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Πέμπτη 5 Ιουλίου 2018

Identification of a novel mutation in the mechanoreceptor-encoding gene CXCR1 in patients with keloid

Abstract

Keloids are skin fibroproliferative tumors characterized by locally invasive growth of fibroblasts and excessive collagen deposition. The objective of this study is to investigate the molecular basis of the keloid scar by studying the mutation of related genes. We performed gene screening of mechanoreceptors by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Sanger sequencing to detect the CXCR1gene mutation, and immuno-histochemistry to determine CXCR1 protein expression. Among the genes encoding mechanoreceptors, the expression of CXCR1 mRNA was significantly higher in keloid scar tissues than in the surrounding tissues of normal controls (P < 0.05). Sequencing analysis identified a novel missense mutation, c.574G > A (p.Gly192Glu). Immunohistochemistry showed heightened protein expression of CXCR1 in keloid scars as compared to controls. Our findings indicate that CXCR1 gene mutation and altered protein expression are associated with keloid scar development. Identification of the CXCR1 gene mutation might provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying keloid scar and underscores the potential importance of mechanoreceptors in keloid scar pathogenesis.



Dermoscopy of chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis

Abstract

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH) is a benign auricular disease whose differentiation with nonpigmented tumors is mandatory. Clinical characteristics of CNH are well known, but there is no information about the dermoscopic features that could help differentiate CNH from squamous cell carcinoma and other non-melanoma skin cancers. To describe the dermoscopic appearance of CNH and to formulate a differential diagnostic model, we conducted  a retrospective, single center, observational dermoscopic study on a sample of 189 biopsy-proven lesions: 25 CNH; 26 squamous cell carcinomas; 62 basal cell carcinomas and 76 other benign and malignant tumors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted by logistic regression. The most significant dermoscopic finding for CNH was a peculiar global configuration (daisy pattern), consisting of white thick lines, radially arranged, converging to a central rounded yellow/brown clod (an erosion covered by keratin or sero-crust). This pattern achieved 92 and 98% of specificity for discriminating CNH with squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, respectively. In conclusion, dermoscopy is valuable for the diagnosis of CNH as a first screening tool because of a consistent global dermoscopic configuration (daisy pattern), consisting of radially arranged white thick lines surrounding a central rounded yellow/brown clod.



Expression and localization of VEGFR-2 in hair follicles during induced hair growth in mice

Abstract

Recently, VEGFR-2 has been detected not only in vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells but also in some non-vascular endothelial cells, particularly human hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. In addition, VEGFR-2 has been confirmed to play direct roles in hair follicle keratinocyte regulation beyond simply angiogenesis. To elucidate whether VEGFR-2 activation plays a role in hair follicle cycling regulation, immunofluorescence of VEGFR-2 expression was performed during hair cycling of the dorsum of the mouse induced by hair plucking. We observed that staining for VEGFR-2 in hair follicles during anagen II and IV was much stronger than during anagen VI, catagen and telogen. During anagen II, intense staining for VEGFR-2 was observed on the keratinocyte strands of the hair follicle. Subsequently, we detected intense staining for VEGFR-2 in the ORS, IRS and hair bulb during anagen IV. Moderate staining for VEGFR-2 was detected in the ORS and hair bulb, but staining was most intense in IRS during anagen VI. During catagen, staining for VEGFR-2 in the IRS remained intense, while staining in the ORS and hair bulb was significantly weakened and was negative in the dermal papilla. During telogen, we detected VEGFR-2 in germ cells, cap, and club hair adjoining the epidermis. In conclusion, VEGFR-2 was expressed on the hair follicles of the dorsum of the mouse and varied in expression on the mouse hair follicles during hair cycling, suggesting that VEGFR-2 may exert roles in hair cycle regulation in hair follicles on the dorsum of mice.



Haplotypes of ABCB1 1236C >T (rs1128503), 2677G >T/A (rs2032582), and 3435C >T (rs1045642) in patients with bullous pemphigoid

Abstract

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) constitutes the most prevalent disease in the group of bullous dermatoses with the autoimmune background. Some authors suggest that certain cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ) may be transported by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the ABCB1 gene. ABCB1 polymorphism might affect not only the effectiveness of treatment with drugs that are P-gp substrates but also contribute to the development of diseases, including BP. In the present work, we resolved to conduct a haplotype analysis of ABCB1 in patients with BP and to answer the question of whether any of the haplotypes are able to affect the incidence of this entity. The study involved 71 patients with BP and 100 healthy volunteers. Determination of polymorphisms 1236C > T and 3435C > T in ABCB1 was carried out with the PCR–RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method. The 2677G > T/A ABCB1 polymorphism was analyzed with the allele-specific PCR method. It was observed that the 1236T-2677G-3435T haplotype occurred with a statistically significantly lower frequency in patients with BP than in controls (1.4 vs. 10.0%). Carriers of this haplotype were also shown to have had a low relative risk for BP (OR = 0.13, p = 0.003). Haplotype analysis of ABCB1 conducted in patients with BP demonstrated that the 1236T-2677G-3435T haplotype may protect against development of this entity.



Assessment of vulnerability and control measures to protect the Salbarua ecosystem from hypothetical spill sites

Abstract

Population pressure, urbanization, and industrial developments, among other factors, have resulted in severe degradation of environmental resources such as wetlands. Thus, a groundwater model (MODFLOW) was integrated with a particle tracking MODPATH model to simulate the hydrodynamic flow head field and to analyze the vulnerability of the Salburua ecosystem and propose control measures to protect the riparian area. The simulations show that pathways of particle tracking originating at potential contaminant sources will tend to migrate downwards towards the sensitive ecosystem, which suggests that the quality of the hydrological ecosystem is likely to deteriorate in the future. Variation in exit points of particles indicates that the time-related capture areas are affected by changes of the hydraulic gradients. Two control measures of potential sources of pollutants in the vicinity of the Salbarua ecosystem were analyzed. The study results suggest that the travel time-related capture zone with a funnel-and-gate system is much smaller than without the control alternative, which indicates that the gate configuration has an effect on capture zone size and shape and on the residence time with a better attenuation performance. It is also shown that a leakage-proof barrier is less effective for point-source containment, assuming that hydraulic control performance and cost-efficiency are the criteria for pollution control effectiveness. Instead, a program of monitoring wells would effectively characterize water quality in the aquifer and provide a decision support system. This approach may be used in helping water managers to develop more physically based and quantitative protection strategies.



Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris using Fe 3 O 4 coated with modified plant polyphenol

Abstract

The Chlorella vulgaris harvesting was explored by magnetic separation using Fe3O4 particles coated with the plant polyphenol chemically modified by a Mannich reaction followed by quaternization (Fe3O4@Q-PP). The –N(R)4+ and Cl–N+–C perssad of the Q-PP were linked to the Fe3O4 particles by N–O bonds, as suggested by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. The thermogravimetric analysis displayed the mass percentage of the Q-PP coated on the Fe3O4 surface was close to ~ 5%. Compared with the naked Fe3O4 particles, zeta potentials of the Fe3O4@Q-PP particles were improved from the range of − 17.5~− 25.6 mV to 1.9~36.3 mV at pH 2.1~13.1. A 70.2 G coercive force was obtained for the Fe3O4@Q-PP composite, which demonstrated its ferromagnetic behavior. The use of Fe3O4@Q-PP resulted in a harvesting efficiency of 90.9% of C. vulgaris cells (3.06 g/L). The Fe3O4 particles could be detached from the cell flocs by ultrasonication leading to a recovery efficiency of 96.1% after 10 cycles. The recovered Fe3O4 could be re-coated with Q-PP and led to a harvesting efficiency of 80.2% after 10 cycles. The magnetic separation using Fe3O4@Q-PP included charge neutralization followed by bridging and then colloid entrapment.



