Contact allergy in Danish children: Current trends

Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.

Allergic contact dermatitis secondary to the use of a bandage impregnated with benzalkonium chloride

Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.

Cellular and compositional insight into the sludge dewatering process using enzyme treatment

Abstract

Removal of intracellular water in microbial cells remains a key issue for sludge disposal, and here, a novel method of enzymatic treatment with two enzymes, lysozyme and protease, was employed. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRF) was applied to image the bacteria in sludge and quantify the evolution of sludge bacteria for the first time. The ratio of dead/live bacterial cells was always higher in the presence of lysozyme than in the presence of protease, indicating that lysozyme has higher activity in inducing bacterial cell degradation and releasing intracellular water. The compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were further measured, and the results show that the dewatering performance of sludge is correlated both to the release of cell contents and the variations in EPS composition during cell degradation. Moreover, kinetic analysis demonstrated that the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was substantially completed within 1 h, i.e., the reaction was quite rapid during the first 1 h, and thereafter, it gradually reduced to stability. The mechanism of enzymatic treatment of sludge explored in this study thus not only enhanced the understanding of sludge deep dewatering but also provided significant methodological clues for the disposal of sludge.

Impact of tumour profiling on clinical trials in salivary gland cancer

Clinical Otolaryngology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Undergraduate ear, nose and throat training: How do we inspire the next generation? Response to author

Clinical Otolaryngology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Endoscopic approach in one hundred and seventy‐nine patients of dacryocystorhinostomy

Clinical Otolaryngology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Modified fiberscope‐guided nasogastric tube insertion: Our experience with 23 patients

Clinical Otolaryngology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

A Helpful Technique for Increasing the Size of a Tracheostomy Window in Patients with Calcified or Challenging Tracheas Utilising a Kerrison Punch Forceps

Clinical Otolaryngology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Radiological Parameters Related to Success of the Round Window Approach in Cochlear Implantation: A retrospective study

Clinical Otolaryngology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Losartan ointment relieves hypertrophic scars and keloid: A pilot study

Wound Repair and Regeneration, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Antibiotic therapy of diabetic foot infections: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Wound Repair and Regeneration, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

A computational method for semi‐automatic measurement of pressure ulcers

Wound Repair and Regeneration, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Role of Schwann cells in cutaneous wound healing

Wound Repair and Regeneration, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Are photosensitizing medications associated with increased risk of important erythemal reactions during ultraviolet B phototherapy?

British Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

Tofacitinib in patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis: long‐term safety and efficacy in an open‐label extension study

British Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

Why we continue to use the name Propionibacterium acnes

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Ustekinumab Exposure during Conception and Pregnancy in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis – a case series of 10 pregnancies

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Why a randomised melanoma screening trial may be a good idea

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Different dermoscopic features of clonal seborrheic keratoses

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Folliculotropic Mycosis fungoides associated with GATA2 deficiency: a new skin manifestation

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Measurement of cytokines, chemokines and association with clinical severity of DM/CADM disease

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Acne: A Side Effect of Masculinizing Hormonal Therapy in Transgender Patients

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Laser Treatments in Early Wound Healing Improve Scar Appearance: ‐A Randomized Split‐Wound Trial with Non‐ablative Fractional Laser Exposures versus Untreated Controls

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Drug‐free microneedles in the treatment of keloids: a single‐blinded intra‐individual controlled clinical trial

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

The frequency of specific contact allergies is reduced in psoriasis patients

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

An ex‐vivo RNA trans‐splicing strategy to correct human generalized severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Children sustain high levels of skin DNA photodamage, with a modest increase of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3, after a summer holiday in Northern Europe

British Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

Infectious events and associated risk factors in Mycosis Fungoides/Sézary Syndrome: a retrospective cohort study

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Use of topical antipsoriatic drugs in Denmark: A nationwide drug utilization study

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Effect of Two Recombinant Trichinella spiralis Serine Protease Inhibitors on TNBS‐induced Experimental Colitis of Mice

Clinical &Experimental Immunology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Serum exosomes of chronic gastritis patients infected with Helicobacter pylori mediate IL‐1α expression via IL‐6 trans‐signaling in gastric epithelial cells

Clinical &Experimental Immunology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Peripheral Th17 cells expressing β7 intestinal homing receptor in recent and chronic HIV infections

Clinical &Experimental Immunology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Pathogen Infections and Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Clinical &Experimental Immunology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Immunogenicity of meningococcal polysaccharide ACWY vaccine in primary immunized or re‐vaccinated adults

Clinical &Experimental Immunology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Outcomes in thread lift for face and neck: A study performed with Silhouette Soft and Promo Happy Lift double needle, innovative and classic techniques

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Comparison of therapeutic effects of conventional and liposomal form of 4% topical hydroquinone in patients with melasma

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Quality of life before and after cosmetic procedures on the face: A cross‐sectional study in a public service

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

The new therapeutic choice of tranexamic acid solution in treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Sparing subcutaneous septa avoids skin necrosis in the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis with suction‐curettage shaving

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom – pathologische und molekularpathologische Diagnostik

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) ist histopathologisch definiert. Histo- und molekularpathologische Diagnostikverfahren sind Grundlage einer stadiengerechten Therapie, aber auch therapeutischer Innovation. Basierend auf klassischen histologischen Charakteristika wurden in den letzten Jahren vielfältige Verbesserungen hin zu einer modernen, morphomolekularen Diagnostik des HCC erreicht: multiple neue Marker zur Präzisierung der Differenzial- und insbesondere Malignitätsdiagnose bei hochdifferenzierten Lebertumoren; Definition neuer tumorbiologisch definierter und relevanter HCC-Subtypen, die bis zu 30 % der HCC betreffen; molekulare Zielstrukturen und potenzielle prädiktive Marker für präzisionsonkologische Ansätze. Dies sind Bausteine einer neuen morphomolekularen Klassifikation des HCC, die eine wesentliche zukünftige Herausforderung darstellt.

