Total color differences between PET-positive and double-positive portions correlated with conspicuity scores (ρ = 0.2933, p < 0.005). Lightness differences showed a significant negative correlation with conspicuity scores between the PET-only and DWI-only positive portions. Chromaticity differences showed a marginally significant correlation with conspicuity scores between DWI-positive and double-positive portions.
Conclusions
Monochromatic color combinations can facilitate the visual evaluation of FDG-uptake and diffusivity as well as registration accuracy on the FDG-PET/DW fusion images, when red- and green-colored elements are assigned to FDG-PET and DW images, respectively.
Radiation exposure after 177 Lu-DOTATATE and 177 Lu-PSMA-617 therapy
Abstract
Purpose
As radionuclide therapy is gaining importance in palliative treatment of patients suffering from neuroendocrine tumour (NET) as well as castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the radiation protection of patients, staff, family members and the general public is of increasing interest. Here, we determine patient discharge dates according to European guidelines.
Methods
In 40 patients with NET and 25 patients with CRPC organ and tumour doses based on the MIRD concept were calculated from data obtained during the first therapy cycle. Planar whole body images were recorded at 0.5, 4, 20, 68 und 92 h postinjection. Residence times were calculated from the respective time-activity-curves based on the conjugated view method. Residence times for critical organs were fitted into the commercially available OLINDA software to calculate the organ doses. The doses of tumours and salivary glands were calculated via their self-irradiation by approximation with spheres of equivalent volume. Kidney volumes were gained by organ segmentation, volumes of all other organs were estimated by means of OLINDA and hence were lean body mass corrected. Out of the whole body curves reference points for patient discharge were estimated.
Results
In patients with NET discharge dates could be properly estimated from dosimetric data, which is not only crucial for radiation protection, but also makes therapy planning easier. For 177Lu-PSMA-617 ligand therapy it is difficult to seriously estimate a generalized discharge date due to large interpatient variation resulting from different tumor loads and heavy pre-treatment.
Conclusion
Patient release is predictable for 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy but not for 177Lu-PSMA ligand therapy.
Reliable radiosynthesis of 4-[ 10 B]borono-2-[ 18 F]fluoro- l -phenylalanine with quality assurance for boron neutron capture therapy-oriented diagnosis
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to establish a reliable and routine method for the preparation of 4-[10B]borono-2-[18F]fluoro-l-phenylalanine (l-[18F]FBPA) for boron neutron capture therapy-oriented diagnosis using positron emission tomography.
Methods
To produce l-[18F]FBPA by electrophilic fluorination of 4-[10B]borono-l-phenylalanine (l-BPA) with [18F]acetylhypofluorite ([18F]AcOF) via [18F]F2 derived from the 20Ne(d,α)18F nuclear reaction, several preparation parameters and characteristics of l-[18F]FBPA were investigated, including: pre-irradiation for [18F]F2 production, the carrier F2 content in the Ne target, l-BPA-to-F2 ratios, separation with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using 10 different eluents, enantiomeric purity, and residual trifluoroacetic acid used as the reaction solvent by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results
The activity yields and molar activities of l-[18F]FBPA (n = 38) were 1200 ± 160 MBq and 46–113 GBq/mmol, respectively, after deuteron-irradiation for 2 h. Two 5 min pre-irradiations prior to [18F]F2 production for 18F-labeling were preferable. For l-[18F]FBPA synthesis, 0.15–0.2% of carrier F2 in Ne and l-BPA-to-F2 ratios > 2 were preferable. HPLC separations with five of the 10 eluents provided injectable l-[18F]FBPA without any further formulation processing, which resulted in a synthesis time of 32 min. Among the five eluents, 1 mM phosphate-buffered saline was the eluent of choice. The l-[18F]FBPA injection was sterile and pyrogen-free, and contained very small amounts of D-enantiomer (< 0.1% of l-[18F]FBPA), l-BPA (< 1% of l-FBPA), and trifluoroacetic acid (< 0.5 ppm).
Conclusions
l-[18F]FBPA injection was reliably prepared by the electrophilic fluorination of l-BPA with [18F]AcOF followed by HPLC separation with 1 mM phosphate-buffered saline.
Assessment of tumor response to chemoradiotherapy and predicting prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by PERCIST
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate therapeutic response to chemoradiotherapy and prediction of recurrence and death in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST).
Materials and methods
Forty-two patients (mean 63.4, range 20–79 years) with nasopharyngeal (n = 10), oropharyngeal (n = 13), hypopharyngeal (n = 11), or laryngeal (n = 8) cancer underwent fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) before and approximately 3 months (mean 95.0, range 70–119 days) after undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The effect of PERCIST regarding progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was examined using log-rank and Cox methods.
Results
Complete metabolic response (CMR), partial metabolic response (PMR), stable metabolic disease (SMD), and progressive metabolic disease shown by PERCIST were seen in 30 (71.4%), 9 (21.4%), 3 (7.1%), and 0 patients, respectively. Fourteen (33.3%) developed recurrent disease (median follow-up 27.2, range 8.7–123.1 months) and 9 (21.4%) died (median follow-up 43.6, range 9.6–132.6 months). Furthermore, 4 (13.3%) of 30 patients with CMR developed recurrence, while 7 (77.8%) of 9 with PMR and all 3 (100%) with SMD developed recurrence. Two (6.7%) of 30 patients with CMR, 4 (44.4%) of 9 with PMR, and all 3 (100%) with SMD died. Patients who achieved CMR showed significantly longer PFS and OS as compared to those who did not (PMR and SMD) (both, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
PERCIST is useful for evaluating therapeutic response to chemoradiotherapy and predicting recurrence and death in HNSCC patients.
Enhanced wound healing activity of PEG/PCL copolymer combined with bioactive nanoparticles in wound care after anorectal surgery: Via bio-inspired methodology
Publication date: Available online 22 July 2018
Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
Author(s): Fengli Wang, Yan Xu, Chunmei Lv, Chunling Han, Yan Li
Abstract
Over the past decade, the implementation of the novel nanomaterials in the field of nanotechnology for the biomedical applications is essential for the comfort factors such as non-toxicity and biocompatibility in the human biological systems. In this context, a novel synthesis was worked out through bacterial species (citrobacter braakii) in the biofabrication of bioactive gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for the wound healing management. The biosynthesized Au NPs were further modified and improved its compatibility with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polycaprolactone (PCL) for formed as Au-PEG/PCL nanocomposites to extent the activity in wound healing application. The combination of bioactive nanoparticles with biocompatible polymeric substances has been upsurges the activity of nanoparticles due to the strong interaction of polymers. The biofabricated Au NPs and its nanocomposites were characterized using UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, DLS and TEM studies. Further, the prepared materials were tested in a wound healing model of rat with the wound of 22 mm size. The found results are demonstrated that the improved materials are highly active in growth of keratinocytes proliferation and simultaneously reduce scar formation. After 15 days observations, the wound were almost completely healed by the developed Au- PEG/PCL nanocomposites material which was confirmed by Masson's Trichrome staining histological images and antibacterial efficacy was displayed by the CLSM images. Notably, polymeric Au-PEG/PCL nanocomposites showed no inflammation on the wounded portion and internal implantation on rats thus evidencing it as a safe and biologically very active wound healing agent.
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