Fish and microchips: on fish pain and multiple realization

Abstract

Opponents to consciousness in fish argue that fish do not feel pain because they do not have a neocortex, which is a necessary condition for feeling pain. A common counter-argument appeals to the multiple realizability of pain: while a neocortex might be necessary for feeling pain in humans, pain might be realized differently in fish. This paper argues, first, that it is impossible to find a criterion allowing us to demarcate between plausible and implausible cases of multiple realization of pain without running into a circular argument. Second, opponents to consciousness in fish cannot be provided with reasons to believe in the multiple realizability of pain. I conclude that the debate on the existence of pain in fish is impossible to settle by relying on the multiple realization argument.



Occurrence and recovery of small-sized plastic debris from a Brazilian beach: characterization, recycling, and mechanical analysis

Abstract

Small-sized plastic debris are an increasing global concern, particularly in environmental protected areas. Consequently, tourism-based economy of poor coastal regions is also impaired. Nevertheless, little interest has been shown about recycling approaches of such materials, mostly because of the natural degradation of polymers on these conditions. This research presents the report of the occurrence of plastic debris nearby Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, on the northeast Brazilian coast, aiming to provide a feasible method for recycling. We collected more than 80 samples from the sediment and classified them via FT-IR. Degraded polypropylene samples were selected for blending with virgin material using different concentration rates, and were mechanically tested. Tensile testing results suggest that 5% recycled material concentration mixture has suitable mechanical properties on the elastic regime for applications on new parts. Our findings show that particular interest should be addressed on the recovery of commodity plastic debris from environmental protected areas.



Treponema denticola transcriptional profiles in serum-restricted conditions

Abstract
Treponema denticola is a major pathogen in periodontal disease, and is frequently isolated from the lesions of patients with chronic periodontitis. T. denticola utilizes serum components as nutrient sources so as to colonize and proliferate in the gingival crevice. However, the mechanisms of serum utilization remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify T. denticola serum utilization genes. Precultured T. denticola cells were suspended in a tryptone-yeast extract-gelatin-volatile fatty acids medium containing 0, 1%, and 10% serum, respectively, and incubated anaerobically for 17 h. Total RNA was isolated, and T. denticola gene expression was compared by microarray and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In serum-depleted conditions, the expression levels of a potential hydroxylamine reductase, several ABC transporters, and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase were increased, while those of genes encoding methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins and a transcriptional regulator were decreased. These results suggest that T. denticola may uptake serum components mainly through the action of ABC transporters. In particular, the decrease in the dmcA expression level with decreasing serum concentration suggests its involvement in chemotaxis toward serum-rich environments.

Association of Autologous Fat Injection in Facial Artery With Ophthalmological Complications

This experimental animal study examines the association of ophthalmic complications with the injection of autologous fat, fat lipid, fat granule, or normal saline into the facial artery of rabbits.

Investigating Methods to Prevent Blindness From Facial Fat Injections

In the article "Association of Autologous Fat Injection in Facial Artery With Ophthalmological Complications: An Experimental Animal Study" in this issue of JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery Liu et al highlight the importance of understanding this very rare but dreaded complication associated with facial fat injections. Using a rabbit model, the authors investigated ophthalmological consequences of retrograde injection into the facial artery, comparing minced fat, fat granules, fat lipid, and saline control injections. They found that the method of adipose tissue procurement played a significant role, contributing to the higher rates of blindness in the autologous (minced) particles. In documenting the detrimental effects of intraarterial fat injections using clinical and diagnostic measurements, their methodology and results support their claims in a convincing clinical and statistical fashion.

Forthcoming Meetings

Edited by Albert H. Kim and Jennie W. Taylor

De novo and secondary anaplastic meningiomas: natural history, prognosis, and the TERT promoter

See the article by Peyre et al., pp. 1113–1121.

Highlights from the Literature



Is it time to reconsider the role of irinotecan for the treatment of high-grade gliomas?

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor that is converted to the active metabolite SN-38 by carboxylesterase.1 Based on preclinical data showing that irinotecan had activity against gliomas, and the assumption that irinotecan crossed the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a single arm phase II study was conducted in 60 patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGGs).2 This study used an irinotecan dose of 125 mg/m2 once weekly for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest, and reported a partial response rate of 15%, with 55% of patients having stable disease for at least 12 weeks. These results suggested that irinotecan had activity in this patient population and led to the adoption of this agent for treatment of recurrent HGG.

The trials of neuro-oncology clinical research

See the article by Vanderbeek et al., pp. 1034–1043.

Review of environmental effects of oxybenzone and other sunscreen active ingredients

With increasing awareness regarding the risks of sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer, the use of sunscreens has increased. Organic and inorganic filters are used in sunscreen products worldwide. Concerns have been raised on commonly used organic UV filters including oxybenzone (benzophenone-3; BP-3), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), octocrylene (OC), and octinoxate (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; EHMC) on their effects on the environment. Studies have identified UV filters such as oxybenzone, octocrylene, octinoxate and ethylhexyl salicylate (ES) in almost all water sources around the world and have commented that these filters are not easily removed by common waste water treatment plant techniques.

Rajeunir, c’est vieux comme le monde…

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Publication date: Available online 4 July 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique

Author(s): J. Glicenstein, T. Awada

Résumé

Les légendes et les mythes sur l'éternelle jeunesse existent depuis l'Antiquité. Avant le XIXe siècle, ceux qui souhaitaient rajeunir utilisaient des bains ou des injections de sang, recherchaient la Fontaine de Jouvence, ou faisaient appel à un alchimiste qui prétendait avoir trouvé l'élixir de longue vie. Au XIXe siècle, Charles Edouard Brown Séquard, (1819–1894) après la découverte du rôle des glandes endocrines et des sécrétions testiculaires, s'injecta un extrait de testicule de cobaye et de chien et s'en trouva rajeuni ! Au début du XXe siècle, plusieurs chirurgiens transplantèrent des testicules humains, provenant de condamnés à mort exécutés ou de donneurs volontaires. Les transplantations de testicules de singe par Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), dans les années 1920, eurent un grand retentissement et plus de 300 interventions de ce type furent réalisées. La simple ligature des canaux déférents (vasectomie) fut préconisée par Eugen Steinach (1866–1944). Sigmund Freud en fut l'un des « bénéficiaires ». Steinach proposa aussi l'irradiation des ovaires pour le rajeunissement féminin. Alexis Carrel (1873–1944) et Charles Lindbergh (1902–1974) réalisèrent en 1935 une pompe destinée à nourrir et à rajeunir des organes isolés. La découverte récente des cellules souches pluripotentes et celles de molécules sénolytiques suscitent de nouveaux espoirs.