Künftige Anforderungen

Es muss nicht nur eine neue morphomolekulare Klassifikation erstellt werden, sondern auch die Position der Biopsiediagnostik des HCC bedarf einer grundlegenden Verbesserung. Zudem müssen neue immunonkologische Ansätze diagnostisch sinnvoll untermauert werden und die neuen Erkenntnisse in entsprechend geplanten Studien und auch geeigneten zentrenbasierten Ansätzen diagnostisch und klinisch umgesetzt werden, um die in Bezug auf andere relevante Tumorarten immer noch unbefriedigende klinische Position des HCC nachhaltig zu verbessern.

Psoriasis dermatitis: an overlap condition of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in children

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

PUVA and interferon‐α2b combined therapy for patients with mycosis fungoides at different stages of the disease: a seven‐year retrospective study in Russia

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Reply to: “S2k guideline for treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus ‐ guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV)”

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Role of Galectin‐3 in subclinical myocardial impairment in psoriasis

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Reply to the letter by Pindado‐Ortega et al

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Chemotherapy‐induced alopecia ‐ the urgent need for treatment options

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

ΜelanoQ: A Consensus Questionnaire of Standardized Epidemiologic and Clinical Variables for Melanoma Risk Assessment by the MelaNostrum Consortium

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Effects of the equimolarly mixed cationic–nonionic surfactants of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate 80 on serum proteins—spectroscopic study

Publication date: Available online 14 August 2018

Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

Author(s): Hua Qiao, Bo Li, Huichao Zhang, Dan Liu, Haipeng Diao, Gongqin Sun, Jun Xie

Abstract

Liposomes are a common delivery vehicle for drugs or biologicals, but some common surfactants used as liposome components may cause denaturation and malfunction of serum proteins and cell surface proteins. In this study, we examined the effects of liposome lipid didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), nonionic polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate 80 (Tween 80), and the equimolar mixture on the properties of serum proteins. Bovine serum albumin was selected as the main model protein, and the effects of the DDAB, Tween 80, and a 1:1 mixture on its spectroscopic behavior were investigated. The effects of surfactants on the five major serum proteins: human serum albumin, apolipoprotein A1, transferrin, fibrinogen and immunoglobulin G were also examined. Finally, the results were verified on human serum. The results indicated that weak interactions exist between human serum proteins and the equimolar mixture of DDAB–Tween 80, significantly different from the strong interactions of DDAB and Tween 80 with proteins. The salient features of cationic–nonionic surfactants enable their use in liposome composition, with improved drug delivery efficiency.

In vitro cultures of Linum usitatissimum: Synergistic effects of mineral nutrients and photoperiod regimes on growth and biosynthesis of lignans and neolignans

Publication date: Available online 14 August 2018

Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

Author(s): Adnan Zahir, Waqar Ahmad, Muhammad Nadeem, Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc'h, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi

Abstract

The multipurpose plant species Linum usitatissimum famous for producing linen fibre and containing valuable pharmacologically active polyphenols, has rarely been tested for it's in vitro biosynthesis potential of lignans and neolignans. The current study aims at the synergistic effects of mineral nutrients variation and different photoperiod treatments on growth kinetics and biomass accumulation in in vitro cultures of Linum usitatissimum. Both nutrient quality and quantity affected growth patterns, as cultures established on Gamborg B5 medium had comparatively long exponential phase compared to Murashige and Skoog medium, while growth was slow but steady until last phases of the culture on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium. Similarly, we observed that boron deficiency and nitrogen limitation in culture medium (Gamborg B5 medium) enhanced callus biomass (fresh weight 413 g/l and dry weight 20.7 g/l), phenolics production (667.60 mg/l), and lignan content (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside 6.33 and lariciresinol diglucoside 5.22 mg/g dry weight respectively) at 16/8 h light and dark-week 4, while that of neolignans (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside 44.42 and guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside 9.26 mg/g dry weight, respectively) in continuous dark after 4th –week of culture. Conversely, maximum flavonoid production occurred at both Murashige and Skoog, Schenk and Hildebrandt media (both media types contain comparatively higher boron and nitrogen content) in the presence of continuous light. Generally, continuous dark had no significant role in any growth associated parameter. This study opens new dimension for optimizing growing conditions and evaluating underlying mechanisms in biosynthesis of lignans and neolignans in in vitro cultures of Linum usitatissimum.

The impact of wetland on neutral mine drainage from mining wastes at Luanshya in the Zambian Copperbelt in the framework of climate change

Abstract

The impact of a natural wetland ("dambo" in Zambia) on neutral mine drainage at Luanshya in the Zambian Copperbelt has been investigated during an intermediate discharge period (July) using a multi-method characterization of solid phase samples, sequential extraction analysis, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy combined with water analyses, isotopic analyses, and geochemical modeling. In the wetland, the principal identified solid phases in sediments were carbonates, gypsum, and ferric oxyhydroxides. A significant portion of the ochres was present as insoluble hematite. Mine drainage pH values decrease, and log \( {P}__2} \) values increase after inflow of water into the wetland; dissolved and suspended concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Co also decrease. Based on speciation calculations, there is no precipitation of secondary Cu and Co minerals in the period of sampling, but it can occur later in dry period when the flow rate is reduced. Concentrations of sulfate decrease, and values of δ³⁴S(SO₄) in the wetland increase in parallel, suggesting sulfate reduction is occurring. In more advanced dry period, the discharge in mine drainage stream is probably much lower and water can reach supersaturation with respect to minerals such as gypsum, which has been found in sediments. Wetlands have a positive impact on mine drainage water quality due to the removal of metals by adsorption, co-precipitation, and filtration of colloids. However, there can also be a rebound of contamination by seepage inflow downstream from the wetland. Ongoing climate change with extreme hydrologic events may enhance differences between dry and rainy seasons with resulting faster mobilization of contaminants.

