Prevalence, Distribution, and Characteristics Associated with Possession of Buprenorphine Waiver

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Prevalence, Distribution, and Characteristics Associated with Possession of Buprenorphine Waivers Among Infectious Diseases Physicians in the United States via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) may present with infectious complications from injection drug use, thus ID physicians are uniquely positioned to treat OUD. Buprenorphine is safe and effective for OUD but remains underutilized. The prevalence and geographic distribution of ID physicians who are waivered to prescribe buprenorphine are unknown. Methods This cross-sectional study merged data from several publicly available datasets from November 1, 2021 to January 15, 2022. Our primary outcome was proportion of ID physicians possessing buprenorphine waivers in the United States. We identified individual and county-level characteristics associated with buprenorphine waiver possession. We then used geospatial analysis to determine geographic distribution of waivered ID physicians. Results We identified 6372 ID physicians in the US, among whom 170 (2.7%) possessed waivers. Most ID physicians (97.3%) practice d in metropolitan counties. In our multivariable analysis, ID physicians had lower odds of having a waiver for every 10-year increase since graduating medical school (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.91). ID physicians practicing in counties with higher proportion of uninsured residents had lower odds of having a waiver (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.90). Among counties with at least one ID physician (n = 729), only 11.2% had at least one waivered ID physician. Conclusions We found an extremely low prevalence and skewed geographic distribution of ID physicians with buprenorphine waivers. Our findings suggest an urgent need to increase the workforce of ID physicians waivered to prescribe buprenorphine and a call for increased integration of OUD education into ID training and continuing medical education. View on Web

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Clinical and laboratory features and factors predicting disease severity in pediatric patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan virus

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical and laboratory features and factors predicting disease severity in pediatric patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan virus via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract The clinical features and factors associated with disease severity in children with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have not been well characterized. This study analyzed the clinical and laboratory factors associated with disease severity in children with HFRS caused by Hantaan virus. Data in pediatric patients with HFRS were retrospectively collected from Xi'an Children's Hospital over a 9-year period. Independent factors associated with disease severity were identified. Nomogram predicting disease severity was constructed based on variables filtered by feature selection. In total, 206 children with HFRS were studied. Fever, digestive tract symptoms, headache, backache, bleeding and renal injury signs were the common symptoms. Elevated white blood cell, reduced platelet, hematuria, proteinuria, coagulation abnormalities, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and procalcitonin (PCT), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and low serum Na< sup>+, Cl- and Ca2+ were the common laboratory findings. In the 206 patients, 21 patients had critical type disease and 4 patients (1.9%) died. Hydrothorax, hypotension and cerebral edema/cerebral herniation at hospital admission were independent clinical characteristics, and neutrophil %, prothrombin activity, PCT, BUN and Ca2+ at hospital admission were independent laboratory factors associated with critical disease. Feature selection identified BUN, PCT and prothrombin time as independent factors related to critical disease. A nomogram integrating BUN and PCT at admission was constructed and calibration showed high accuracy for the probability prediction of critical disease. In conclusion, this study characterized the clinical and laboratory features and constructed a nomogram predicting disease severity in pediatric HFRS, providing references for disease severity evaluation in managing children HFRS. This article is protected by copyr ight. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Optimal exposure to docetaxel in adjuvant chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Optimal exposure to docetaxel in adjuvant chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Among the 70 participants, 47 (67.1%) developed severe neutropenia. The PopPK analysis showed that the typical drug clearance (CL) rate was 37.4 L/h. Age was a significant covariate of CL rate, and aspartate aminotransferase and albumin levels were covariables of the volume of distribution. The AUC estimated using the maximum a posteriori Bayesian method can predict the toxicity of docetaxel in patients with breast cancer. Docetaxel AUC >3.0 mg h/L, platinum and baseline haemoglobin level are risk factors for docetaxel-induced grade 3/4 neutropenia. The AUC of first cycle may not predict the occurrence rates of grade 3/4 neutropenia in later cycles. Abstract What Is Known and Objective Drug-induced neutropenia is the main reason for the dose limitation of docetaxel in patients with breast cancer. The area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC) of docetaxel is associated with neutropenia. However, the optimal exposure to docetaxel for receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the docetaxel AUC and neutropenia, identify potential influencing factors, and explore the best monitoring target for docetaxel when treating patients with early-stage breast cancer using a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model. Methods Docetaxel plasma concentration, demographics, clinical data, and related laboratory data were collected. PopPK analyses were performed using a nonlinear mixed-effect modelling program. The docetaxel AUC was determined using the maximum a posteriori Bayesian (MAPB) method. The docetaxel exposure-toxicity threshold measured from the AUC for neutropenia was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlation between docetaxel exposure and neutropenia was analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among the 70 participants, 47 (67.1%) developed severe neutropenia. The PopPK analysis showed that the typical drug clearance (CL) rate was 37.4 L/h. Age was a significant covariate of CL rate, and aspartate aminotransferase and albumin levels were covariables of the volume of distribution. The multivariable regression analysis showed that AUC >3.0 mg.h/L (odds ratio [OR], 5.940; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.693–20.843; P = 0.005), platinum use (OR, 0.156; 95% CI, 0.043–0.562; P = 0.005) and baseline haemoglobin level (OR, 0.938; 95% CI, 0.887–0.993; P = 0.027) were significant factors influencing the occurrence of grade 3/4 neutropenia. The AUC of first cycle may not predict the occurrence rates of grade 3/4 neutropenia in later cycles. What Is New and Conclusion We developed a docetaxel PopPK model for patients with early-stage breast cancer. Age and AST and ALB levels were significant covariates. AUC estimated using the MAPB method can predict the toxicity of docetaxel in patients with breast cancer. Docetaxel AUC >3.0 mg.h/L, absence of platinum use and low baseline haemoglobin level were risk factors for docetaxel-induced grade 3/4 neutropenia. Study Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Center Registry (ChiCTR2200056460). View on Web