Summary

Legends and myths regarding eternal youth exist since Antiquity. Prior to the 19th century those wishing to rejuvenate used baths or blood injections, searching to the Fountain of Youth or calling for an alchemist claiming to have found the Elixir of Youth. In the 19th century, Charles Edouard Brown Séquard (1819–1894), after the discovery of the function of the endocrinal glands and testicular secretions, inject himself with an extract from guinea pigs and dogs. He found himself rejuvenated! In the beginning of the 20th century, several surgeons transplanted human testicles coming from death row prisoners inmates or voluntary donors. The transplantation of monkey testicles by Serge Voronoff (1866–1951) had a important aftermath and more than 300 similar interventions took place. The simple ligation of the vas deferens (vasectomy) was recommended by Eugen Steinach (1866–1944). Sigmund Freud was one of the "beneficiaries". Steinach also advised the irradiation of the ovaries for female rejuvenation. In 1935, Alexis Carrel (1873–1944) and Charles Lindbergh (1902–1974) built a pump to feed and regenerate targeted organs. The discovery of pluripotent stem cells and senolytic molecules are building up new hopes on the matter.



Secondary bladder exstrophy repair with a bilateral gracilis muscle flap in an adult female patient: Case report of an original procedure

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Publication date: Available online 3 July 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique

Author(s): J.-B. Schaff, E. Fontaine, C. Dariane, A. Mejean, L. Lantieri, M. Hivelin

Summary

Classical bladder exstrophy (CBE), affecting 1 birth out of 30,000, is characterized by an evaginated bladder plate through a defect in the lower abdominal wall, multiple abdominal wall anomalies including a pubic bone arch dehiscence. Numerous approaches from childhood to adulthood are thus required, depending on the severity of the deformity, including the associated genital anomalies. We report the case of a 19-year-old woman with CBE with a history of three-failed primary closure. We performed a secondary neck closure with a concomitant suspension of the bladder neck and reconstruction of the lower abdominal wall using a bilateral gracilis muscle flap transposition. The early postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged at day ten postoperatively. The upper part of the genital sutures (labia minora) secondary healed in three weeks. Assessment at 2, 6 and 16 months postoperatively, respectively noticed a complete healing with successful sexual intercourses, perceived gracilis contraction by the patient, and finally, recent attempts to get pregnant. Neither urinary infection nor urinary leaks occurred. Bilateral crossed gracilis muscles transfer linking both rectus abdominis muscle in front of the reconstructed bladder neck might benefit to bladder exstrophy patients.

Résumé

L'extrophie vésicale est une malformation caractérisée par une évagination de la plaque vésicale au travers d'une déhiscence de la paroi abdominale inférieure associée à de multiples anomalies, notamment une déhiscence de l'arche osseuse pubienne. L'incidence est de 1 sur 30 000 naissances. Plusieurs interventions sont souvent nécessaires pour rétablir la continence et corriger les malformations génitales. Nous rapportons le cas d'une patiente de 19 ans que nous avons pris en charge dans notre centre après trois tentatives infructueuses de fermeture du col vésical. Nous avons effectué une reconstruction secondaire du col vésical et de la paroi abdominale inférieure en utilisant un double lambeau musculaire de gracilis. Les suites postopératoires ont été simples. La patiente est rentrée à domicile au dixième jour. Une désunion de la suture à la jonction des petites lèvres a été laissée en cicatrisation dirigée. Le suivi à 2, 6 et 16 mois a montré une cicatrisation complète. La patiente a repris une activité sexuelle avec un projet de grossesse. Il n'y a pas eu de nouvelles fuites ou d'infection urinaire. La reconstruction par double lambeau de gracilis croisés peut être une option pour la prise en charge chirurgicale de l'exstrophie vésicale.



Le portfolio de l’interne de chirurgie plastique : un outil d’aide à la formation des internes de chirurgie plastique en France ?

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Publication date: Available online 3 July 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique

Author(s): A. Bout-Roumazeilles, S. Dast, N. Assaf, C. Herlin, R. Sinna

Résumé

La réforme du troisième cycle des études médicales a modifié le modèle d'apprentissage des internes de chirurgie plastique, en lui amputant une année de formation. La réforme précise qu'un portfolio devra suivre l'interne au cours de sa formation. Jusqu'à présent la formation pratique des internes de chirurgie plastique était exclusivement dévolue au coordonnateur local de la spécialité et aucun contrôle officiel des connaissances n'avait lieu avant l'examen national du DESC. Prenant en compte ces faits nous avons imaginé le portfolio de l'interne de chirurgie plastique qui permettrait de guider l'interne dans sa progression pratique et dans l'acquisition de ses connaissances théoriques. Il permettrait aussi d'homogénéiser la formation nationale de la spécialité et pourrait, à terme, servir de support à une évaluation formelle des compétences pratiques des internes de chirurgie plastique. Dans un premier temps nous faisons un état des lieux de la formation avant l'apparition de la réforme. Puis nous détaillons les changements qui seront apportés par la réforme. Enfin nous décrivons le portfolio en détail, son contenu, son utilisation et son intérêt.

Summary

A recent reform of the French government has shortened the plastic surgery residency from 5 to 4 years. Until today, the evaluation and validation of the residency was shared between the local coordinator for practical skills and, after the residency, by the French College of Plastic Surgery for theorical knowledges. The new reform suggests to add a portfolio that will follow the resident during his surgical training. Based on the French reform and syllabus of others medical specialities, we designed a surgical portfolio that will help the resident both with his practical progression and his knowledges acquisition. The aim of the portfolio is to get a national unity of the plastic surgery training. As a first step we will describe the actual plastic surgery residency. Then, we will detail what the reform is going to change. At last, we will introduce the surgical portfolio, its content, its use and its goals.



The trapezius perforator flap: Versatility for locoregional reconstruction

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Publication date: Available online 22 June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique

Author(s): P. Frobert, F. Bekara, N. Bertheuil, E. Delay, C. Herlin, B. Chaput

Summary

Only a few surgical choices are available for cervical and thoracic spine coverage. The trapezius perforator flap is relatively unknown and only a few authors have published on this subject. In this article, we report on four clinical cases where a trapezius perforator flap was used either as a propeller flap, as a tunnelized island flap, or as a supercharged flap for cervical spine, thoracic spine and anterior cervical defects. Harvesting this flap is quite simple and enables high quality reconstruction with low donor-site morbidity in complex situations.

Résumé

Les solutions chirurgicales pour la couverture du rachis cervical ou thoracique sont assez restreintes. Le lambeau perforant trapèze est assez méconnu et peu d'auteurs ont publié sur ce sujet. Dans cet article, nous rapportons notre expérience de quatre cas où le lambeau perforant trapèze a été utilisé, soit dans sa version en hélice, soit en îlot tunnelisé, soit dans une version superchargée. Nous l'avons utilisé pour la reconstruction du rachis dans sa portion cervicale et thoracique, ou la région cervicale antérieure. Réaliser ce lambeau est relativement simple et permet des reconstructions de grande qualité avec peu de séquelles du site donneur, même dans des situations complexes.