Statistical physics modeling of synthetic dyes adsorption onto Spirulina platensis nanoparticles

Abstract

Experimental adsorption of synthetic dyes, FD&C red no. 40 and Tartrazine, onto Spirulina platensis has been analyzed using a statistical physics treatment at different temperatures (298, 308, 318, and 328 K) and at different values of pH (4, 6, and 8). The statistical physics formalism was used to develop the analytical expressions of models. The interpretation of the adsorption of these dyes on Spirulina platensis was achieved by choosing the adequate model and by presenting the evolution of the parameters involved in the analytical expression of this model such as the number of adsorbed dye molecules per site (n_d), the receptor sites density (D_r), the adsorbed quantity at saturation (q_s), and the molar adsorption energy (ΔE). Thus, several interpretations and results describing the adsorption of dyes on Spirulina platensis are extracted regarding the behaviors of these parameters at different temperatures and different values of pH. Thermodynamic functions such as the Gibbs free energy, the internal energy, and the entropy are studied at different values of pH.

Leachable lead and cadmium in microwave-heated ceramic cups: possible health hazard to human

Abstract

In this study, we assessed the leachability as well as health risk associated with the consumption from glazed, colourful, ceramic cups, containing lead and cadmium. Both metals leached into the 2.5-min microwave-heated (convection mode, at 140 °C) double-distilled water in concentrations above 0.5 mg/L, the permissible limits of leachable Pb and Cd in ceramic mugs set by United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). On an average, significantly higher Pb leached in new cups, 7.69 ± 0.56 mg/L, compared to that in old cups, 3.15 ± 0.15 mg/L. Cd leached similarly in both old (1.97 ± 0.14 mg/L) and new cups (1.57 ± 0.005 mg/L). The chronic daily intake of Pb by children and adults, respectively, consuming from new cups were 1.3–5× and 1.28–6× more than that from old cups. In both the cases, intake values far exceeded WHO reference dose of 0.0006 mg Pb/kg bw/day in children (< 11 years) and 0.0013 mg Pb/kg bw/day in adults. Such levels of Pb consumption in children might be predicted to be associated with decrement in IQ by at least 1 point and adverse effects in adults, especially, women of childbearing age. The daily intake of Cd from these cups ranged from 0.002–0.049 mg/kg bw/day, which was also above permissible limit. Consequently, high hazard quotient and hazard index (both more than 1) were observed for these metals, which might impart individual as well as cumulative effects on the health. Thus, apart from other dietary as well as inhalation sources of contaminants (which were not studied here), regular consumption of beverages alone in glazed, ceramic cups increased chances of Pb- and Cd-related health risks to humans.

The role of environmental factors in allergy: A critical reappraisal

Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Differential Expression of lncRNAs and predicted target genes in normal mouse melanocytes and B16 cells

Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Decorin promotes proliferation and migration of ORS keratinocytes and maintains hair anagen in mice

Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Peptide nucleic acid‐probe based analysis to detect filaggrin mutations in atopic dermatitis patients

Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

MAP4 regulates Tctex‐1 and promotes the migration of epidermal cells in hypoxia

Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Functional characterization of the extranasal OR2A4/7 expressed in human melanocytes

Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

MRGPRX2 is negatively targeted by SCF and IL‐4 to diminish pseudo‐allergic stimulation of skin mast cells in culture

Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

LGI3 promotes human keratinocyte differentiation via the Akt pathway

Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

Sex-specific gene and pathway modeling of inherited glioma risk

Abstract

Background

To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 25 risk variants for glioma, explaining 30% of heritable risk. Most histologies occur with significantly higher incidence in males, and this difference is not explained by currently-known risk factors. A previous GWAS identified sex-specific glioma risk variants, and this analysis aims to further elucidate risk variation by sex using gene- and pathway-based approaches.

Methods

Results from the Glioma International Case-Control Study were used as a testing set, and results from three GWAS were combined via meta-analysis and used as a validation set. Using summary statistics for nominally significant autosomal SNPs (p<0.01 in a previous meta-analysis) and nominally significant X-chromosome SNPs (p<0.01), three algorithms (Pascal, BimBam, and GATES) were used to generate gene-scores, and Pascal was used to generate pathway-scores. Results were considered statistically significant in the discovery set when p<3.3x10^-6 and in the validation set when p<0.001 in 2/3 algorithms.

Results

25 genes within 5 regions and 19 genes within 6 regions reached statistical significance in at least 2/3 algorithms in males and females, respectively. EGFR was significantly associated with all glioma and glioblastoma in males only, and a female-specific association in TERT, all of which remained nominally significant after conditioning on known risk loci. There were nominal associations with the Biocarta telomeres pathway in both males and females.

Conclusions

These results provide additional evidence that there may be differences by sex in genetic risk for glioma. Additional analyses may further elucidate the biological processes through which this risk is conferred.

