Assisted phytostabilisation of As, Pb and Sb-contaminated Technosols with mineral and organic amendments using Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

Abstract

Phytoremediation of metal(loid)s by conifers is not widely studied, although conifers may be interesting, particularly in temperate-cold areas and/or on acidic soils. In this study, seeds of Douglas fir were sown in greenhouse and cultivated for 3 months on two Technosols highly contaminated with different concentrations of Pb, As and Sb and collected in two French old former mines located in massif Central or close to it: a mine of gold at La Petite Faye and a mine of lead and silver at Pontgibaud. Two amendments, a nutrient solution (NS) and composted sewage sludge (CSS), were tested in order to stimulate Douglas fir growth and to reduce the metal(loid)s mobility and phytoavailability. The speciation determined by sequential extractions as well as mineralogy highlight different geochemical behaviours of Pb, As and Sb as a function of the Technosol. In all cases, CSS amendments significantly reduced Pb phytoavailability as well as the uptake and translocation of Pb and As. Moreover, CSS stimulated the growth of Douglas firs highlighting that this amendment could be a good strategy for a better phytostabilisation of these metal(loid)s.

Use and Reliability of Exposure Assessment Methods in Occupational Case–Control Studies in the General Population: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract

Introduction

Retrospective occupational exposure assessment has been challenging in case–control studies in the general population. We aimed to review (i) trends of different assessment methods used in the last 40 years and (ii) evidence of reliability for various assessment methods.

Methods

Two separate literature reviews were conducted. We first reviewed all general population cancer case–control studies published from 1975 to 2016 to summarize the exposure assessment approach used. For the second review, we systematically reviewed evidence of reliability for all methods observed in the first review.

Results

Among the 299 studies included in the first review, the most frequently used assessment methods were self-report/assessment (n = 143 studies), case-by-case expert assessment (n = 139), and job-exposure matrices (JEMs; n = 82). Usage trends for these methods remained relatively stable throughout the last four decades. Other approaches, such as the application of algorithms linking questionnaire responses to expert-assigned exposure estimates and modelling of exposure with historical measurement data, appeared in 21 studies that were published after 2000. The second review retrieved 34 comparison studies examining methodological reliability. Overall, we observed slightly higher median kappa agreement between exposure estimates from different expert assessors (~0.6) than between expert estimates and exposure estimates from self-reports (~0.5) or JEMs (~0.4). However, reported reliability measures were highly variable for different methods and agents. Limited evidence also indicates newer methods, such as assessment using algorithms and measurement-calibrated quantitative JEMs, may be as reliable as traditional methods.

Conclusion

The majority of current research assesses exposures in the population with similar methods as studies did decades ago. Though there is evidence for the development of newer approaches, more concerted effort is needed to better adopt exposure assessment methods with more transparency, reliability, and efficiency.

Photocatalytic Performance of H6P2W18O62/TiO2 Nanocomposite Encapsulated into Beta Zeolite under UV Irradiation in the Degradation of Methyl Orange

Photochemistry and Photobiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Debunking the Myths: Mental Illness and Mass Shootings

Violence and Gender, Ahead of Print.

Early Identification of Grooming and Targeting in Predatory Sexual Behavior on College Campuses

Violence and Gender, Ahead of Print.

Compassion: Without It—The Shame Is Ours to Bear

Violence and Gender, Volume 5, Issue 3, Page 125-127, September 2018.

Bacterial biofilm formation inside colonic crypts may accelerate colorectal carcinogenesis

Research in the field of relation between microbes and colorectal carcinogenesis has gained increasing interest in past years. Recently, link between microbial biofilm and carcinogenesis in colon was demonstra...