Technique de prélèvement du lambeau fessier pour la reconstruction mammaire

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Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique

Author(s): V. Duquennoy-Martinot, C. Depoortère, C. Calibre, P. Guerreschi, P. Patenotre

Résumé

Le lambeau fessier inférieur est une technique de reconstruction mammaire autologue microchirurgicale utilisant les parties molles de la région du sillon sous-fessier. Le prolongement périnéal permet d'augmenter le volume prélevé. Le pédicule comportant un artère et deux grosses veine remonte dans l'échancrure ischiatique et peut atteindre 8 à 12 cm. Le changement de position en peropératoire, la relative brièveté du pédicule et la fermeté des tissus transférés sont contrebalancés par la discrétion des séquelles du site donneur et le volume toujours suffisant même chez la femme mince. La meilleure indication de cette technique est la reconstruction mammaire bilatérale mais il est aussi une solution en cas de contre-indication des autres lambeaux autologues, notamment le DIEP.

Summary

The lower gluteal flap is an autologous microsurgical breast reconstruction procedure using the soft tissue of the region of the gluteal sulcus. The perineal extension increases the volume of the sample. The pedicle with one artery and two large veins extends up the ischial notch and can reach 8 to 12 cm. The two operative positions, the relative shortness of the pedicle and the firm tissues transferred are balanced by the discretion of the sequelae of the donor site and the volume which is always enough even in the slim woman. The best indication of this technique is two-sided breast reconstruction but it also provides a solution in case of contraindication of other autologous flaps, especially DIEP.



Complications du traitement chirurgical des carcinomes basocellulaires après 75 ans. Étude rétrospective des facteurs pronostiques sur 158 cas

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Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique

Author(s): A. Chossat, O. Marco, M. Chaouat, M. Mimoun, D. Boccara

Résumé
Introduction

Le carcinome basocellulaire (CBC) est une pathologie à évolution locale, fréquente chez les sujets âgés qui présentent une fragilité pouvant freiner les indications du traitement chirurgical, bien qu'il soit le traitement de référence. L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser la morbidité et la mortalité associées au traitement chirurgical des CBC chez des patients de plus de 75 ans, afin d'isoler d'éventuels facteurs pronostics de complications postopératoires.

Matériel et méthode

Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective réalisée chez des patients de plus de 75 ans traités chirurgicalement pour un ou plusieurs CBC entre 2010 et 2015 dans le service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique de l'hôpital Saint-Louis à Paris. Les caractéristiques démographiques, les caractéristiques du traitement ainsi que le taux de complications majeures postopératoires ont été recensés. Une analyse univariée puis multivariée des différents facteurs de risque retrouvés ont été effectuées.

Résultats

Au total, 158 patients ont été analysés, avec un taux de complications majeures de 12 %. Les analyses statistiques ont retrouvé 5 facteurs de risque significatifs : un âge supérieur à 85 ans (p = 0,006), la prise d'un traitement anticoagulant au long cours (p = 0,02), la présence d'au moins une comorbidité (p = 0,018), une hospitalisation traditionnelle (p = 0,002) et la réalisation d'une anesthésie générale (p = 1,2e−10).

Conclusion

Il a été identifié 5 facteurs de risque de complications majeures postopératoires dans le traitement chirurgical des CBC chez les patients de plus de 75 ans. Ces facteurs pourraient orienter les équipes médico-chirurgicales dans la prise en charge optimale du CBC chez le patient âgé.

Summary
Introduction

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a pathology that evolves locally and it is common in elderly subjects whose frailty could restrict the indications for the reference treatment, which is based on surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the morbidity and the mortality associated with surgical treatment of BCC in patients over 75 years of age, so as to identify possible prognostic factors for postoperative complications.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective study carried out with patients over 75 years of age who were treated surgically for one or several BCC between 2010 and 2015 in the reconstructive and cosmetic plastic surgery unit of the Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris (France). We collated the demographic characteristics, the characteristics of the treatment, as well as the rate of major postoperative complications. We performed a univariate and then a multivariate analysis of the various risk factors that were identified.

Results

A total of 158 patients were analyzed and they exhibited a rate of major complications of 12%. The statistical analysis identified five significant risk factors: being over 85 years of age (P = 0.006), long-term use of anticoagulant treatment (P = 0.02), the presence of at least one comorbidity (P = 0.018), a conventional hospitalization (P = 0.002), and the use of general anesthesia (P = 1.2e−10).

Conclusion

Five risk factors for major postoperative complications with the surgical treatment of BCC in patients over 75 years of age were identified. These factors may provide direction to medico-surgical teams in regard to the optimal treatment of BCC in elderly patients.



Le lambeau de grand épiploon : traitement des plaies et lymphorrhees chroniques : à propos d’un cas

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): D. Boccara, K. Serror, M. Mimoun, M. Chaouat

Résumé
Introduction

Les complications cicatricielles post-chirurgie abdominale ou pelvienne sont plus fréquentes chez les patientes obèses. L'infection, les séromes et les retards de cicatrisation occasionnés peuvent dans ce cas être extrêmement difficiles à traiter. L'objectif de cette note technique est de vous présenter un cas original d'une patiente de 48 ans obèse, opérée neuf ans auparavant d'une hystérectomie par laparotomie et présentant de manière chronique une fistule chronique associée à une lymphorrée septique non résolutive malgré de multiples interventions chirurgicales, dont la guérison a pu être obtenue par un lambeau de grand épiploon.

Technique chirurgicale

L'idéal est de réaliser cette intervention en double équipe avec un chirurgien digestif en cas de survenue de plaie viscérale ou vasculaire intra-abdominale durant la dissection. Le lambeau de grand épiploon était levé de manière classique sur l'artère gastro-épiploïque droite. Un orifice suffisamment large doit être laissé au niveau de l'aponévrose abdominale afin d'éviter toute compression du pédicule. Enfin, le lambeau doit être étalé sur toute la surface du décollement et fixé à l'aponévrose antérieure.

Conclusion

La fiabilité et la richesse à la fois vasculaire et lymphatique font du lambeau de grand épiploon une méthode très efficace dans les cas de plaies chroniques associées à une lymphorrhée majeure. La cicatrisation obtenue dans le cas clinique présenté met ainsi en valeur les qualités spécifiques de ce lambeau.

Summary
Introduction

Cicatricial complications after abdominal or pelvic surgery are more frequent in obese patients. In this case, infection, seroma and delays in scarring can be extremely difficult to treat. The objective of this technical note is to present an original case of an obese patient operated nine years ago of a hysterectomy by laparotomy and chronically presenting a non-resolving septic seroma despite multiple surgical procedures whose healing could be obtained by a flap of greater omentum.

Surgical technique

The ideal is to carry out this intervention in a double team with a digestive surgeon in case of intra-abdominal visceral or vascular wound during dissection. The greater omentum flap was raised in a conventional manner over the gastroepiploic artery. A sufficiently wide orifice should be left at the level of the abdominal aponeurosis in order to avoid any compression of the pedicle. Finally, the flap must be spread over the whole surface of the detachment and fixed to the anterior aponeurosis.

Conclusion

Reliability and vascular and lymphatic richness make the greater omentum flap a very effective method in chronic wound cases associated with important seroma. The scarring obtained in the clinical case presented thus highlights the specific qualities of this flap.



Reconstruction par lambeau de Taylor après amputation abdomino-périnéale : à propos de 68 cas

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): D. Boccara, K. SerroR, J. Lefevre, M. Mimoun, M. Chaouat

Résumé
Introduction

La cicatrisation après amputation abdomino-périnéale est souvent difficile notamment chez les patients ayant bénéficié d'une radiothérapie. La reconstruction vaginale est également un enjeu important pour les femmes ayant bénéficié de cette chirurgie. Nous décrivons et analysons ici notre série de reconstructions périnéales par lambeau de Taylor modifié.

