Comprehensive Role of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Glycoprotein in Regulating Host Signaling Pathway

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comprehensive Role of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Glycoprotein in Regulating Host Signaling Pathway Via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, global public health and the economy have suffered unprecedented damage. Based on the increasing related literatures, the characters and pathogenic mechanisms of the virus, epidemiological and clinical features of the disease are rapidly discovered. The spike glycoprotein (S protein), as a key antigen of SARS-CoV-2 for developing vaccines, antibodies, and drug targets, has been shown to play an important role in viral entry, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of interaction between S protein and host factors, especially receptor-mediated viral modulation of host signaling pathways, and highlight the progression on potential therapeutic targets, prophylactic and therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by c opyright. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Efficacy of the systemic co-administration of vitamin D3 in reversing the inhibitory effects of sodium alendronate on orthodontic tooth movement: A preliminary experimental animal study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Efficacy of the systemic co-administration of vitamin D3 in reversing the inhibitory effects of sodium alendronate on orthodontic tooth movement: A preliminary experimental animal study Via American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Publication date: Available online 29 April 2022 Source: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Author(s): Mehrnaz Moradinejad, Marzie Yazdi, Seyed Ali Mard, Seyed Mohammad Razavi, Milad Shamohammadi, Fatemeh Shahsanaei, Vahid Rakhshan View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The effectiveness of esketamine and propofol versus dezocine and propofol sedation during gastroscopy: A randomized controlled study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The effectiveness of esketamine and propofol versus dezocine and propofol sedation during gastroscopy: A randomized controlled study Via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics This is a flow diagram showing enrollment of participants. A total of 102 patients were enrolled in this study from October to November 2021, 15 patients were excluded, and 87 patients were randomly assigned to receive esketamine or dezocine, but 83 patients completed the study finally (esketamine group n = 42, dezocine group n = 41). Abstract What Is Known and Objective Propofol is widely used in painless gastroscopy. However, sedation with propofol alone might increase the risk of respiratory and circulatory complications. This randomized clinical study compares the efficacy and safety of esketamine or dezocine combined with intravenous (IV) propofol in patients undergoing gastroscopy. Methods A total of 102 patients were enrolled in this study and randomized into two groups. All patients were adults aged 18–64 years who underwent upper gastrointestinal gastroscopy. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups to receive esketamine (0.3 mg/kg) combined with propofol (group E) or dezocine (0.05 mg/kg) combined with propofol (group D). In both groups, the drugs were administered intravenously. The primary outcome was the dose of propofol which provided a satisfactory sedative effect, both to the endoscopist and the patients. Secondary outcomes included recovery time, side effects (such as hypotension, nausea and vomiting and agitation), and the number of adverse circulatory and respiratory events. Results Data of 83 patients were analysed in the present study. Dosage of propofol required in group E (1.44 mg/kg ± 0.67 mg/kg) was significantly lower compared with that in group D (2.12 mg/kg ± 0.37 mg/kg) (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in recovery time, side effects, and the frequency of sedation-related adverse events between the two groups. What Is New and Conclusion The study indicates that intravenous injection of propofol and esmketamine is more effective for gastroscopy. Use of esketamine reduces the total amount of propofol required in ASA I–II patients undergoing gastroscopy compared with single use of dezocine. It also provides more stable hemodynamics, without affecting the recovery time and side effects such as respiratory and circulatory adverse events. Trial Registration The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn; registration number: ChiCTR2100051814) on 05/10/2021. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Level Ib CTV delineation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on lymph node distribution and topographic anatomy