Weiße Papeln an Stirn, Wangen und retroaurikulär

Safety and efficacy of a novel high‐intensity focused electromagnetic technology device for noninvasive abdominal body shaping

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

In vivo dynamic thermal imaging of skin radiofrequency treatment

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Effects of radiofrequency on adipose tissue: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Procedural management of rhinophyma: A comprehensive review

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Histological findings correlated with clinical outcomes in telangiectasia treated with ohmic thermolysis and 940 nm laser

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Comparison of novel dual mode vs conventional single pass of a 1450‐nm diode laser in the treatment of acne vulgaris for Korean patients: A 20‐week prospective, randomized, split‐face study

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Screening for Syphilis with Dual Algorithms: Analysis of Discordant and Concordant Serology Results in a Population with a Low Prevalence of Syphilis

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Type IV allergy to antimalarials can mimic cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Morphological Classification System of Hair Regrowth Patterns in Alopecia Areata Patches: DIMT Classification

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

P.Ventricosus detection in a baby skin folds

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Pro-inflammatory effects of extracted urban fine particulate matter on human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B

Abstract

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) constitutes the major part of urban air pollution and is a heterogeneous mixture of solid and liquid particles of different origin, size, and chemistry. Human exposure to PM in urban areas poses considerable and significant adverse effects on the respiratory system and human health in general. Major contributors to PM content are combustion-related sources such as diesel vehicles, household, and industrial heating. PM is composed of thousands of different high molecular weight organic compounds, including poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The aim of this study was to clarify the cytotoxic effects of the extract of actual urban PM1 with high benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content collected in Eastern European mid-sized city during winter heating season on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Decreased cell viability, alteration of cell layer integrity, increased apoptosis, and oxidative stress were observed during the 3-day exposure to the PM extract. In addition, following PM exposure pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was upregulated at gene and protein levels. Morphology and motility changes, i.e., decreased cells' ability to cover scratch area, were also documented. We report here that the extract of urban PM1 may induce bronchial epithelium changes and render it pro-inflammatory and compromised within 3 days.

Incidence and mortality of pemphigus in France

IL-10-producing Regulatory B Cells Are Decreased in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

LB1538 A novel hypermorphic missense mutation in PLCG2 gene, resulting in the autosomal dominant immunodeficiency “APLAID syndrome” with recurrent polymorphic rash

"Autoinflammation and PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation" (APLAID syndrome) is due to autosomal dominant hypermorphic missense mutations in the PLCG2 gene encoding phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), an immune and inflammatory regulatory enzyme. Zhou et. al. reported a novel de novo variant in c.2120C>A nucleotide (p.Ser707Tyr) in the SH2 domain of exon 20 with constitutive activation of PlCy2 in the only two previously reported cases. They described a constellation of features including recurrent intermittent rashes and infections, arthralgias, ocular inflammation, and mild immunodeficiency.

Controversial Issues In Vitiligo patients: a review of old and recent treatments

Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma

Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Biphasic Amyloidosis involved in the face: Effective Treatment with 30% Salicylic Acid

Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Development of hidradenitis suppurativa in a patient treated with ustekinumab for her psoriasis: a potential paradox reaction?

Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Acquired disorders with hypopigmentation: A clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment

Acquired hypopigmented skin changes are commonly encountered by dermatologists. Although hypopigmentation is often asymptomatic and benign, occasional serious and disabling conditions present with cutaneous hypopigmentation. A thorough history and physical examination, centered on disease distribution and morphological findings, can aid in delineating the causes of acquired hypopigmented disorders. Part II of this two-part series focuses on conditions with a hypopigmented phenotype. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of these disorders can improve a patient's quality of life, halt disease progression, and prevent irreversible disability.

Acquired disorders with depigmentation: A systematic approach to vitiliginoid conditions

Acquired disorders with depigmentation are commonly encountered by dermatologists and present with a wide differential diagnosis. Vitiligo, the most common disorder of acquired depigmentation, is characterized by well-defined depigmented macules and patches. Other conditions, such as chemical leukoderma, can present with similar findings, and are often easily mistaken for vitiligo. Key clinical features can help differentiate between acquired disorders of depigmentation. Part I of this two-part series focuses on conditions with a vitiligo-like phenotype.