Matériel et méthode

Entre 2010 et 2016, 68 (52 femmes, 16 hommes) patients ont bénéficié d'une reconstruction par lambeau musculocutané de grand droit de l'abdomen à pédicule inférieur et à palette oblique dans les suites d'un cancer du canal anal (53), d'adénocarcinome du bas rectum (9) ou d'autres tumeurs malignes du périnée.

Résultats

À distance de l'intervention, tous les patients ont cicatrisé avec une médiane à 30 jours. Le taux de reprises chirurgicales était de 11,7 % dont 1 pour éventration. Les principales causes de retard de cicatrisation étaient les désunions cicatricielles, les abcès et les nécroses partielles. Aucun lambeau n'a ainsi été déposé. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 23,7 jours.

Conclusion

La reconstruction des pertes de substance périnéales post-amputation abdomino-périnéale a été grandement améliorée et fiabilisé par la réalisation de lambeaux de Taylor modifiés. Elle permet une cicatrisation complète et rapide avec un faible comorbidité.

Summary
Purposes

Healing after abdomino-perineal resection is often difficult, especially in patients who have undergone radiation therapy. Vaginal reconstruction is also an important issue for the women who undergo this surgery. We describe and analyze here our series of perineal reconstructions with modified Taylor flaps. Between 2010 and 2016, 68 patients (52 women, 16 men) with cancer of the anal canal (53), adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum (9), or other malignant neoplasms of the perineum underwent reconstruction with a rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) flap with an inferior pedicle and an oblique skin paddle.

Results

This review of records showed that all patients healed, with a median of 30 days. The reoperation rate was 11.7% including 1 for eventration. The principal causes for delayed healing were scar dehiscence, abscess, and partial necrosis. No flap required removal, however. The mean duration of hospitalization was 23.7 days.

Conclusion

Modified Taylor flaps substantially improved the reconstruction of defects resulting from abdomino-perineal resection. They enabled complete and rapid healing with low comorbidity.



Ombilicoplastie en aile de mouette : technique et satisfaction ; à propos de 96 cas

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): R. Merle, K. Serror, O. Marco, M. Chaouat, S. Teissier, M. Mimoun, D. Boccara

Résumé
But de l'étude

L'ombilic a un rôle majeur dans l'esthétique de la paroi abdominale antérieure. De nombreuses publications portent sur les dermolipectomies abdominales, mais peu se focalisent sur les ombilicoplasties. Celles-ci sont pourtant essentielles dans l'appréciation du résultat esthétique. L'ombilicoplastie en aile de mouette utilisée dans notre service est fiable et facilement reproductible. Dans cet article, nous évaluons la satisfaction des patientes ayant eu une dermolipectomie abdominale avec cette technique de transposition.

Matériel et méthode

Une étude rétrospective a été réalisée dans le service de chirurgie plastique de l'hôpital Saint-Louis à Paris, elle concernait les patientes opérées d'une dermolipectomie abdominale avec transposition de l'ombilic, entre le 1er janvier 2012 et le 31 décembre 2012. Toutes les patientes ont été opérées selon notre technique d'ombilicoplastie : désinsertion de l'ombilic en V, réinsertion de l'ombilic en « aile de mouette », un dégraissage périombilical associé à une plicature de la tige ombilicale. Les complications recensées dans les dossiers médicaux des patients et la satisfaction ont été évaluées par un questionnaire téléphonique.

Résultats

Quatre-vingt-seize patientes ont été incluses. Aucune patiente n'a présenté de souffrance ou de nécrose ombilicale. Le résultat global de la transposition ombilicale était jugé de bon à excellent pour 92,7 % des patientes.

Conclusion

L'ombilicoplastie en aile de mouette présente de nombreux avantages : c'est une technique simple, facilement reproductible, fiable, dont les patientes sont pour la plupart très satisfaites.

Summary
Goal of the study

The umbilicus has a major role in the aesthetics of the anterior abdominal wall. Many publications deal with abdominal dermolipectomies but few focus on umbilicoplasty. However, these are essential in assessing the aesthetic result. Umbilicoplasty in "aile de mouette" used in our service is reliable and easily reproducible. In this article, we evaluate the satisfaction of patients with abdominal dermolipectomy with this technique of transposition.

Materials and method

In the plastic surgery department of the Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris, we carried out a retrospective study of patients undergoing abdominal dermolipectomy with transposition of the umbilicus, between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2012. All patients were operated according to our technique of umbilicoplasty: disinsertion of the umbilicus in V, reinsertion of the umbilic in "aile de mouette", a degreasing periumbilical associated with a plication of the umbilical stem. The complications identified in patients medical records and satisfaction were assessed by a telephone questionnaire.

Results

Ninety-six patients were included. No patient presented umbilical necrosis. The overall result of umbilical transposition was considered good to excellent for 92.7% of patients.

Conclusion

Umbilicoplasty in gull wing has many advantages: it is a simple, easily reproducible, reliable technique, the patients of which are for the most part very satisfied.



Élaboration d’un questionnaire de satisfaction encadrant la chirurgie de féminisation faciale chez les patientes transsexuelles male to female (QESFF1) : Phase qualitative

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): C. Verbruggen, R. Weigert, P. Corre, V. Casoli, M. Bondaz

Résumé
Objectif

La chirurgie de féminisation faciale fait partie intégrante du processus de transformation des patientes transsexuelles male to female. Une évaluation globale de la satisfaction de ces patientes par un questionnaire spécifique est fondamentale afin de confirmer le bénéfice de cette chirurgie et d'optimiser les pratiques cliniques. L'objectif de cette étude est de développer un outil fiable et valide permettant de mesurer la satisfaction de ces patientes.

Méthodes

Une revue de la littérature, l'avis d'une commission d'experts et des entretiens avec des patientes issues de la population cible ont permis de mettre en place le Conceptual Framework du questionnaire. Il regroupe l'ensemble des domaines majeurs du questionnaire et a permis la création des différents items.

Résultats

Aucun questionnaire n'existe à ce jour pour mesurer de manière spécifique la satisfaction de ces patientes. Dix experts et 18 patientes ont participé à l'étude. Le Conceptual Framework se compose des domaines suivants : satisfaction concernant l'apparence féminine du visage ; les séquelles postopératoires ; qualité de vie. Le questionnaire comprend quatorze échelles de Likert indépendantes entre elles, utilisables en préopératoire et postopératoire. La fiabilité du questionnaire est excellente avec un score Alpha de Cronbach moyen de 0,85. La satisfaction mesurée après chirurgie de féminisation faciale dans cet étude est très bonne avec une moyenne de 83,7 ± 7,41.

Conclusion

Le QESFF1 est un questionnaire fiable dont la création respecte les étapes du patients reported outcomes process. La démonstration de sa validité nécessite une étude pluricentrique ultérieure. Il permet aux praticiens de mesurer objectivement l'impact de la chirurgie de féminisation faciale chez les patientes transsexuelles male to female et peut également être utilisé en recherche clinique.

Summary
Objective

Facial feminization surgery is becoming a more frequently requested procedure in transsexual male to female patients transformation. A global way of reporting outcomes data and showing the beneficial impact of this specific procedure is necessary. The objective of this study is to develop a reliable and valid tool to report patients' outcomes after facial feminization surgery.