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Level Ib CTV delineation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on lymph node distribution and topographic anatomy Via radiotheraphy Publication date: Available online 29 April 2022 Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology Author(s): Yue Zhao, Xiongfei Liao, Yiling Wang, Wanying Lan, Jing Ren, Ningjing Yang, Churong Li, Jingyi Lang, Shichuan Zhang View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Verapamil down‐regulates iron uptake and up‐regulates divalent metal transporter 1 expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Verapamil down‐regulates iron uptake and up‐regulates divalent metal transporter 1 expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes Via Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Abstract Belgrade rats have a defect in divalent metal transport 1 (DMT1) with a reduced heart iron, indicating that DMT1 plays a physiological role in non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) uptake by cardiomyocytes. However, LVDCC (L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel) blockers were recently demonstrated to significantly reduce NTBI uptake by cardiomyocytes, implying that LVDCC plays a dominant role in NTBI uptake by cardiomyocytes under iron-overloaded conditions. These findings led us to hypothesize that the LVDCC blocker-induced reduction in NTBI uptake might result not only from the inhibition of LVDCC-mediated NTBI uptake but also from the suppression of DMT1-mediated NTBI uptake. We therefore investigated the effects of the LVDCC blocker verapamil on NTBI uptake as well as DMT1 expression in H9C2 cells by the measurement of radio-labeled 55Fe(II), RT-PCR and western blot analysis. We demonstrated that verapamil induced a significant reduction in NTBI uptake by H9C2 cells, but also unexpectedly a remarkable increase rather than decrease in the expression of DMT1 mRNA and protein in H9C2 cells. Our findings imply that the verapamil-induced reduction in NTBI uptake by H9C2 cells is not associated with DMT1, and also indicate that verapamil stimulates rather than inhibits DMT1 expression and DMT1–mediated iron uptake by heart cells. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

HIV is associated with elevated FibroScan-AST (FAST) score

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader HIV is associated with elevated FibroScan-AST (FAST) score Via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background & Aims Whether HIV infection is associated with the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. The FibroScan-AST (FAST) score was developed to identify patients who have histologic NASH with high nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS≥4) and significant liver fibrosis (≥F2), which has been associated with higher risk of end-stage liver disease. We examined whether HIV infection is associated with elevated FAST score in a large United States (US) cohort. Approach Vibration controlled transient elastography was performed in 1309 women without history of chronic viral hepatitis enrolled from 10 US sites: 928 women living with HIV (WLWH) and 381 women living without HIV (WLWOH). We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations of HIV, demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic factors with an elevated (>0.35) FAST score. Results Median age of WLWH and WLWOH was 51 years and 48 years, respectively. Most (90%) WLWH were on antiretroviral therapy and 72% had undetectable HIV RNA. Prevalence of elevated FAST score was higher among WLWH compared to WLWOH, 6.3% vs 1.8% (p=0.001). On multivariable analysis, HIV infection was associated with 3.7-fold higher odds of elevated FAST score (p=0.002) and greater waist circumference (per 10 cm) was associated with 1.7-fold higher odds (p<0.001). In analysis limited to WLWH, undetectable HIV RNA and current protease inhibitor use were independently associated with lower odds of elevated FAST score. Conclusions Our findings suggest that HIV is an independent risk factor for NASH with significant activity and fibrosis. Studies validating FAST score in persons living with HIV are warranted. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against the Omicron Variant

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against the Omicron Variant Via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background The current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may be less effective against the Omicron variant. With recent resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 cases, the role of booster doses of the vaccine needs to be highlighted. Methods Using a retrospective cohort study design emulating a target trial, we determined the relative effectiveness of a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine compared with primary series alone in preventing infection, hospitalization, a nd intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death in the Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system in the US. Among infection-free survivors who received two doses of an mRNA vaccine prior to April 30, 2021, we identified those who received a booster between September 22 and December 25, 2021 and 1:1 matched individuals who did not receive a booster. Results Among 2,384,272 previously uninfected persons with two doses of an mRNA vaccine by April 30, 2021, we identified 462,950 booster recipients between September 22 and December 25, 2021 who were matched 1:1 with non-booster recipients. RVE (95% CI) was 19% (17-22%) for confirmed infection, 52% (46-57%) for hospitalization, and 83% (65-92%) for ICU admission or death. Recipients of the mRNA-1273 vaccine had a lower cumulative incidence of infections and hospitalizations compared with BNT-162b2 vaccine (log-rank p-value <0.001 for both comparisons). Conclusion While the RVE of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster vacci ne dose in preventing infection against the Omicron variant is low, the RVE is substantial in preventing hospitalization and high in preventing the most severe/critical disease. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Investigating the efficacy of attentional bias modification on individuals with spider phobia through the emotional attention network test