Erratum zu: Update zur systemischen Therapie bei fortgeschrittenem hepatozellulärem Karzinom

Erratum zu:

Der Onkologe 2018

https://ift.tt/2MolCpT

Im Abschnitt zur Zweitlinientherapie mit „Ramucirumab" muss es korrekt heißen, dass in der anhand des AFP-Werts vorselektionierten Patientenpopulation eine signifikante Verbesserung des Überlebens erreicht werden konnte. Der …

Comparative study of the direct black removal by Fe, Cu, and Fe/Cu nanoparticles

Abstract

In this study, direct black dye removal was investigated using iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs), copper (Cu NPs), and Fe/Cu (Fe/Cu NPs). NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Using a dose of 0.25 g L⁻¹ of Fe, Cu, and Fe/Cu NPs, a degradation efficiency of 13, 26, and 43% respectively was obtained. For the 1.00 g L⁻¹ dose, the efficiency increased to 100, 43, and 100%, respectively. Studies in anoxic and oxic conditions presented degradation rates, respectively, of 100 and 30% for Fe NPs, 90 and 50% for Fe/Cu NPs, and 40% in both reactions for Cu NPs, indicating that the mechanism of dye degradation by NPs is predominantly reducing under the conditions studied. The addition of EDTA decreased the dye removal rate for Fe, Cu, and Fe/Cu NPs at 27, 10, and 35%, respectively. In addition to the degradation, the adsorption phenomena of the by-products formed during the reaction were confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and verified by the desorption tests. Fe and Fe/Cu NPs showed the highest efficiency in direct black dye reductive degradation and adsorption of by-products, removing 100% of the dye at a dose of 1 g L⁻¹ within 10 min of reaction.

Graphical abstracts

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Management of Lumbar Spondylolysis in Athletes: Role of Imaging

Abstract

Purpose of review

Spondylolysis is a broad term, with advances in imaging enabling more accurate diagnosis of the activity and severity of a lesion. This review discusses the role of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis and management of lumbar spondylolysis in athletes.

Recent Findings

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has diagnostic and practical advantages over other imaging modalities and is particularly useful for detecting early stages of bone stress, including pre-symptomatic screening for active lumbar bone stress injuries. Whilst computed tomography remains the best imaging technique to visualise cortical breaches, specialised MRI sequences offer a viable alternative to detect active bone stress and chronic non-united defects.

Summary

Imaging provides important information for the clinical management of athletes with lumbar spondylolysis. Roles for imaging, in particular MRI, include: (a) proactive screening and early detection, (b) diagnosis of a symptomatic lesion and (c) monitor healing and readiness to return to sport.

Fate of febantel in the aquatic environment—the role of abiotic elimination processes

Abstract

Febantel is widely used anthelmintic drug active against a range of gastrointestinal parasites in animals. Despite the fact that it has been detected in the aquatic environment, there is no information on its environmental fate. Therefore, abiotic elimination processes of febantel in the aquatic environment have been studied. The results of direct and indirect photodegradation experiments showed that febantel was persistent against solar radiation. Kinetics of hydrolytic elimination was pH and temperature dependent with half-lives in the range from 210 min to 99 days. Febantel metabolites, fenbendazole and fenbendazole sulfone, were found as major degradation products using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The proposed hydrolytic degradation pathway consisted of the base catalyzed hydrolysis followed by consecutive oxidative cyclization to the five-membered ring of the benzo-imidazole derivative. Aquatic toxicity of febantel and its hydrolytic mixture were evaluated toward the luminescence bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Investigation of febantel sorption onto river sediments showed that the best agreement was obtained with the linear model (R² > 0.99), while the rate of sorption is the best described with the kinetic model of pseudo-second order. The organic carbon-normalized sorption coefficient, K_OC, ranged from 1490 to 3894 L kg⁻¹ for five sediment samples. The results of this research demonstrate that febantel persist in the natural waters and potentially could travel far from the source.

Nail apparatus melanoma: Experience of 10 years in a single institution

Background: Nail apparatus melanoma (NAM) is rare. The higher mortality reported in the literature, compared with melanoma on other sites is probably due to advanced disease associated with a delay in diagnosis and treatment.

Comparison of noninsulated microneedle and noninvasive fractional radiofrequency devices in an animal model of skin rejuvenation

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) devices based on various delivery systems are clinically effective in treating many dermatologic conditions. However, there are few histologic studies identifying the therapeutic mechanism and its effect.

Sodium thiosulfate injection dissolves calcium hydroxylapatite particles: An animal study

Background and objective: Treatment of certain dermal filler–related serious AEs (e.g., vascular occlusion, granulomatous reactions) may include removal of the injected material. Hyaluronidase can be used to degrade hyaluronic acid fillers; however, no agents have yet been shown to fully dissolve calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA; Merz North America) filler after placement. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) has been shown to decrease calcium mineral deposits associated with calciphylaxis, calcific uremic arteriolopathy, and kidney stones.

Topical oxymetazoline hydrochloride 1.0% effectively reduces persistent facial erythema of rosacea on day 1

Introduction: Persistent facial erythema is a bothersome, therapeutically challenging feature of rosacea; therapies with clear efficacy at treatment onset are needed. In 2 identically designed, phase 3 pivotal, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled, 29-day REVEAL trials, topical oxymetazoline cream 1.0% significantly reduced moderate to severe persistent facial erythema of rosacea. A post hoc analysis of pooled data from both trials assessed erythema reduction on day 1.

Widespread skin necrosis secondary to gemcitabine

Cutaneous side-effects are relatively common in chemotherapy but vary in frequency and severity depending on the medication, dose, duration, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Gemcitabine, a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue, is an oncologic agent used in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Common dermatologic reactions associated with gemcitabine include alopecia, mild skin rash, and mucositis. Rare reports of other cutaneous reactions include lower extremity skin necrosis, lower extremity pseudocellulitis, and scleroderma-like changes.