Methods

A systematic literature review, input from experts working with transsexual patients and patient interviews were used to develop the conceptual framework of the questionnaire. It includes the outcomes deemed important to facial feminization surgery and it was used to construct items of the questionnaire.

Results

There is no specific tool for measuring patients outcomes after facial feminization surgery. Ten experts and 18 patients participated to this study. The conceptual framework includes the following themes: satisfaction with facial feminine appearance; adverse effects; quality of life. The questionnaire includes fourteen separate Likert scales, with preoperative and postoperative versions. The reliability of the questionnaire is excellent with a medium Alpha score of 0.85. Facial feminization surgery is associated with high patient satisfaction in this sample (83.7 ± 7.41).

Conclusion

QESFF1 is a reliable questionnaire and its development follows the steps recommended by the patient-reported outcomes process. A large sample pilot test is needed to demonstrate its validity. The QESFF1 can provide physicians with the necessary tools to measure the impact of facial feminization surgery on male to female transsexual patients and also has the potential to support clinical trials.



Injections d’acides hyaluroniques au niveau de visages atteints de malformations faciales. Étude préliminaire de l’assouplissement des zones cicatricielles et de l’amélioration esthétique

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): G. Franchi, C. Neiva-Vaz, A. Picard, M.-P. Vazquez

Résumé
Objectif de l'étude

Les « volumateurs » à base d'acide hyaluronique réticulé sont la référence pour traiter les rides superficielles, les plis profonds et les creux liés au vieillissement du visage. Cette étude a pour objectif d'évaluer, en plus des effets d'augmentation de volume, les effets sur la souplesse et l'élasticité des tissus cicatriciels, de 3 acides hyaluroniques réticulés commercialisés (dosés à 15 mg/mL, 17,5 mg/mL et 20 mg/mL), après chirurgie réparatrice chez des patients atteints d'anomalies faciales congénitales ou acquises.

Patients et méthode

Nous avons débuté l'usage des acides hyaluroniques réticulés en gel injectable dans ces indications en 2013 et avons réalisé à ce jour 46 séances d'injections, chez 32 patients âgés de 13–32 ans. Les résultats ont été évalués par le patient lui-même et par un chirurgien, environ 15 jours après les injections et 6–18 mois plus tard.

Résultats

Les acides hyaluroniques réticulés ont apporté des résultats morphologiques et esthétiques très subtils, en complément des interventions chirurgicales, avec un niveau de satisfaction élevé des patients. Dans les zones cicatricielles fibreuses, la première session d'injections améliorait la souplesse et l'élasticité ; la seconde session améliorait les volumes. Les acides hyaluroniques sont capables de restaurer simultanément les volumes manquants et l'élasticité des tissus cicatriciels.

Conclusion

Au-delà de leur fonction de volumateur, un second effet des acides hyaluroniques réticulés est démontré cliniquement : l'augmentation de la souplesse et de l'élasticité des tissus cicatriciel fibreux. Plusieurs études expérimentales corroborent nos résultats en démontrant qu'ils modifient la composition des matrices extra cellulaires notamment en stimulant la production d'élastine et de collagène.

Summary
Background

Cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers have gained rapid acceptance for treating facial wrinkles, deep tissue folds and sunken areas due to aging. This study evaluates, in addition to space-filling properties, their effects on softness and elasticity as a secondary effect, following injection of 3 commercially available cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers (15 mg/mL, 17,5 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL) in patients presenting with congenital or acquired facial malformations.

Patients et methods

We started injecting gels of cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers in those cases in 2013; we performed 46 sessions of injections in 32 patients, aged from 13–32. Clinical assessment was performed by the patient himself and by a plastic surgeon, 15 days after injections and 6–18 months later.

Results

Cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers offered very subtle cosmetic results and supplemented surgery with a very high level of satisfaction of the patients. When injected in fibrosis, the first session enhanced softness and elasticity; the second session enhanced the volume. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers fill sunken areas and better softness and elasticity of scar tissues.

Conclusion

In addition to their well-understood space-filling function, as a secondary effect, the authors demonstrate that cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers improve softness and elasticity of scarring tissues. Many experimental studies support our observations, showing that cross-linked hyaluronic acid stimulates the production of several extra-cellular matrix components, including dermal collagen and elastin.



Les brûlures profondes par agents basiques : évaluation d’une stratégie chirurgicale en deux temps

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): F. Devinck, C. Deveaux, Y. Bennis, V. Deken-Delannoy, M. Jeanne, V. Martinot-Duquennoy, P. Guerreschi, L. Pasquesoone

Résumé
Introduction

Les brûlures chimiques sont rares mais entraînent des lésions cutanées souvent profondes. Les agents basiques possèdent un pouvoir pénétrant fort et prolongé, provoquant des brûlures évolutives sur plusieurs jours. Le traitement local de ces patients est chirurgical associant excision et couverture par greffe de peau mince. Réalisées précocement dans un contexte d'agent chimique, ces greffes sont de prise difficile, retardant la cicatrisation. Nous proposons donc pour ces patients de différer la greffe de peau mince, 10 jours après l'excision de la brûlure. Nous présentons une étude comparative originale et nouvelle pour évaluer notre stratégie chirurgicale en deux temps.

Matériel et méthodes

Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective des patients victimes de brûlures profondes par agents basiques pris en charge dans le centre des brûlés de Lille. Les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et les modalités de prise en charge chirurgicales ont été étudiées sur dossier. Nous avons comparé la durée de cicatrisation et le taux de lyse de greffes de peau chez les patients ayant bénéficié d'une couverture initiale (témoins) ou secondaire (cas) après excision. Cette comparaison a été possible après appariement sur l'âge et le sexe.

Résultats

Notre population a inclus 25 témoins et 16 cas. Les hommes étaient majoritairement atteints avec un âge moyen de 41,9 ans. Les brûlures étaient localisées dans 78 % des cas aux membres inférieurs. Le délai entre la brûlure et l'excision était en moyenne de 16,5 jours. Chez les cas, la greffe de peau mince était réalisée en moyenne 11,3 jours après l'excision initiale. Nous n'avons pas mis en évidence de différence significative entre les deux groupes pour la surface corporelle totale atteinte, la topographie des brûlures et l'agent causal. La durée de cicatrisation était significativement plus courte chez les cas par rapport aux témoins (37,5 jours vs 50,3 jours ; p < 0,025). On observait de plus une diminution du nombre de lyse de greffes chez les cas par rapport aux témoins (13,3 % vs 46,7 % ; p = 0,059).

Conclusion

Notre étude montre l'intérêt d'une stratégie chirurgicale en deux temps chez les patients victimes de brûlures par agents basiques. L'excision dite précoce associée à la réalisation d'une greffe de peau mince dans un second temps permet une cicatrisation plus rapide et diminue les risques de lyse de greffe.

Summary
Introduction

Chemical burns are rare but often lead to deep cutaneous lesions. Alkali agents have a deep and long lasting penetrating power, causing burns that evolve over several days. The local treatment for these patients is excision of the wound and split thickness skin graft. Early excision and immediate skin grafting of alkali burns are more likely to be complicated by graft failure and delayed wound healing. We propose a two-step method that delays skin grafting until two-three days after burn wound excision.