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Investigating the efficacy of attentional bias modification on individuals with spider phobia through the emotional attention network test Via Journal of Clinical Psychology Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the attention network function of spider phobics before and after attentional bias modification (ABM) through conduction of an emotional attention network test (eANT). Methods Scores from an eANT, an approach–avoidance task, and various scales were used to examine the training effect of a single ABM session among participants (30 individuals with spider phobia and 30 controls). Results At baseline, alertness scores in response to spider images were higher in the phobia group than in the control group (x̄ = 51.81 vs. 30.35 ms). After ABM, this score decreased in the phobia group, indicating their lower susceptibility to distraction by images of spiders. However, ABM training did not considerably alleviate their fear of and avoidance behavior toward spiders. Conclusion This study elucidates the (1) vigilance–avoidance pattern among individuals with spider phobia when encountering spider-related stimuli and (2) change in underlying attentional mechanisms after ABM training. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Incidence, etiology, risk factors and outcomes of pre‐engraftment bloodstream infections after first and second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Incidence, etiology, risk factors and outcomes of pre‐engraftment bloodstream infections after first and second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation Via Transplant Infectious Disease Abstract Introduction With increasing number of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (allo-HCT) bloodstream infections (BSI) are still among the most common and serious complications. This study aimed to analyze the incidence, etiology, risk factors, and outcomes of pre-engraftment BSI after the first and the second allo-HCT. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study of 284 patients who underwent first allo-HCT and 37 patients after the second allo-HCT at the National Research Center for Hematology in Moscow, Russia, from January 2018 till September 2021. Results Cumulative incidence of pre-engraftment BSI was 29.9% after the first allo-HCT and 35.1% after the second (p = 0,805). Median time to the first BSI was 9 days (range 0–61 days) after the first and 16 days (range 1–28 days) after the second allo-HCT (p = 0.014). A total of 113 pathogens were isolated during 94 BSI episodes after the first allo-HCT (gram-negative bacteria 52.2%; gram-positive bacteria 47.7%). Fourteen pathogens were isolated during 14 BSI episodes after the second allo-HCT (gram-negative bacteria 50.0%; gram-positive bacteria 50.0%). The only significant difference was found in the rate of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, which was higher after the second allo-HCT compared to the first (57.1% vs. 13.6%; p = 0.048). Mismatched unrelated donor (HR 3.01; 95% CI:1.62-5.60; p<0.0001) and haploidentical donor transplantations (HR 1.84; 95% CI:1.02-3.33; p = 0.042) were the only independent risk factors associated with the higher risk of pre-engraftment BSI. Overall 30-day survival after all BSI episodes was 94.4%,. Survival was lower after BSI during the second allo-HCT compared to the first (71.4% vs. 97.9%; p<0,0001), particularly after BSI caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (25.0% vs. 100.0%; p = 0.0023). Non-relapse mortality rate at day +60 was 4.0%, and the risk was highly associated with primary graft failure (HR 9.62; 95% CI: 1.33-71.43), second allo-HCT (HR 6.80; 95% CI: 1.36-34.48), and pre-engraftment BSI caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (HR 32.11; 95% CI: 4.91-210.15). Conclusions Pre-engraftment BSI is still a common complication after allo-HCT, particularly after mismatched unrelated and haploidentical donor transplantations. BSI incidence was slightly higher after the second allo-HCT with significantly higher rate of carbapenem-resistant BSI. Although pre-engraftment BSI would generally follow benign clinical course, survival was dramatically lower during the second allo-HCT especially after carbapenem-resistant BSI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Clinical evaluation of the GSD NovaPrime® SARS-CoV-2 RTq-PCR assay

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical evaluation of the GSD NovaPrime® SARS-CoV-2 RTq-PCR assay Via ScienceDirect Publication: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease Publication date: Available online 3 May 2022 Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease Author(s): Marie Tré-Hardy, Sébastien Piteüs, Ingrid Beukinga, Laurent Blairon View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Vocal fold fibroblasts promote angiogenesis in vocal fold leukoplakia by secreting pro-angiogenic factors

