Cell culture of the normal human mammary gland cultivated in monolayer - A mini systematic review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cell culture of the normal human mammary gland cultivated in monolayer - A mini systematic review Via histochem Acta Histochem. 2021 Oct 16;123(8):151798. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151798. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The mammary glands are constituted of different cell types. For example, the epithelial cells appear as the target in many studies since they produce and secrete milk during lactation and are the origin of many human breast cancers. Mammary gland biology is characterized by dynamic tissue growth, function and regression phases, which are understood mainly due to tiss ue culture studies. Cell culture is probably one of the most used in vitro scientific models, and the most common research model is still the two-dimensional (2D) culture system. Different approaches and conditions have been tested and used to improve the isolation, growth, yield and maintenance of viability of mammary gland cells. Therefore, our study aimed to explore and summarize the cell culture techniques with normal human mammary gland cells cultured in a monolayer. A search strategy was conducted using the electronic databases 'PubMed', 'Scopus' and 'Virtual Health Library'. The search was carried out using the keywords 'cell culture' and 'mammary gland' and 'human'. The main search was carried out by two authors between July and August 2021. In addition, we performed a review matrix elaborated in a spreadsheet to organize and systematize information about each article for inclusion. A total of 11 studies were included in the review and have conducted qualitative analyses on them. Although studies of these cells have been reported since the 1970 s, most found are from the last decade and are largely carried out in the USA. In addition, it was possible to verify the Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMEC) primary culture obtained from breast surgery as the main cell type studied. These cells are cultivated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and M87A medium with diverse supplements. Finally, there was a diversity in the use of dissociation reagents and a lack of information about cryopreservation. We have observed detailed methodological information about these study models, which would propose further investigations. PMID:34666236 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151798 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Robotic‐Arm Assisted Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Durable Results up to 7‐Year Follow‐up

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Robotic‐Arm Assisted Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Durable Results up to 7‐Year Follow‐up Via The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery Abstract Background The purpose of our study was to investigate the mid-term clinical and functional outcomes of robotic-arm assisted BiKA. Methods This study reviewed a single-center prospectively maintained cohort of 50 patients (53 knees) who underwent BiKA (patellofemoral and medial compartment) at 5-year and 7- year postoperative follow-up. Results Mean follow up was 7.1±0.1 years (range, 7.0-7.3). Kaplan-Meier survivorship rates at five and seven years were 96% and 93%, respectively. At seven-year follow- up, patient satisfaction was 76% satisfied, 13% neutral, and 11% not satisfied. Mean KSS-FS was 80.5 +/-15.8 (range, 30-100) with 82% of patients reporting walking more than 10 blocks, 89% reporting walking without support, and 100% able to go up and down stairs with 61% requiring use of a rail. Three patients (four knees) underwent revision surgery. Conclusions Our study reported excellent survivorship and functional outcomes, and good-excellent satisfaction at mid-term follow-up for robotic-arm assisted BiKA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The Impact of Upper Lateral Cartilage Release on Patient‐Perceived Nasal Appearance and Obstruction

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Impact of Upper Lateral Cartilage Release on Patient‐Perceived Nasal Appearance and Obstruction Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis Although upper lateral cartilages are commonly released from the dorsum of the septum during spreader graft placement in septorhinoplasty (SRP), there has been a focus on maintaining integrity of connections in the middle vault. Avoiding release of upper lateral cartilages in certain patient groups may represent an early step in this paradigm shift. We aim to assess satisfaction with nasal appearance and correction of nasal obstruction in patients who underwent SRP with spreader graft placement without upper lateral cartilage release and compared it to the traditional upper lateral cartilage release cohort. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 559 patients who underwent SRP with spreader graft placement with upper lateral cartilage release and 30 patients who underwent SRP with spreader graft placement without release between 2012 and 2020 were administered the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), FACE-Q Satisfaction with Nose, and FACE-Q Social Functioning scales pre- and postoperatively. Pre- and postoperative NOSE FACE-Q, and negative inspiratory force (NIF) scores and changes were compared between groups. Results Results demonstrated clinically and statistically significant improvement at follow-up for both groups. There was no significant difference between groups in mean improvement of NOSE, FACE-Q, and NIF scores at time of last follow-up. Conclusion SRP with spreader graft placement with and without upper lateral cartilage release provide clinically and statistically significant improvement, and no significant difference in functional outcome. This suggests that upper lateral cartilages do not need to be released to achieve functional improvement and that surgeons should consider whether release is necessary to achieve goals of surgery. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Demographic Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Demographic Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis Patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are at increased risk of malnutrition. Acute and chronic malnutrition have been associated with elevated risk of postsurgical wound complications, adding morbidity and cost to patients and their families. To study the association between demographic factors, including insurance type, race, and median neighborhood income (MNI), and malnutrition in patients with CLP. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Retrospective review was performed in patients undergoing their first cleft-related surgery at a large tertiary pediatric hospital from 2006 to 2018. Demographic data, weight and height at surgery, type of insurance, race, and primary residential address were collected. Geocoded information on MNI was generated using patient address. World Health Organization Z-scores for weight-for-age (WFA) and height-for-age (HFA) were used as proxies for acute and chronic malnutrition, respectively. Linear regression models were generated to analyze the relationship of insurance type, race, and MNI on WFA and HFA Z-scores. Results About 313 patients met inclusion criteria. Increasing MNI predicted increasing WFA Z-score (0.05 increase in WFA per $1,000 increase, P = .047) as well as HFA Z-score (0.09 increase in HFA per $1,000 increase, P = .011). The effect of MNI was not independently modified by race for either WFA (P = .841) nor HFA (P = .404). Race and insurance type did not predict WFA or HFA. Conclusions Lower MNI is a significant independent risk factor for acute and chronic malnutrition in children with CLP. Combined with previous investigation linking malnutrition to surgical outcomes in this population, this offers a target area for intervention to improve patient outcomes. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The adhesive heterogeneity of different compartments of oral mucosal rete ridges