Results

Our population included 25 controls and 16 cases. Men were predominant with a mean age of 41.9 years. In 78% of cases, burns were located on the lower limbs. The mean delay between the burn and excision was 16.5 days. In cases, the skin graft was performed at a mean of 11.3 days after the initial excision. We did not unveil any significant difference between both groups for the total skin surface affected, topography of the burns and the causal agent. Wound healing was significantly shorter in cases vs controls (37.5 days vs 50.3 days; P < 0.025). Furthermore, we observed a decreased number of graft failures in cases vs controls (13.3% vs 46.7%; P = 0.059).

Conclusion

Our study shows the relevance of a two-step surgical strategy in patients with alkali chemical burns. Early excision followed by interval skin grafting is associated with quicker wound healing and decreased rate of graft failure.



Oncological safety of nipple-sparing prophylactic mastectomy: A review of the literature on 3716 cases

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): T. Muller, A. Baratte, C. Bruant-Rodier, F. Bodin, C. Mathelin

Summary
Introduction

The objective of our study was to evaluate the risk of cancer after prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy (PNSM).

Material and methods

The PubMed database was consulted using the following key-words: "nipple-sparing mastectomy", "prophylactic", "locoregional recurrence", "oncological risk". Articles published between January 1995 and December 2016 were searched.

Results

Out of the 270 articles found, 19 were included. Overall, 15 studies were retrospective, 2 prospective, 2 prospective and retrospective and 3 were multicentric. All told, they involved 3890 patients corresponding to 6786 mastectomies, among which the total number of prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomies was 3716. Average age of the patients was 44.4 years and average follow-up was 38.4 months (8–168 months); 29.4% of them had a BRCA 1 or 2 mutation; 85 and 15% underwent prosthetic and autologous reconstructions, respectively. Average cancer rates exterior to and within the nipple areolar complex (NAC) were 0.2 and 0.004%, respectively. The overall average rate of histological pre-malignant lesions in the nipple areolar complex was 1.5%. The overall complication rate was 20.5%, and necrosis rates of the nipple areolar complex and the skin were 8.1 and 7.1%, respectively.

Conclusion

In prophylactic breast surgery, conservation of the nipple areolar complex does not seem to increase the risk of cancer development. However, short follow-up time and the different methodologies applied in the different studies presently preclude generalization of the technique.

Résumé
Introduction

L'objectif de cette revue était d'évaluer le risque carcinologique après mastectomie prophylactique conservant la plaque aréolo-mamelonnaire (PAM).

Matériel et méthodes

La base de données PubMed a été utilisée avec les mots clés « nipple sparing mastectomy », « prophylactic », « locoregional recurrence », « oncological risk », de janvier 1995 à décembre 2016.

Résultats

Sur 270 articles retrouvés, 19 ont été inclus. Quinze études étaient rétrospectives, 2 prospectives, 2 prospectives et rétrospectives et 3 multicentriques. Le nombre total de patientes incluses était de 3890, pour lesquelles 6786 mastectomies ont été réalisées dont 3716 mastectomies prophylactiques conservant la PAM. L'âge moyen des patientes était de 44,4 ans ; le suivi moyen de 38,4 mois (8–168 mois) ; 29,4 % des patientes avaient une mutation délétère des gènes BRCA1 ou 2 ; 85 % des reconstructions étaient prothétiques et 15 % autologues. Les taux moyens de développement d'un cancer à distance de la PAM et sur la PAM étaient respectivement de 0,2 et 0,004 %. Le taux moyen de lésions frontières ou in situ situées sous la PAM était de 1,5 %. Le taux de complications global était de 20,5 %, les taux de nécrose de la PAM et de l'étui cutané étaient respectivement de 8,1 et 7,1 %.

Conclusion

Dans le cadre de la chirurgie prophylactique mammaire, la conservation de la PAM ne semble pas majorer le risque carcinologique. Cependant, le recul faible et la méthodologie des différentes études ne permettent pas de généraliser cette technique.



Improving free-flap survival using intra-operative heparin: Ritualistic practice or evidence-base medicine? A systematic review

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): C. Couteau, K. Rem, D. Guillier, V. Moris, M. Revol, S. Cristofari

Summary
Introduction

The failure rate of free flaps is approximately 5%, mostly due to thrombosis of microvascular anastomosis. A number of pharmacological agents have been tested in order to enhance the patency of microvascular anastomosis and so to as extend the survival of free flaps. One of them is heparin, a very commonly used anticoagulant. However, there exists no consensus on its use in microsurgery as concerns time of introduction (pre-, intra- or post-operative), recommended dosage, or duration of utilization. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the use of intra-operative heparin, in its systemic or topical forms, can bring about improved survival of free flaps, and if and when it should be recommended in microsurgery.

Material and methods

A systematic review on the PUBMED database enabled us to identify articles evaluating the benefits of intra-operative heparin with regard to free-flap survival. All in all, fifteen articles in animal and human research were selected.

Results

As far as animal research is concerned, 9 studies out of 11 showed the superiority of topical intra-operative heparin compared to saline in improving free-flap survival rates through improved patency of the anastomosis. As regards systemic intra-operative heparin, on the other hand, only two trials out of four yielded favorable results. In clinical research in humans, there has been no prospective randomized trial studying the action of topical intra-operative heparin in vessel irrigation of ex-vivo free flaps before vascular repermeabilisation. However, the preliminary results of four trials seem to provide positive arguments for this practice.

Conclusion

The use of systemic per-operative heparin (intravenous injection) does not improve the survival of free flaps in either animal models or humans. In animal models, however, the use of topical intra-operative heparin (vessel irrigation) has been shown to improve the free-flap survival rate by avoiding thrombosis of microvascular anastomosis. Finally, in clinical studies concerning humans, as of now no prospective randomized trial has proven that use of topical intra-operative heparin to ensure vessel irrigation in ex-vivo flaps is likely to increase free-flap survival. Studies should be conducted to decide whether or not to validate a rather ritualistic practice that consists in irrigating the relevant vessels before anastomosis; does it or does it not improve the patency rate?

Résumé
Introduction

Le taux d'échec des lambeaux libres est d'environ 5 %, le plus souvent en lien avec une thrombose du pédicule vasculaire. De nombreux agents pharmacologiques ont été étudiés afin d'optimiser le succès des anastomoses microchirurgicales et ainsi d'améliorer la survie des lambeaux. Parmi ces molécules on retrouve l'héparine, un anti-coagulant utilisé couramment en pratique clinique. Il n'existe pourtant pas de consensus sur son utilisation en microchirurgie, que ce soit sur le moment de son introduction (pré-, per- ou postopératoire), la durée ou encore la dose d'utilisation. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer si l'injection d'héparine peropératoire par voie systémique ou locale permet d'améliorer le taux de survie des lambeaux libres et de justifier ainsi son utilisation d'héparine en pratique courante microchirurgicale.

Matériel et méthodes

Une revue de la littérature effectuée sur la base de recherche PUBMED a permis d'identifier les articles étudiant les bénéfices de l'héparine peropératoire sur la survie des lambeaux libres. Quinze articles ont été retenus en recherche animale ou chez l'homme.