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Vocal fold fibroblasts promote angiogenesis in vocal fold leukoplakia by secreting pro-angiogenic factors Via ScienceDirect Publication: Auris Nasus Larynx Publication date: Available online 2 May 2022 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx Author(s): Yinying Chu, Yi Fang, Haitao Wu, Jian Chen, Lei Cheng View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

COVID-19: Τι είναι το πρωτεϊνικό εμβόλιο της Novavax

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader COVID-19: Τι είναι το πρωτεϊνικό εμβόλιο της Novavax Via HealthyLiving.gr Ιατροί της Θεραπευτικής Κλινικής της Ιατρικής Σχολής του ΕΚΠΑ συνοψίζουν τα στοιχεία που ξέρουμε για το πρωτεϊνικό εμβόλιο Novavax (Nuvaxovid) που έγινε πρόσφατα διαθέσιμο στη χώρα μας. Τρόπος παρασκευής: Το NVX-CoV2373 είναι ένα εμβόλιο υπομονάδας που κατασκευάζεται από μια σταθεροποιημένη μορφή της πρωτεϊνικής ακίδας S του SARS-CoV-2 με τη χρήση τεχνολογίας νανοσωματιδίων. Τα συγκεκριμένα πρωτεϊνικά αντιγόνα που εμπεριέχονται στο εμβόλιο δεν μπορούν να αναπαραχθούν ή να προκαλέσουν COVID-19. Το εμβόλιο περιέχει επίσης ένα ανοσοενισχυτικό ώστε να ενισχύσει την ανταπόκριση του ανοσοποιητικού συστήματος και τη δημιουργία ανοσιακής μνήμης. Μια εφάπαξ δόση εμβολίου περιέχει 5 μικρογραμμάρια (mcg) πρωτεΐνης και 50 mcg ανοσοενισχυτικού. Τρόπος χορήγησης και αποθήκευσης: Το NVX-CoV2373 χορηγείται με ένεση σε υγρή μορφή και μπορεί να αποθηκευτεί και να διανεμηθεί σε συνήθεις θερμοκρασίες ψυγείου (1,7°C έως 7,5°C), χωρίς να απαιτείται βαθιά κατάψυξη. Το εμβόλιο χορηγείται ως δύο ενδομυϊκές ενέσεις σε απόσταση 21 ημερών (3 εβδομάδες). Οι ανοσοκατεσταλμένοι ασθενείς μπορεί να έχουν μειωμένη ανοσολογική ανταπόκριση στον εμβολιασμό και γι΄ αυτό είναι υποψήφιοι για χορήγηση αναμνηστικής δόσης. Το εμβόλιο Novavax μπορεί να συνδυαστεί με άλλα εγκεκριμένα εμβόλια, αν και η διαδικασία συλλογής δεδομένων για την αποτελεσματικότητα αυτής της στρατηγικής είναι σε εξέλιξη. Προκαταρκτικά δεδομένα έχουν δείξει ότι η χορήγηση του εμβολίου της Novavax μετά από μια δόση του εμβολίου της AstraZeneca οδηγεί στην παραγωγή υψηλών τίτλων εξουδετερωτικών αντισωμάτων και ιδιαίτερα ισχυρής Τ-ανοσιακής απόκρισης, η οποία υπερτερεί του συνδυασμού δύο δόσεων του εμβολίου της AstraZeneca. Αυτό είναι πολύ σημαντικό καθώς και τα δύο εμβόλια διατηρούνται στη ψύξη και όχι στην κατάψυξη και επομένως είναι ευκολότερη η ευρεία διάθεσή τους χωρίς την ανάγκη ειδικών υποδομών. Κλινική αποτελεσματικότητα: Τα αποτελέσματα κλινικής μελέτης φάσης 3 PREVENT-19 στην οποία συμμετείχαν 29.960 ενήλικες εθελοντές άνω των 18 ετών στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες και το Μεξικό έδειξαν ότι το ερευνητικό εμβόλιο NVX-CoV2373 της Novavax είχε 90,4% αποτελεσματικότητα ως προς την πρόληψη της συμπτωματικής νόσου COVID-19. Ακόμα πιο σημαντικό είναι ότι το νέο