The antiinflammatory properties of ivermectin and brimonidine in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea

Introduction: The pathophysiology of papulopustular rosacea (PPR) is not fully understood; however, there is increasing evidence that immune and inflammatory responses play an important role in the persistent and perilesional erythema of PPR. Multiple trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ivermectin 1% cream (IVM) and brimonidine 0.33% gel (BR) for treatment of the inflammatory lesions and erythema of PPR, respectively. Two recent studies suggest a promising synergy between IVM and BR in PPR.

Role of activated oligoadenylatesynthetase–ribonuclease L pathways as a novel therapeutic target in psoriasis

Psoriasis (Pso) is predominantly an immune-mediated disease characterized by aberrant epidermal differentiation, surface scale formation, and marked cutaneous inflammation. Immune pathways activated in Pso include amplification of background immune circuits or induction of certain proinflammatory signaling pathways, otherwise latent in normal human skin. These changes include selective induction of antiviral innate immune response genes, differential expression of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors, cell signaling and cell growth control pathways.

Unveiling the hidden: The eclipsed effect of nondermatophyte infection and mixed-infection onychomycosis

Background: Mixed onychomycosis infections with dermatophytes (DMPs) and nondermatophytes (NDMs) have become more common. While the diagnosis of DMPs onychomycosis is based on mycologic laboratory, that of the NDMs onychomycosis still has several other criteria. Moreover, there had been a few studies about the relationship between fungal feet and nail infection.

Successful vismodegib debulking of a giant basal cell carcinoma of the umbilicus

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the umbilicus is an exceptional subtype of BCC with potential slowly progressing deeply invasive and wide growth pattern. Vismodegib is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor indicated for the treatment of large, nonoperable or metastatic BCC.

Secukinumab shows sustained efficacy in difficult-to-treat palmoplantar, nail, and scalp psoriasis: Long-term results from three phase III placebo-controlled randomized trials

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory condition that can affect different parts of the body including scalp, nails, palms and soles. Psoriasis localized in these areas remains difficult-to-treat, and can result in significant physical and psychosocial disability. Secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively neutralizes IL-17A, has been shown to have significant efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, demonstrating a rapid onset of action and sustained responses up to 5 years with a favorable safety profile.

Venous treatment of lipodermatosclerosis to improve ambulatory function

Introduction: The manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), particularly lipodermatosclerosis (LDS) and venous ulcers, can be devastating to patients as it can adversely affect quality of life, and carry significant psychosocial burden.

Treatment patterns among psoriasis patients newly initiated on etanercept or apremilast in a dermatology specialty electronic medical record (EMR) database

Background: Plaque psoriasis (PSO) is a common inflammatory skin disorder that can require chronic treatment. Etanercept (ETN) is a self-injectable biologic indicated to treat moderate-to-severe PSO. Apremilast (APR) is a nonbiologic oral therapy recently approved to treat moderate-to-severe PSO. We sought to examine the real-world treatment patterns of these agents.

The use of silicone gel to enhance skin wound healing by secondary intention following tumor excision on the scalp and extremities: A descriptive study

Secondary intention (SI) healing is advantageous due to shorter surgical time and lower risk of damage to neighboring structures. It is therefore more tolerable in elderly patients with large wounds and is also indicated for lesions at high risk of recurrence as this facilitates closer surveillance. The main disadvantage however is the need for prolonged wound care. Although there is constant effort in adapting materials designed for chronic wounds as an adjunct to SI healing, a recent Cochrane review expounded on the lack of evidence to support any single method.

Systematic review of placebo responses in randomized clinical trials of systemic therapy for atopic dermatitis

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with a variable disease severity and symptom burden and intermittent periods of disease remittance, all of which may contribute to increased placebo responses in randomized clinical trials (RCT). However, little is known about the rates and predictors of placebo responses in RCT of systemic therapy in AD.

Stem cell–conditioned media as a potential antiaging technology in skin care

Stem cell conditioned media (SCCM) is gaining increasing interest and is a promising prospect in the field of regenerative medicine. The beneficial effects of stem cell therapy on damaged tissue have shown to be accredited to their ability to secrete trophic factors, rather than their capacity to differentiate into the needed cells. Various studies on stem cell–derived conditioned media from various cell lines, such as adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells, have demonstrated tissue repair in various conditions that involved tissue damage.

Silver nanoparticles induce Egr-1–dependent psoriasin expression via the ERK and p38 pathways

Background: Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been known to prevent bacterial infection and improve a cutaneous wound healing due to their antimicrobial activity. However, the mechanism of Ag-NPs' antimicrobial activity is poorly understood.

Scabies mimicking pityriasis rosea: Scabies surrepticius

Background: Scabies is a mite infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei that is common worldwide. Scabies is diagnosed based on history and exam of the patient, family, and close contacts. Diagnosis is confirmed based on the demonstration of mites, eggs, or mite feces from scrapings of the lesions. The classic presentation of scabies is extreme pruritus and burrows where the mite penetrates the skin and lays eggs. The most common locations of the lesions include the finger webs, flexor surfaces of the wrists, elbows, axillae, buttocks, and genitalia.

Relationship between pruritus and quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with crisaborole

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczematous lesions and pruritus. Pruritus can lead to exacerbation of disease and reduced quality of life (QoL). Crisaborole ointment is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Compared with vehicle, use of crisaborole significantly reduced global disease severity and pruritus in 2 large, identically designed phase 3 clinical studies (AD-301: NCT02118766; AD-302: NCT02118792).

