Garlic ( Allium sativum ) exhibits a cardioprotective effect in experimental chronic renal failure rat model by reducing oxidative stress and controlling cardiac Na + /K + -ATPase activity and Ca 2+ levels

Abstract

Gentamicin (GNT)-induced nephrotoxicity culminates into renal failure with a possible cardiovascular impact. Garlic extract (GE) is a cardiovascular protectant with limited mechanistic data. Therefore, we assessed the disturbance in specific cardiac parameters and the potential protective effect of GE supplementation against them in a rat model of GNT-induced chronic renal failure (CRF). Adult male rats (n = 24) were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6 each): normal controls (CON), garlic extract controls (GE; 250 mg kg⁻¹, orally), GNT-induced CRF (GNT; 100 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.), and GNT + GE (GNT and GE in the same previous doses) groups. GNT and GE were given daily for 3 weeks. Animals co-treated with GNT and GE exhibited improved renal functions, body weight (BW), and heart weight (HW)/BW ratio; declined blood pressure; lowered plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and total peroxides (TP); and elevated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Moreover, the heart tissue contained raised levels of TAC and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and lowered levels of TP and Ca²⁺. Findings provide evidence that administration of GE in experimental CRF model helped protect the heart through reducing oxidative stress and controlling cardiac Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and Ca²⁺ levels.