εμβόλιο έδειξε 100% προστασία από COVID-19 μέτριας και σοβαρής βαρύτητας. Σε άτομα με υψηλό κίνδυνο εμφάνισης επιπλοκών από τη COVID-19 (άτομα 65 ετών και άνω, άτομα κάτω των 65 ετών με ορισμέ� �ες συννοσηρότητες ή με πιθανή τακτική έκθεση στον SARS-CoV-2), το εμβόλιο έδειξε 91% αποτελεσματικότητα ως προς την πρόληψη της συμπτωματικής νόσου COVID-19. Δεν υπάρχουν διαθέσιμα σαφή στοιχεία για την αποτελεσματικότητα του εμβολίου ως προς το δυναμικό μετάδοσης του SARS-CoV-2. Οι συμμετέχοντες έλαβαν τυχαία με αναλογία 2:1 είτε το νέο εμβόλιο είτε το εικονικό φάρμακο σε δύο δόσεις με απόσταση 21 ημερών. Η κλινική δοκιμή ήταν διπλά τυφλή, δηλαδή ούτε οι ερευνητές ούτε οι συμμετέχοντες ήξεραν ποιος έλαβε το υποψήφιο εμβόλιο. Η μελέτη PREVENT-19 σχεδιάστηκε για να αξιολογήσει εάν το NVX-CoV2373 μπορεί να αποτρέψει τη συμπτωματική νόσο COVID-19 επτά ή περισσότερες ημέρες μετά τη δεύτερη δόση σε σχέση με το εικονικό φάρμακο. Κατά την περίοδο πραγματοποίησης της μελέτης τα κυρίαρχα στελέχη σε αυτές τις χώρες ήταν το Άλφα, το Βήτα και το Δέλτα. Τα δεδομένα για την ακριβή αποτελεσματικότητα έναντι της Όμικρον συλλέγονται τώρα σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Κλινικές μελέτες βρίσκονται σε εξέλιξη για να συλλεχθούν δεδομένα ασφάλειας και ανοσογονικότητας για άτομα ηλικίας κάτω των 18 ετών. Ασφάλεια: Τα δεδομένα ασφαλείας δείχνουν ότι το εμβόλιο Novavax είναι γενικά καλά ανεκτό. Ο ήπιος έως μέτριος πόνος και η ευαισθησία στο σημείο της ένεσης ήταν τα πιο κοινά εντοπισμένα συμπτώματα. Η κόπωση, ο πονοκέφαλος και ο μυϊκός πόνος που κράτησε λιγότερο από δύο ημέρες ήταν τα πιο συνηθισμένα συστηματικά συμπτώματα που εμφάνισαν οι εμβολιασθέντες. Εγκυμοσύνη και Θηλασμός: Σύμφωνα με τον Παγκόσμιο Οργανισμό Υγείας, δεν υπάρχουν διαθέσιμα δεδομένα σχετικά με την ασφάλεια και την αποτελεσματικότητα της χρήσης του εμβολίου Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) σε εγκύους. Ωστόσο, με βάση προηγούμενα στοιχεία από άλλα εμβόλια που βασίζονται σε πρωτεΐνες κατά τη διάρκεια της εγκυμοσύνης, η αποτελεσματικότητα αναμένεται να είναι συγκρίσιμη με τις μη έγκυες γυναίκες παρόμοιας ηλικίας. Ο Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Υγείας συστήνει τη χορήγηση του εμβολίου COVID-19 σε εγκύους όταν τα οφέλη του εμβ ολιασμού υπερτερούν των πιθανών κινδύνων. Καθώς το εμβόλιο Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) δεν περιέχει ζωντανό ιό, είναι βιολογικά και κλινικά απίθανο να ενέχει κίνδυνο για το παιδί που θηλάζει. Αντενδείξεις: Άτομα με ιστορικό αναφυλαξίας σε οποιοδήποτε συστατικό του εμβολίου δεν συστήνεται να το λάβουν. Τα άτομα με ενεργό λοίμωξη COVID-19 δε θα πρέπει να εμβολιάζονται μέχρι να αναρρώσουν και να έχουν ολοκληρώσει την περίοδο της καραντίνας. The post COVID-19: Τι είναι το πρωτεϊνικό εμβόλιο της Novavax appeared first on HealthyLiving.gr. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.