White fibrous papulosus of the neck

Introduction: Whıte fibrous papulosus of the neck (WFPON) is a newly defined clinical diagnosis by Shimizu in 1985. It consists of smooth, linear, 2-3 mm papules, independent of the hair follicles on the neck and back. White fibrous papulosus of the neck (WFPON) and pseudoxanthoma elastic-like dermal elastosis (PXE-PDE) are thought to be clinical variants of the same disease. For this reason, some authors have described WFPON, PXE-PDE and other noninflammatory middermal elastosis cases as "fibroelastolytic variants of primary skin aging." These clinical pictures are clinically similar to each other in many ways, but histologically they can be separated by intact elastic fibers and increased amounts of collagen in the midreticulary dermis.

Using intralesional methotrexate to treat recalcitrant cutaneous Crohn’s disease

Introduction: Cutaneous Crohn's disease (CD) is a rare, and not entirely understood, manifestation of CD that has various clinical presentations. Treatment is difficult, as methods detailed in several case reports over the decades demonstrate mixed efficacy in treating cutaneous CD. Few reports have shown promise using intralesional methotrexate. This case report describes a case of recalcitrant cutaneous CD that resolved with intralesional methotrexate.

Removal of refractory organic pollutants in reverse-osmosis concentrated leachate by Microwave–Fenton process

Abstract

A microwave–Fenton technology was applied to dispose of the reverse-osmosis concentrated leachate. Influential factors on the treatment of concentrated leachate with the pure Fenton and microwave-Fenton method were investigated. For the conventional Fenton process, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr), UV₂₅₄, and the color number (CN) reached 84%, 87%, and 96%, respectively, with the biodegradability (BOD₅/COD_Cr) increased from 0.13 to 0.51 at an initial pH of 5.0, Fe²⁺ of 0.04 mol/L, a n(H₂O₂)/n(Fe²⁺) ratio of 8 after a reaction time of 3 h. When incorporating the Fenton process with microwave irradiation, a comparative COD_Cr and UV₂₅₄, and the CN removal rate of 75%, 83%, and 95%, and a high BOD₅/COD_Cr of 0.62 were achieved under a microwave power of 390 W and an extremely shortened reaction time of only 8 min. Meanwhile, sludge quantity showed a reduction of 24.7%, decreased from 8.50 g/L to 6.40 g/L after the participation of microwave. In addition, molecular-weight fraction (MWF), UV-visible spectrum (UV-vis), and 3D-EEM spectrum tests demonstrated that the macromolecular and complex organic compounds in the wastewater were significantly decomposed into small molecular matters. Our results found that microwave–Fenton is a promising technology for concentrated leachate treatment, with much shorter reaction time, lower sludge production, and enhanced biodegradability, as well as comparative organic matter removal performance.

Strahlentherapie bei hepatozellulärem Karzinom

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) war für die Strahlentherapie lange keine typische Behandlungsindikation, da es erst in den letzten 2 Dekaden möglich wurde, nichttumoröses Lebergewebe ausreichend zu schonen. Daher ist eine radioonkologische Behandlung auf den einschlägigen Behandlungspfaden noch nicht abgebildet.

Fragestellung

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Strahlentherapie für Patienten mit HCC darzustellen.

Material und Methode

Nach einer knappen Einführung in die Besonderheiten der Radiotherapie für intrahepatische Tumoren wird für die einzelnen Situationen dargestellt, welche Rolle eine perkutane oder interstitielle Radiotherapie bei der Behandlung des HCC spielen kann. Dazu wird eine Einordnung in den verbreiteten Behandlungsalgorithmus nach der Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)-Klassifikation verwendet.

Ergebnisse

Die Radiotherapie wird bei HCC derzeit v. a. als Körperstereotaxie (SBRT [„stereotactic body radiotherapy"]) eingesetzt, darüber hinaus seltener auch als interstitielle Brachy- sowie als Protonentherapie. Nach der BCLC-Klassifikation kommt sie am häufigsten im Stadium C, gefolgt vom Stadium B zum Einsatz. Auch bei Patienten, bei denen eine Lebertransplantation angestrebt wird, stellt die Radiotherapie eine Möglichkeit für die Überbrückung der Wartezeit („bridging") dar. HCC-Tumoren sind als eher radiosensibel einzustufen, weshalb oft dauerhafte Lokalkontrollen erreicht werden können. Die wichtigste Nebenwirkung, die es durch korrekte Indikationsstellung und optimale Technik gezielt zu vermeiden gilt, ist eine strahleninduzierte Leberkrankheit. Kombinationen der Radiotherapie mit anderen lokalen Verfahren sind nach vorliegender Datenlage im Allgemeinen gut möglich.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Radiotherapie ist noch nicht als Standardtherapie der ersten Wahl anzusehen, kann aber als wirksame Methode für die Behandlung des HCC angesehen werden. Erste prospektive Studien rechtfertigen diese Einschätzung.

Forecasting Dose from Unobserved Times: Case Study of Transient Workers at a Nuclear Power Plant

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the likelihood of exceeding the occupational exposure limit (OEL) for annual ionizing radiation doses among transient workers at the Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station, and to propose a method for forecasting exposures among transient workers in general.

