Congenital Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting in a 27-week-gestation neonate

Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is exceedingly rare in premature infants, and the few cases reported suggest a poor prognosis with systemic involvement. We present a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis limited to a single cutaneous lesion, presenting in a 27-week-gestation infant, which is the youngest gestational age of reported Langerhans cell histiocytosis cases. The lesion showed spontaneous resolution by 41 weeks corrected gestational age, and systemic involvement was absent, demonstrating a mild course of skin-only Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a premature infant.