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Surgical interventions for the treatment of peri‐implantitis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Surgical interventions for the treatment of peri‐implantitis via Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research Abstract Background Peri-implantitis constitutes one of the most frequent late dental implant complications. The disease is initiated by bacterial infection; therefore, anti-infective peri-implantitis treatment strategies are required to arrest the progressive marginal bone loss and maintain the affected implant in function. Although nonsurgical treatment strategies appear to be of limited predictability, treatment outcomes have been frequently improved following surgical interventions. Purpose The present narrative review describes various surgical peri-implantitis treatment modalities, with respect to their indications, performance, and effectiveness. Materials and Methods The present narrative review considered the most relevant studies in the field published in the English language. Results Surgical peri-implantitis treatment approaches can be categorized as nonreconstrucive therapy, reconstructive therapy, and combined therapy (ie, reconstructive and resective therapy). In addition to disease resolution, reconstructive approaches also seek to regenerate the bone defect and achieve reosseointegration. Conclusions The severity of the disease, the regenerative potential of the defetc and esthetic demands of the patient are the factors determining the surgical peri-implantitis treatment modality. View on Web

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Impact of maximal extent of resection on postoperative deficits, patient functioning and survival within clinically important glioblastoma subgroups

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Impact of maximal extent of resection on postoperative deficits, patient functioning and survival within clinically important glioblastoma subgroups via Neuro-Oncology Advance Access Abstract Background The impact of extent of resection (EOR), residual tumor volume (RTV), and gross-total resection (GTR) in glioblastoma subgroups is currently unknown. This study aimed to analyze their impact in patient subgroups in relation to neurological and functional outcomes. Methods Patients with tumor resection for eloquent glioblastoma between 2010 and 2020 at four tertiary centers were recruited from a cohort of 3919 patients. Results One thousand and forty-seven (1047) patients were included. Higher EOR and lower RTV were significantly associated with improved OS and PFS across all subgroups, but RTV was a stronger prognostic factor. GTR based on RTV improved median OS in the overall cohort (19.0 months, p<0.0001), and in the subgroups with IDH wildtype tumors (18.5 months, p=0.00055), MGMT methylated tumors (35.0 months, p<0.0001), aged <70 (20.0 months, p<0.0001 ), NIHSS 0-1 (19.0 months, p=0.0038), KPS 90-100 (19.5 months, p=0.0012), and KPS ≤ 80 (17.0 months, p=0.036). GTR was significantly associated with improved OS in the overall cohort (HR 0.58, p=0.0070) and improved PFS in the NIHSS 0-1 subgroup (HR 0.47, p=0.012). GTR combined with preservation of neurological function (OFO 1 grade) yielded the longest survival times (median OS 22.0 months, p <0.0001), which was significantly more frequently achieved in the awake mapping group (50.0%) than in the asleep group (21.8%) (p<0.0001). Conclusions Maximum resection was especially beneficial in the subgroups aged <70, NIHSS 0-1, and KPS 90-100 without increasing the risk of postoperative NIHSS or KPS worsening. These findings may assist surgical decision making in individual glioblastoma patients. View on Web

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Rate of atypical nodal metastases in surgically treated HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Rate of atypical nodal metastases in surgically treated HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma via Head & Neck Abstract Background Understanding of nodal metastasis in patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is warranted. Methods Patients with HPV+ OPSCC who underwent neck dissection (ND) between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed. Pathology reports were reviewed for lymph node (LN) metastases. Noncontiguous metastases were defined as pathologic evidence of level II disease with another involved LN in a noncontiguous neck level. Skip metastases were defined as pathologic lymph node(s) in the neck without disease in level II. Results One hundred and thirty-one patients underwent levels II–IV ND with a mean (SD) LN yield of 33.3 (±13.5). The rate of atypical metastases in both the therapeutic and elective ND cohort was 5%. The noncontiguous and skip metastases were in level IV (n = 2) and level III (n = 4), respectively. Conclusions Skip and noncontiguous metastases were rare in patients with HPV+ OPSCC undergoing surgical treatment. Surgeons may consider a selective ND omitting Level IV in select patients with HPV+ OPSCC undergoing surgery. View on Web

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Predictive effect of pretreatment nutritional risk and GLIM‐defined malnutrition on the nutrition impact symptom clusters in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Predictive effect of pretreatment nutritional risk and GLIM‐defined malnutrition on the nutrition impact symptom clusters in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy via Head & Neck Abstract Background Evidence supporting predictive effects of pretreatment nutritional risk and nutritional status on nutrition impact symptom (NIS) clusters during radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is insufficient. Methods At baseline (T1), we collected severity and interference of NIS (Head and Neck Patient Symptom Checklist), nutritional risk, and nutritional status. During (T2) and at the end of radiotherapy (T3), we re-evaluated NIS. Symptom clusters were identified by exploratory factor analysis using mean scores of NIS severity at T2 and T3. Predictive effects were explored by generalized estimating equations. Results Five hundred thirty-seven patients were recruited and 334 of them completed. Four clusters were identified; the oropharyngeal symptom cluster was the most severe and had the greatest interference with diet. Patients with pretreatment nutritional risk or malnutrition experienced more severe oropharyngeal symptom cluster. Conclusions Pretreatment nutritional risk or malnutrition could predict the oropharyngeal symptom cluster in patients with HNC undergoing radiotherapy. View on Web

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