Methods

We obtained personal dosimeter data from the Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station for the period of January–December 2014, comprising 1955 monthly dose measurements from 498 transient workers. The majority of the transient workers (96%) did not report 12 months of data. The missing months indicate that transient workers may receive ionizing radiation doses at other nuclear power plants throughout the year. We estimated the likelihood of a worker exceeding the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's annual OEL of 5000 mrem. To do so, we had to account both for left-censored data below the limit of detection (27% of all measurements) and make assumptions about doses received during months not employed at the facility. We used a maximum likelihood estimation method for non-detected measurements that accounted for repeated measurements on an individual. To account for missing months of measurements, we considered two extreme scenarios: the best case of workers who receive zero exposures outside of the Hope Creek, and the illustrative worst case of workers who receive multiple exposures at other nuclear power plants with similar exposure scenarios to Hope Creek. We employed a bootstrap procedure to forecast annual personal doses under both scenarios, while imputing non-detected measurements.

Results

None of the workers' reported measurements exceeded the OEL. Bootstrapped annual exposure doses revealed similar patterns, with a very small likelihood of exceeding the OEL, but great potential for variability. Some workers under the best-case scenario may reach Hope Creek's 2000 mrem internal action limit if exposed at the 98th percentile of their projected annual dose. This scenario becomes more likely when assuming that a worker received doses at other nuclear power plants besides Hope Creek throughout the year.

Conclusions

The Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station appears to be typical of its industry peers in terms of annual ionizing radiation doses, which makes it a good test subject for predicting worker doses received elsewhere. Transient workers may receive doses at more than one nuclear power plant throughout the year, which makes them especially at risk for overexposure. The presence of internal plant monitoring systems and the use of tools such as bootstrapping to predict compliance are therefore important for health protection. An argument can also be made for better tracking of exposures in real time of transient workers across facilities. Our method applies to transient workers in any industry for whom exposure assessment is complicated by gaps in exposure histories and records.

Coastline Kriging: A Bayesian Approach

Abstract

Statistical interpolation of chemical concentrations at new locations is an important step in assessing a worker's exposure level. When measurements are available from coastlines, as is the case in coastal clean-up operations in oil spills, one may need a mechanism to carry out spatial interpolation at new locations along the coast. In this article, we present a simple model for analyzing spatial data that is observed over a coastline. We demonstrate four different models using two different representations of the coast using curves. The four models were demonstrated on simulated data and one of them was also demonstrated on a dataset from the GuLF STUDY (Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study). Our contribution here is to offer practicing hygienists and exposure assessors with a simple and easy method to implement Bayesian hierarchical models for analyzing and interpolating coastal chemical concentrations.

Safety and dose modification for patients receiving niraparib

Ann Oncol 2018; (doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy181)

Homologous overexpression of NpDps2 and NpDps5 increases the tolerance for oxidative stress in the multicellular cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme

Abstract

The filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme has several oxidative stress-managing systems, including Dps proteins. Dps proteins belong to the ferritin superfamily and are involved in abiotic stress management in prokaryotes. Previously, we found that one of the five Dps proteins in Nostoc punctiforme, NpDps2, was critical for H₂O₂ tolerance. Stress induced by high light intensities is aggravated in Nostoc punctiforme strains deficient of either NpDps2, or the bacterioferritin-like NpDps5. Here, we have investigated the capacity of NpDps2 and NpDps5 to enhance stress tolerance by homologous overexpression of these two proteins in Nostoc punctiforme. Both overexpression strains were found to tolerate twice as high concentrations of added H₂O₂ as the control strain, indicating that overexpression of either NpDps2 or NpDps5 will enhance the capacity for H₂O₂ tolerance. Under high light intensities the overexpression of the two NpDps did not enhance the tolerance against general light-induced stress. However, overexpression of the heterocyst-specific NpDps5 in all cells of the filament, led to a higher amount of chlorophyll-binding proteins per cell during diazotrophic growth. The OENpDps5 strain also showed an increased tolerance to ammonium-induced oxidative stress. Our results provide information of how Dps proteins may be utilized for engineering of cyanobacteria with enhanced stress tolerance.

Lpp, the Braun lipoprotein, turns 50 – Major achievements and remaining issues

Abstract

The discovery of Escherichia coli Lpp as the first protein with three acyl groups covalently attached to its N-terminal cysteine residue defined a new class of bacterial proteins, the lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are extracytoplasmic, globular proteins that are anchored to a membrane by a lipid moiety. Being anchored to the outer membrane, Lpp, which is also known as the Braun lipoprotein, is small (5.8 kDa) and folds into a trimeric helical structure. It is also the numerically most abundant protein in E. coli. A unique feature of Lpp is that its C-terminal lysine residue is covalently attached to the peptidoglycan, providing the only covalent connection between the outer membrane and the cell wall. Here, we review the knowledge gained on Lpp since its discovery in 1969 until the recent finding that Lpp functions as a major size determinant in the bacterial cell envelope. We also discuss the role played by Lpp in virulence and highlight the major questions that remain to be solved.

Knowledge Gaps and Barriers to Early Peanut Introduction Among Allergists, Pediatricians, and Family Physicians

Publication date: Available online 13 August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Elissa M. Abrams, Alexander G. Singer, Lianne Soller, Edmond S. Chan