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The adhesive heterogeneity of different compartments of oral mucosal rete ridges Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Rete ridges play a critical role in maintaining epidermal structure and mechanical properties. Notably, rete ridges can be divided into three compartments: the base, slope, and tip. The present study aims to explore whether these three compartments have distinct adhesive functions. We collected 28 normal masticatory mucosae to prepare paraffin-embedded sections. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent staining were used to analyze the expression pattern of integrin α6 and β4 in different compartments of the rete ridges. To observe whether the different compartments had distinct adhesive forces, dermal-epidermal junction separation experiments were performed by peeling the oral epithelium from the lamina propria after treatment with cold saline for 72 h. The results showed that integrin α6 and β4 prefer the basal layer keratinocytes closely adjacent to the base compartment of the rete ridges. The oral mucosal epithelium separated from the underlying lamina propria at the tip of rete ridges when they were peeled after the cold saline treatment. In conclusion, the adhesive force of the basal layer keratinocytes at the base of the rete ridges is stronger than at the tip. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Role of Nitric Oxide in Regulating Epidermal Permeability Barrier Function

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Role of Nitric Oxide in Regulating Epidermal Permeability Barrier Function Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), regulates multiple cellular functions in a variety of cell types. These NOS, including endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and neural NOS (nNOS), are expressed in keratinocytes. Expression levels of both iNOS and nNOS decrease with aging, and insufficient NO has been linked to the development of a number of disorders such as diabetes and hypertension, and to the severity of atherosclerosis. Conversely, excessive NO levels can induce cellular oxidative stress, but physiological levels of NO are required to maintain the normal functioning of cells, including keratinocytes. NO also regulates cutaneous functions, including epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis and wound healing, through its stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and lipid metabolism. Topical applications of a diverse group of agents which generate nitric oxide (called NO donors) such as S-nitroso-N -acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) can delay permeability barrier recovery in barrier-disrupted skin, but iNOS is still required for epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. This review summarizes the regulatory role that NO plays in epidermal permeability barrier functions and the underlying mechanisms involved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The important role of mechanical microenvironment on macrophages dysfunction during keloid pathogenesis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The important role of mechanical microenvironment on macrophages dysfunction during keloid pathogenesis Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Keloid is considered as a tumor-like skin disease with multiple etiologies including immunological factors and mechanical microenvironment. Macrophages are plastic and diverse immune cells that play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by removing dead cells, debris, pathogens and repairing tissues after inflammation. The imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages and disturbances in macrophage functions can steer the progression of chronic inflammation and lead to the development of pathological fibrosis in keloid disease. Recently, it has been shown that macrophages are sensitive to mechanical signals, especially stretching tension and tissue stiffness, which can determine macrophages polarization and functions. Higher stretching tension is known to be an important pathogenic factor of keloid, and the formation of keloid will lead to an increase in tissue stiffness. As little is known about the underlying reasons of macrophages dysfunction in keloid, an understanding of how the mechanical microenvironment interacting with macrophages and affecting their behaviors may help provide mechanism insights into keloid pathogenesis. We thus hypothesize that the synergistic effect of stretching tension and matrix stiffness may contribute to the major pathophysiological niche attributes of macrophages' in vivo mechanical microenvironment in keloids. These mechanism insights of how macrophages sense and respond to their mechanical microenvironment would propel the development of novel strategies for keloid treatment. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Influence of carpal-ulnar translation on clinical outcome after scaphocapitate arthrodesis for the treatment of late-stage Kienböck disease