In regards to Girard et a.l Occurrence of vismodegib-induced cramps (muscular spasms) in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma: A prospective study in 30 patients

Necrolytic migratory erythema (glucagonoma syndrome) associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor presenting with superimposed cellulitis

Introduction: Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a paraneoplastic dermatologic phenomenon classically associated with glucagon-producing tumors from the pancreatic alpha cells. It is characterized by an abnormally elevated blood level of glucagon and skin findings of NME in the setting of glucagon-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Erythematous scaly lesions with centrifugal growth commonly on perineum, distal extremities, lower abdomen, and face characterize the clinical appearance of the disease.

Detection of high‐grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma in the upper aerodigestive tract: recommendations for optimal use and interpretation of Narrow Band Imaging

Clinical Otolaryngology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

A mixed methods study of the management of hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children with Down syndrome

Clinical Otolaryngology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Intra‐strain Variability in the Effects of Temperature on UV‐B Sensitivity of Cyanobacteria

Photochemistry and Photobiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Valaciclovir: a culprit drug for DRESS not to be neglected. Three cases

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Oral propranolol in the treatment of proliferating infantile haemangiomas: British Society for Paediatric Dermatology consensus guidelines

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page 582-589, September 2018.

Image Gallery: Wyburn–Mason syndrome with a chronic wound

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e134-e134, September 2018.

Core outcome sets in dermatology: next steps

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page 549-550, September 2018.

Applying the phenotype approach for rosacea to practice and research

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e148-e148, September 2018.

Issue Information

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page i-vi, September 2018.

Cost‐effectiveness of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e144-e144, September 2018.

异位性皮肤压力源对NMF和皮肤细胞因子的作用

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e160-e160, September 2018.

Effect of atopic skin stressors on NMFs and skin cytokines

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e145-e145, September 2018.

Is methotrexate an effective and safe treatment for maintaining hair regrowth in people with alopecia totalis? A critically appraised topic

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e147-e147, September 2018.

BSPD guidelines for treatment of IH with propranolol

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e146-e146, September 2018.

奥马珠单抗治疗自发慢性荨麻疹的成本效益

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e159-e159, September 2018.

使用普萘洛尔治疗IH的BSPD指南

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e161-e161, September 2018.

Subtyping, phenotyping or endotyping rosacea: how can we improve disease understanding and patient care?

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page 551-552, September 2018.

皮肤癣菌病和STAT3突变

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e158-e158, September 2018.

New therapeutics for itch in dermatomyositis

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page 559-560, September 2018.

人体测量因素和Breslow厚度

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e157-e157, September 2018.

Improvements in quality of life and work productivity make omalizumab cost‐effective for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page 562-563, September 2018.

润肤剂和局部糖皮质激素治疗成人湿疹

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 179, Issue 3, Page e156-e156, September 2018.

Alopecia areata and overt thyroid diseases: A nationwide population‐based study

The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

European photopatch test baseline series: A 3‐year experience

Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.

Comparison of oxidative stress on DNA, protein and lipids in patients with actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma

The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

Acquisition of resistance to vemurafenib leads to interleukin‐10 production through an aberrant activation of Akt in a melanoma cell line

The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

Intestinal barrier integrity in patients with plaque psoriasis

The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

Sustained onabotulinumtoxinA therapeutic benefits in patients with chronic migraine over 3 years of treatment

Evidence on whether the therapeutic effect and good safety profile of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) in chronic migraine (CM) patients is maintained over long term treatment is still limited. We herein aimed at a...

Analogical Cognition: an Insight into Word Meaning

Abstract

Analogical cognition, extensively researched by Dedre Gentner and her colleagues over the past thirty five years, has been described as the core of human cognition, and it characterizes our use of many words. This research provides significant insight into the nature of word meaning, but it has been ignored by linguists and philosophers of language. I discuss some of the implications of the research for our account of word meaning. In particular, I argue that the research points to, and helps account for, a key explanatory role that linguistic meaning must play. The research also shows how words contribute to thought as opposed to merely being a means of conveying thought.