Patterns of Fish Reproduction at the Interface Between Air and Water

Synopsis

Although fishes by nature are aquatic, many species reproduce in such a way that their embryos are exposed to air either occasionally or constantly during incubation. We examine the ecological context and review specific examples of reproduction by fishes at the air-water interface, including fishes that do and do not breathe air. Four modes of reproduction at the air-water interface are described across 18 teleost Orders, from fresh water, estuaries and sea water. Mode 1, the most common type of reproduction by fishes at the air-water interface, includes 21 Families of mostly marine teleosts that spawn in water onto a substrate surface, on vegetation, or into hollow objects such as shells that will later be continuously or occasionally exposed to air. Although the eggs are emerged into air, many of these species do not emerge into air as adults, and only about half of them breathe air. Mode 2 involves six Families of freshwater fishes setting up and guarding a nest and guarding on the water surface, either with bubbles or in vegetation. Most of these species breathe air. In Mode 3, annual killifishes in at least two Families in seasonally dry habitats bury eggs in mud in temporary pools, then die before the next generation emerges. These species neither guard nests nor breathe air. Mudskippers (Gobiidae) breathe air and use Mode 4, excavating burrows in a soft substrate and then storing air in a subterranean chamber. In a variation of Mode 4, eggs are placed on bubbles within a nesting burrow by swamp eels (Synbranchidae). No fishes from basal taxa are known to place their embryos where they will be exposed to air, although most of these species breathe air as adults. The widespread but still rare, diverse forms of fish reproduction at the air-water interface across a broad taxonomic spectrum suggest repeated independent evolutionary events and strong selection pressure for adult fishes to protect their embryos from hypoxic waters, aquatic predators, pathogens, and UV radiation. Air-breathing by adult fishes appears to be de-coupled from air exposure of developing embryos or aerial emersion of adults during spawning.

Absorption, translocation, and detoxification of Cd in two different castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) cultivars

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is considered to be the most phytotoxic heavy metal pollutant. The selection of castor bean cultivars with Cd tolerance and the exploration of the physiological mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance are critical steps for improving phytoremediation performance. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was used to investigate variations in Cd transportation, chelation, and subcellular distribution in two different castor bean cultivars, namely JX-22 and ZB-9. Both cultivars had high tolerance index scores, indicating that both cultivars were tolerant to Cd. The findings of the present study indicate that Cd is significantly more mobile in JX-22 than in ZB-9 during xylem and phloem transportation, resulting in the accumulation of Cd in the shoots of JX-22 was 7.67 times that in ZB-9. Subcellular distribution assessment verified that more Cd was bound to the biologically detoxified metal fractions than the metal sensitive fractions in JX-22. The contents of the non-protein thiol pool and glutathione in the leaves were higher in JX-22 than ZB-9 when exposed to Cd. These results indicate that JX-22 has a greater ability to accumulate Cd, and well-coordinated physiological changes in JX-22 afford greater Cd tolerance in comparison to ZB-9 under Cd exposure, indicating that JX-22 is suitable for use in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.

Understanding as compression

Abstract

What is understanding? My goal in this paper is to lay out a new approach to this question and clarify how that approach deals with certain issues. The claim is that understanding is a matter of compressing information about the understood so that it can be mentally useful. On this account, understanding amounts to having a representational kernel and the ability to use it to generate the information one needs regarding the target phenomenon. I argue that this ambitious new account can accommodate much of the data that has motivated theories of understanding in philosophy of science, and can also be generally applicable in epistemology and daily life as well.

Hotspots and main drivers of fecal pollution in Neusiedler See, a large shallow lake in Central Europe

Abstract

To minimize the risk of negative consequences for public health from fecal pollution in lakes, the continuous surveillance of microbiological water quality parameters, alongside other environmental variables, is necessary at defined bathing sites. Such routine surveillance may prove insufficient to elucidate the main drivers of fecal pollution in a complex lake/watershed ecosystem, and it may be that more comprehensive monitoring activities are required. In this study, the aims were to identify the hotspots and main driving factors of fecal pollution in a large shallow Central European lake, the Neusiedler See, and to determine to what degree its current monitoring network can be considered representative spatially. A stochastic and geostatistical analysis of a huge data set of water quality data (~ 164,000 data points, representing a 22-year time-series) of standard fecal indicator bacteria (SFIB), water quality and meteorological variables sampled at 26 sampling sites was conducted. It revealed that the hotspots of fecal pollution are exclusively related to sites with elevated anthropogenic activity. Background pollution from wildlife or diffuse agricultural run-off at more remote sites was comparatively low. The analysis also showed that variability in the incidence of SFIB was driven mainly by meteorological phenomena, above all, temperature, number of sunny hours, and wind (direction and speed). Due to antagonistic effects and temporal undersampling, the influence of precipitation on SFIB variance could not be clearly determined. Geostatistical analysis did reveal that the current spatial sampling density is insufficient to cover SFIB variance over the whole lake, and that the sites are therefore in the most part representative of local phenomena. Suggestions for the future monitoring and managing of fecal pollution are offered. The applied statistical approach may also serve as a model for the study of other such areas, and in general indicate a method for dealing with similarly large and spatiotemporally heterogeneous datasets.

In defense of unfair compromises

Abstract

It seems natural to think that compromises ought to be fair. But it is false. In this paper, I argue that it is never a moral desideratum to reach fair compromises and that we are sometimes even morally obligated to try to establish unfair compromises. The most plausible conception of the fairness of compromises is David Gauthier's principle of minimax relative concession. According to that principle, a compromise is fair when all parties make equal concessions relative to how much they can gain from an agreement and relative to how much they would lose without an agreement. To find out whether reaching a fair compromise sometimes is a moral desideratum, I discuss several paradigmatic cases in friendships, economics and politics, and I try to show that even when the parties have moral reasons to refrain from trying to maximize utility in the negotiations, they do not have moral reasons to aim at a fair compromise. My second claim is that we are sometimes morally obligated to try to establish unfair compromises, in particular when we are dealing with parties that try to establish morally very bad political arrangements. In such cases, we should try to concede as little as possible to achieve an outcome that is morally acceptable. Fair compromises, in other words, are morally much more dubious than is usually appreciated.

Current treatment options for acanthosis nigricans

The microbiota of traumatic, open fracture wounds is associated with mechanism of injury

Wound Repair and Regeneration, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.