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Influence of carpal-ulnar translation on clinical outcome after scaphocapitate arthrodesis for the treatment of late-stage Kienböck disease Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Sep 17:S1748-6815(21)00418-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.08.031. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: This study sought to compare postoperative outcomes after scaphocapitate arthrodesis (SCA) for the treatment of late-stage Kienböck disease according to the amount of ulnar translation of the carpus and to identify surgical factors associated with carpal-ulnar translation. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with Kienböck disease (Lichtman stages III-IV) and treated with SCA were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into the translated group (n=28) and untranslated group (n=11) according to the presence of carpal-ulnar translation. The following surgical factors in the patients were assessed: excision of the lunate, postoperative carpal height ratio, and radioscaphoid angle (RSA). Pain Visual Analog scale (VAS) score, wrist range of motion, grip strength, modified Mayo wrist s core (MMWS), the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score, and progression of radioscaphoid osteoarthritis were also assessed. RESULTS: All patients showed functional improvement after a mean postoperative follow-up period of 40 months (VAS: 4.1 vs. 1.1, p <0.001; grip strength, 42.3 vs. 51.2 lb., p = 0.002; MMWS, 52.6 vs. 69.5, p <0.001; QuickDASH, 33.7 vs. 21.5, p <0.001). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of outcome measures. Among the assessed surgical factors, the mean postoperative RSA was significantly smaller in the translated group than in the untranslated group (34.8° vs. 46.8°, p = 0.008). The proportion of patients with postoperative RSA <30° was significantly higher in the translated group than in the untranslated group (54.5% vs. 0%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that sufficient pain relief and functional improvement can be achieved after SCA for the treatment of late-stage Kienböck disease disregarding the occurrence of carpal-ulnar translation. In this study, overcorrection to RSA <30° induced more frequent carpal-ulnar translation after SCA. PMID:34666943 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.08.031 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Overall survival is improved with total thyroidectomy and radiation for male patients and patients older than 55 with T2N0M0 Stage 1 classic papillary thyroid cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Overall survival is improved with total thyroidectomy and radiation for male patients and patients older than 55 with T2N0M0 Stage 1 classic papillary thyroid cancer Via radioactive iodine Surgery. 2021 Oct 16:S0039-6060(21)00796-0. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.08.025. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: We examine whether surgery extent and radiation administration affect overall survival for cT2N0M0 classic papillary thyroid cancer according to age and sex. METHODS: Patients with cT2N0M0 classic papillary thyroid cancer tumors in the National Cancer Data Base (2004-2016) were selected. Multivariable Cox regression analysis compared patients (combined male + female cohorts) having lobectomy to those having total thyroidectomy with or without radiation (primarily radioactive iodine) for ages: 18 to 45, 46 to 55, and >55 years. In addition, 1:1 propensity score matching and Kaplan-Meier curves with 10-year overall survival estimates, and log-rank test were stratified by age and sex. RESULTS: Lobectomy had equivalent overall survival to total thyroidectomy without and with radiation for patients (combined male + female cohorts) aged 18 to 45 and 46 to 55 years on multivariable analysis. On propensity score matching there was overall survival advantage for total thyroidectomy with radiation over both lobectomy and total thyroidectomy for men (ages 18-90+ combined) and overall survival advantage in patients (combined male + female cohort) aged >55 years having total thyroidectomy with radiation versus lobectomy. On propensity score matching there were no overall survival differences in women (ages 18-90+ combined) or patients (combined male + female cohort) aged 18 to 45 and 46 to 55 years having either lobectomy, total thyroidectomy, or total thyroidectomy with radiation. CONCLUSION: For cT2N0M0 classic papillary thyroid cancer, total thyroidectomy with radiation improves 10-year overall survival for patients (combined male + female cohort) aged >55 years and men (ages 18-90+ combined). PMID:34666913 | DOI:10.1016/j.surg.2021.08.025 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Intranasal Dexmedetomidine increases the successful sedation of children with autism for out-patient auditory brainstem response hearing tests

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Intranasal Dexmedetomidine increases the successful sedation of children with autism for out-patient auditory brainstem response hearing tests Via International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Publication date: Available online 19 October 2021 Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Author(s): Carolina Grau Luque, Cheryl Atkins-Labelle, Julie Pauwels, Rhodri Costello, Frederick K. Kozak, Neil K. Chadha View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

'The Accessory Ethmoidal Canal Does Not Necessarily Contain an Arterial Structure'

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader "The Accessory Ethmoidal Canal Does Not Necessarily Contain an Arterial Structure" Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Oct 19:1455613211049656. doi: 10.1177/01455613211049656. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of our study is to describe the prevalence of the accessory ethmoidal artery in endonasal endoscopic cadaver dissections and to identify its intraorbital origin. Material and Methods: From 2018 to 2020, thirty-four nasal dissections were performed in seventeen adult cadaveric heads. We performed a complete ethmoidectomy to ident ify the ethmoidal canals. Then, we removed the bony canal and the lamina papiracea to verify the injected vessel and to confirm the vascular structure inside the canal. Results: We found the anterior ethmoidal canal (AEC) and the posterior ethmoidal canal (PEC) in 100% of nasal cavities (34/34). We identified 4 accessory ethmoidal canals (AcEC) in the 34 nasal fossae dissected (12%). All AEC contained an arterial vessel. The AcEC contained an arterial vascular structure in 2 cases, a neural structure in other specimen, and in the fourth case no structure could be verified. In 32 of 34 nasal cavities, the PEC contained an artery and only in 2 cases the PEC did not contain any vascular structure. In these specimens, we observed that the AcEC with an arterial vessel inside (6%) was closer to the posterior canal than the anterior canal. Conclusion: According to our findings, we can suggest that the presence of a canal does not necessarily imply the presence of an arterial vessel, and that presence of the accessory ethmoidal artery could be associated with the absence of posterior ethmoidal artery. PMID:34666559 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211049656 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.