Exertional heat illness: knowledge and behavior among construction workers

Abstract

Construction workers are considered one of the most vulnerable health group workers. Exertional heat illness (EHI) is a well-recognized health hazard that causes significant sickness and death. The purpose of this study was to assess construction workers' environment and hydration status and to evaluate the effect of health education program on workers. An interventional study was conducted on 89 construction workers in Port Said City. Assessments of workplace environment and workers' hydration status were done by using workplace evaluation checklist, wet-bulb globe temperature, urine specific gravity, and urine color chart. A pre-post-test design was used in the evaluation of workers' knowledge and behavior regarding EHI. A health education program was conducted to improve workers' knowledge and behavior; then, evaluation was done after 1 month. The most reported symptoms of heat illness were sweating (100.0%), dizziness (98.0%), and muscle pain (82.0%). Most workers showed signs of minimal dehydration (78.7%). There was a significant improvement in workers' knowledge about EHI and behavioral action for prevention after health education. Construction workers are at high risk of exposure to EHI which raised the attention to provide educational programs which can guide workers to follow healthy behaviors and prevent EHI.

Analysis of soil risk characteristics by comprehensive assessment in an industrial area of China

Abstract

Soil pollution in industrial areas poses a major challenge for China's environmental protection. In this study, comprehensive assessment methodologies for soil risk in industrial areas were developed. The comprehensive assessment covered ecological and human health risks of soil pollution, as well as vulnerability of different types of risk receptors. Comprehensive ecological risk assessment integrated potential ecological risk assessment and landscape vulnerability assessment. Comprehensive social risk assessment specialized human health risk assessment by introducing spatial distribution of population. A typical industrial area in China was studied, and the quantitative and spatial assessments of the comprehensive soil risk were presented. The results showed that the spatial distribution of soil comprehensive ecological and social risks differed. High-risk areas of soil comprehensive ecological risk in the study area were mainly farmlands and nature reserves. Inhabited areas and industrial zones were less affected by comprehensive ecological risk of soil. By contrast, the spatial distribution of soil comprehensive social risk and human activities showed a clear trend of convergence. Vulnerability assessment of the risk receptors provided a suitable complement to the risk assessment of soil pollution.

Rice single cropping or ratooning agro-system: which one is more environment-friendly?

Abstract

Sustainable development of food production depends on damping the environmental impacts of agricultural production. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental performance of rice production in single crop and ratooning (main rice + ratoon crop) agro-systems through life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in Guilan province, Northern Iran, in 2015. The flooding irrigation regime was the dominant irrigation method for single cropping system and main crop rising in ratooning agro-system. The data were gathered through a face to face interview with 215 single crop and 115 ratoon breeder paddy farmers. The environmental risks were determined in six impact categories including global warming, terrestrial eutrophication, acidification, and depletion of fossil fuels, phosphate, and potash resources. The functional unit (FU) was set as 100 kg protein. Results indicated that the CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ emissions of the rice ratooning agro-system (661.44, 1.96, and 5.42 kg 100 kg⁻¹ protein) were less than the corresponding values in the rice single cropping agro-system (1341.63, 2.88, and 9.20 kg 100 kg⁻¹ protein, respectively). Among all the environmental impact categories, the terrestrial eutrophication had the widest negative environmental effect followed by depletion of phosphate resources in single cropping agro-system with weighted indices of 0.51 and 0.41, respectively. Moreover, the terrestrial eutrophication had the largest negative environmental effect followed by acidification in rice ratooning agro-system with weighted indices of 0.48 and 0.29, respectively. Overall, the results highlighted that the rice ratooning ago-system is more environmentally beneficial than the single cropping system, particularly in terms of depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, and depletion of phosphate and potash resources categories. This priority may be improved through adopting proper management of agronomic practices for main and ratoon rice in ratooning agro-system.

Graphical abstract

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Efficacy of an agonist of α‐MSH, the palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐20, in hair pigmentation

International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Size and Substitution Effect on Antimicrobial Activity of Polythiophene Polyelectrolyte Derivatives Under Photolysis and Dark Conditions

Photochemistry and Photobiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Extension of mandatory health insurance to informal sector workers in Togo

About 90.4% of Togolese workers operate in the informal sector and account for between 20 and 30% of Togo's Gross Domestic Product. Despite their importance in the Togolese economy, informal sector workers (IS...

Building General Knowledge of Mechanisms in Information Security

Abstract

We show how more general knowledge can be built in information security, by the building of knowledge of mechanism clusters, some of which are multifield. By doing this, we address in a novel way the longstanding philosophical problem of how, if at all, we come to have knowledge that is in any way general, when we seem to be confined to particular experiences. We also address the issue of building knowledge of mechanisms by studying an area that is new to the mechanisms literature: the methods of what we shall call mechanism discovery in information security. This domain offers a fascinating novel constellation of challenges for building more general knowledge. Specifically, the building of stable communicable mechanistic knowledge is impeded by the inherent changeability of software, which is deployed by malicious actors constantly changing how their software attacks, and also by an ineliminable secrecy concerning the details of attacks not just by attackers (black hats), but also by information security defenders (white hats) as they protect their methods from both attackers and commercial competitors. We draw out ideas from the work of the mechanists Darden, Craver, and Glennan to yield an approach to how general knowledge of mechanisms can be painstakingly built. We then use three related examples of active research problems from information security (botnets, computer network attacks, and malware analysis) to develop philosophical thinking about building general knowledge using mechanisms, and also apply this to develop insights for information security. We show that further study would be instructive both for practitioners (who might welcome the help in conceptualizing what they do) and for philosophers (who will find novel insights into building general knowledge of a highly changeable domain that has been neglected within philosophy of science).

Assessing temporal-spatial land use simulation effects with CLUE-S and Markov-CA models in Beijing

Abstract

In order to solve the problem of extensive land use in rural residential areas and promote the construction of a new socialist countryside and farmland protection, it is important to graspe the temporal and spatial evolution of rural settlements. In this study, with Beijing as an example, the efficiencies of CLUE-S and Markov-CA models in simulating spatial temporal evolution of rural residential areas are analyzed. With 14 driving factors chosen, the land uses in Beijing in 2000 and 2005 are simulated and predicted using the two models. Grid size of 220 m × 220 m is used. The accuracies and Kappa coefficients of the simulation and prediction results are analyzed and the following conclusions are made. The core part of CLUE-S model is logistic regression, which grants it obvious advantage in capturing the trends of land use changes with more discrete distributions. Meanwhile, Markov-CA model takes neighborhood into consideration, making it relatively more advantageous in simulating and predicting changes of land uses with the character of nearest-neighbor diffusion. However, among various land uses, only urban land use has this character, the correct prediction rates of the CLUE-S model in 2000 and 2005 were 60.99% and 81.35%, respectively, while the accuracy of the Markov-CA model prediction was 51.33% and 73.68%, and it is the main reason that CLUE-S model returns better simulation and prediction results of rural residential areas for both 2000 and 2005 than Markov-CA model.

The TiO 2 (B) nano-belts with excellent performance prepared via alkaline stirring hydrothermal method and its application to remove 17α-ethynylestradiol

Abstract

In this work, TiO₂ (B) nano-belts were synthesized by hydrothermal method under stirring, and static conditions and preparation conditions were optimized. The prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and N₂ adsorption/desorption measurement. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by removing synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), which is the most potent endocrine-disrupting chemical. The results show that the TiO₂ nano-belt possesses pure metastable monoclinic TiO₂ (B) and has uniform nano-belt shape with 80~120-nm diameters and 62.904 m² g⁻¹ of specific surface area. Under the best optimal preparation conditions (0.5 g P25, 20 mL 10 mol L⁻¹ NaOH, hydrothermal temperature 180 °C for 18 h under stirring, 400 °C calcination for 2 h), the TiO₂ (B) has better catalytic activity with 100.00% removal rate towards 3 mg L⁻¹ EE2 in 120 min. The removal rates of EE2 over catalyst which was prepared under static condition and P25 are 74.66% and 70.71%, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation rate constant of TiO₂ (B) prepared under stirring condition (0.0379 min⁻¹) is 4.51 times and 8.42 times than those of TiO₂ prepared under static condition (0.0084 min⁻¹) and P25 (0.0045 min⁻¹). The excellent photocatalytic activity is mainly ascribed to longer one-dimensional nano-belt structure and effective suppression of photo-produced electron-hole.

NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

Clinical &Experimental Immunology, EarlyView.

Accumulation, translocation, and assessment of heavy metals in the soil-rice systems near a mine-impacted region

Abstract

Paddy rice is considered as a main source for human exposure to heavy metal contamination due to its efficient accumulation of heavy metals especially when cultivated in contaminated fields. In the current study, rice grains, straws, roots, and rhizosphere paddy soils were collected from Changsha, a non-ferrous mine-impacted area in China. Heavy metals including Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ba, and Pb in the samples were determined using ICP-MS. The heavy metal concentrations were found in the ascending order of grain < straw < root < paddy soil except As and Cd. Rice root is a main organ to retain As and Cd through chelation and adsorption. The translocation behaviors of the heavy metals in the soil-rice system were investigated through bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF). Similar variation tendencies to decrease BF_p-r (translocation from paddy soil to root) and TF_s-g (translocation from straw to grain) associated with TF_r-s (translocation from root to straw) increasing were observed for most of the heavy metals due to heavy metal detoxification and stress tolerance in rice. The potential adverse effects caused by long-term exposure to heavy metals from rice consumption were evaluated via the target hazard quotient. The results indicated potential health risk to human from exposure to Mn, As, and Cd.

Complication of AQUAfilling ® Gel Injection for Breast Augmentation: Case Report of One Case and Review of Literature

Abstract

Introduction

Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the most popular aesthetic operations in the world. In Korea, one of the fillers used for breast augmentation is AQUAfilling^® gel (Biomedica. spol, s,r,o, Czech Republic). AQUAfilling^® gel is a hydrophilic gel composed of 98% sodium chloride solution (0.9%) and 2% cation copolyamide.

Methods

This is a case report describing a patient that suffered complications after AQUAfilling^® gel injection for breast augmentation.

Results

A 32-year-old female patient was referred to our plastic surgery department with a chief complaint of repeated wound dehiscence and fluid discharge involving both breasts. She was treated via surgical intervention for removal of necrotic infected tissue and filler, as well as massive irrigation three times. After the third surgery, there were no complications, including infection or dehiscence, during a 1-year follow-up period.

Conclusions

Although AQUAfilling^® gel is easy to inject and is natural looking, once a complication occurs, treatment is difficult. Also, there are concerns regarding toxicity of the gel material and its influence on surrounding tissues. Hence, sufficient evidences of long-term safety must be accumulated and proved, until which time the aesthetic use of the unapproved filler must be restricted.

Level of Evidence V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Experience of Immediate Ambulation and Early Discharge After Tumescent Anesthesia and Propofol Infusion in Cosmetic Breast Augmentation

Is Latin America Ready to Identify Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Breast Implants Patients? Regional Encounter During the National Plastic Surgery Meeting in Cancun, Mexico

Abstract

Introduction

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implants is receiving increased attention. Most cases have been reported in Europe, North America (USA and Canada), Australia and New Zealand. Fewer cases have been reported in Latin America (including Mexico), Africa and Asia.

Methods

This report was delivered during our national plastic surgery meeting in Cancun in May 2017. Before the meeting, two participants reviewed the literature. The review was performed using the following information sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Fisterra, Google Scholar and LILACS, with entries from 1980 to August 2015 in several languages (English, Spanish, French and Portuguese). The results were revealed during the meeting to the other participants. The consensus was divided into two parts. The first part included an open-ended question regarding the incidence and prevalence of the problem. The second part included clinical scenarios with different items that were rated by the participants. After this activity, accordance among the responses was evaluated.

Results

Seven cases were reported during the meeting (3 from Mexico, 3 from Chile and 1 from Argentina). Fifty percent of the participants reported consulting with guidelines and clinical centers to help with potential cases. Most agreed that further studies must be done in cases of chronic seroma where the capsule plays an important role.

Discussion

A current debate exists about the incidence of this problem in Latin America because we did not report the same number of cases as Europe, Australia or North America. More studies are required to determine the differences among reports in Latin America.

Conclusion

Most representatives agreed that further studies must be done. Concern is increasing, and the problem is known. Other factors involved may be considered, and the problem must not be ignored.

No Level Assigned

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Commentary on: Medial Osteoectomy as a Routine Procedure in Rhinoplasty: Six-Year Experience with an Innovative Technique

Brazilian Consensus Recommendation on the Use of Polymethylmethacrylate Filler in Facial and Corporal Aesthetics

Abstract

Background

Considering that aesthetic benefits can be obtained with the use of permanent filling materials, this work focuses on the development of a consensus regarding the facial and corporal use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) filler in Brazil.

Methods

A questionnaire regarding PMMA treatment, which included items on the main indication, application site, volume of product applied, criteria for selection of the material, complications, contraindications, and individual professional experience, was distributed to the Expert Group members. In addition, the responses were summarized, constituting the starting point for the debate regarding the use of PMMA-based fillers on The First Brazilian PMMA Symposium to create a guideline to be followed in PMMA facial and corporal treatments.

Results

This survey involved 87,371 cases. PMMA treatment is recommended for restorative and aesthetic purposes in facial and corporal cases, particularly for facial balance. PMMA 30% filler is recommended in specific facial sites (nose, mentum, mandible angle, zygomatic arc, and malar). PMMA filler is contraindicated in other sites (lips) regardless of concentration. With regard to facial treatment, the juxtaperiostal is the application plane most recommended. For PMMA corporal application, intramuscular is the application plane most indicated, while intradermal and justadermal planes are contraindicated. The submuscular plane application is relative to PMMA filler concentration. The experts also inquired regarding the amount of PMMA recommended in each corporal site (50 mL in the calf, 100–150 mL in the gluteal region).

Conclusion

These recommendations provide a guideline for physicians, supporting them to perform safe and efficacious treatment with PMMA fillers.

Level of Evidence V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Response to Comments Made on “Alternative Rhinoplasty Technique: Rotational Spreader Flap (Rabbit Flap)”

Six-Position, Frontal View Photography in Blepharoplasty: A Simple Method

Abstract

Background

Photography plays a pivotal role in patient education, photo-documentation, preoperative planning and postsurgical evaluation in plastic surgeries. It has long been serving as a bridge that facilitated communication not only between patients and doctors, but also among plastic surgeons from different countries. Although several basic principles and photographic methods have been proposed, there is no internationally accepted photography that could provide both static and dynamic information in blepharoplasty. In this article, we introduced a novel six-position, frontal view photography for thorough assessment in blepharoplasty.

Methods

From October 2013 to January 2017, 1068 patients who underwent blepharoplasty were enrolled in our clinical research. All patients received six-position, frontal view photography. Pictures were taken of the patients looking up, looking down, squeezing, smiling, looking ahead and with closed eyes. Conventionally, frontal view photography only contained the last two positions. Then, both novel six-position photographs and conventional two-position photographs were used to appraise postsurgical outcomes.

Results

Compared to conventional two-position, frontal view photography, six-position, frontal view photography can provide more detailed, thorough information about the eyes. It is of clinical significance in indicating underlying adhesion of skin/muscle/fat according to individual's features and assessing preoperative and postoperative dynamic changes and aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusion

Six-position, frontal view photography is technically uncomplicated while exhibiting static, dynamic and detailed information of the eyes. This innovative method is favorable in eye assessment, especially for revision blepharoplasty. We suggest using six-position, frontal view photography to obtain comprehensive photographs.

Level of Evidence V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Cavernous Hemangioma Between the Elastomer and Fibrous Capsule of a Breast Implant

Abstract

Hemangiomas are described in many locations, but breast hemangioma (BH) is rare, accounting for only 0.4% of all breast tumors. These tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively using conventional imaging modalities because they lack pathognomonic characteristics. Mammographic and sonographic appearances of BH were described in just a few case reports, and breast implant-related hemangiomas are even rarer. We report a case of the tumor arising in an atypical location—between the elastomer and fibrous capsule of a breast implant.

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Weiße Papeln an Stirn, Wangen und retroaurikulär

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