Résultats

Chez l'animal, 9 articles sur 11 ont montré une amélioration du taux de survie des lambeaux grâce au flush des vaisseaux par du sérum hépariné avant la fin de la réalisation de l'anastomose micro-chirurgicale. En revanche, en ce qui concerne l'utilisation d'héparine systémique, les résultats sont partagés avec 2 études pour et 2 études contre. Chez l'homme, il n'existe pas d'essai prospectif contrôlé randomisé étudiant l'action topique peropératoire du sérum hépariné pour le rinçage des vaisseaux des lambeaux libre ex-vivo en ischémie froide avant reperméabilisation vasculaire. Des résultats préliminaires dans 4 études semblent toutefois inciter à recourir à cette pratique.

Conclusion

Que ce soit chez l'homme ou l'animal, l'utilisation d'héparine systémique (injection intra-veineuse) en peropératoire n'améliore pas la survie des lambeaux. En recherche fondamentale, sur les modèles animaux, l'utilisation peropératoire d'héparine topique (irrigation des vaisseaux) améliore le taux de survie des lambeaux libres en diminuant le taux de thrombose au site de l'anastomose. En revanche, chez l'homme il n'existe aucun essai contrôlé randomisé prouvant que l'héparine locale peropératoire via l'irrigation des lambeaux ex-vivo par du sérum hépariné avant la réalisation de l'anastomose, augmenterait le taux de survie des lambeaux libres. Des études restent à entreprendre afin de valider ou non cette pratique quasi-rituelle qu'est l'irrigation locale des lambeaux libres ex-vivo au sérum hépariné avant l'anastomose microchirurgicale.



Editorial Board

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s):



Le microlift biplan. Principes, technique, résultats

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): V. Mitz

Résumé

La demande pour des liftings plus légers que le grand lifting cervico-facial biplan avec grands décollements a significativement augmenté ces dernières années. Cela explique la popularité des méthodes de lifting « médical » basées sur les fils tenseurs. Une alternative chirurgicale est néanmoins possible en développant une technique dérivée des minilifts, mais comportant une dissection monobloc (peau + SMAS), et respectant au maximum les ligaments suspenseurs de la face, tout en y associant une résection cutanée pré dessinée. Trente-deux patients ont été opérés selon cette technique depuis 2014 ; 3 ont dû subir une retouche pour détérioration du résultat après 1 an. Peu de complications ont été observées, essentiellement sous forme d'hématomes modérés, ou des conflits cutanés de cicatrisation sur fils résorbables. Les meilleures indications semblent être les patients jeunes présentant un début de bajoues ou de distension cervicale, ou les reprises légères après un premier grand lifting classique.

Summary

There has been a growing number of patients asking for a lighter face lift than the classical biplane procedure with wide undermining; This explains the popularity of medical threads lifts. A surgical approach is nevertheless possible by performing a new technique, derived from minilfts, but with a dissection elevating skin and SMAS layers together, preserving as much retaining ligaments as possible, and allowing a predesigned skin excision. Thirty-two patients have been operated this way since 2014; 3 asked and sustained for a redo because of skin relapse at one year postoperatively. Few complications have occurred, mostly limited hematomas, or skin problems because of suture threads rejection. The best indications seemed to be young patients presenting a jowl ptosis or cervical skin laxity, and patients who require a secondary facelift as a lighter procedure.



Sans complexe et à côté de la plaque !

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): J. Glicenstein



Génioplasties d’augmentation prothétiques et osseuses, à visée esthétique : revue de littérature et actualisation des connaissances

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): A. Baus, K. Rem, M. Revol, S. Cristofari

Résumé

La génioplastie d'augmentation est un geste chirurgical couramment pratiqué, que ce soit dans le traitement des microgénies, dans le cadre d'une chirurgie orthognatique ou à visée esthétique. Le choix de la technique diffère selon les spécialités chirurgicales qui la pratiquent. Il existe un grand nombre de publications sur le sujet, permettant de comparer les différentes méthodes chirurgicales, leurs indications et leurs complications. Le but de cette étude était de réaliser une revue de littérature avec actualisation des connaissances, ainsi qu'une synthèse des indications préférentielles de génioplasties osseuses et prothétiques à visée esthétique.

Conclusion

Malgré la généralisation des implants « modernes » en France, la génioplastie prothétique reste plus fréquemment pourvoyeuse de complications graves (infections, extrusions, érosions osseuses). De même, cette technique possède des indications bien plus limitées que la génioplastie osseuse, qui a l'avantage d'une meilleure longévité. Dans une logique d'augmentation mentonnière à visée esthétique, la génioplastie osseuse devrait donc être réalisée plus facilement et plus fréquemment par les chirurgiens, toutes spécialités confondues.

Summary

Chin augmentation is commonly practiced, whether in microgenia treatment, in cases of orthognathic or cosmetic surgery. Located at the crossroads of many specialties, the technique choice still differs according to the surgeon specialiy. A large number of publications on the subject are available. A comparaison between different surgical methods is therefore possible concerning their indications and their complication. The purpose of this study was to carry out a literature review, with updating knowledge, as well as a synthesis indication regarding aesthetic osseous and alloplastic genioplasty. Despite the generalization of "modern" implants in France, prosthetic genioplasty remains more frequently the source of serious complications (infections, extrusions, bone erosions). Similarly, this technique has much more limited indications than osseous genioplasty, which has the advantage of a better longevity. In order to increase the aesthetic appearance of the chin, osseous genioplasty should be performed more easily and more frequently by surgeons on all sides.



Prise en charge des cicatrices hypopigmentées post-brûlure

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): M. Schmidt, K. Serror, M. Chaouat, M. Mimoun, D. Boccara

Résumé
Objectif

L'hypopigmentation définitive des cicatrices est une complication fréquente après les brûlures profondes traitées par cicatrisation dirigée, et peut entraîner des séquelles esthétiques importantes. Le traitement chirurgical a pour but d'enlever les tissus cicatriciels puis d'apporter des mélanocytes sains, en limitant la surface des zones donneuses. Cette revue détaille les différents traitements proposés pour prendre en charge les cicatrices hypopigmentées post-brûlures, et en précise les indications.

Méthodes

Les articles publiés entre 1985 et 2016 ont été recherchés sur Pubmed. Les études sur le traitement des cicatrices hypopigmentées étaient incluses uniquement si elles étaient secondaires à des brûlures. Les traitements ont été évalués en fonction de la région et la surface de la cicatrice, la couleur de la peau et l'efficacité de la repigmentation.

Résultats

Seize études ont été incluses. Les traitements non chirurgicaux comme le maquillage et le tatouage, et les traitements chirurgicaux comme la greffe de peau mince pleine, les microgreffes, les greffes enfouies, la suspension cellulaire de mélanocytes et kératinocytes autologues, et la culture de cellules épithéliales, ont été comparés.

Conclusion

La greffe de peau mince pleine est un traitement fiable, particulièrement pour les petites lésions hypopigmentées car cette méthode nécessite une zone donneuse de la même taille que la zone traitée. La suspension cellulaire peut être une alternative pour les lésions plus étendues. De plus une démarcation entre la greffe et la peau normale peut exister, et quand une couleur précise est attendue en particulier sur la face, le tatouage et la microgreffe sont efficaces.

Summary
Objective

Permanent hypopigmentation of burn scars is a common consequence after partial and full thickness burns that heal by secondary intent, and they can cause severe aesthetic issues. The surgical goals for effective treatment of postburn hypopigmentation are to remove scar tissues, and to produce healthy melanocytes, with minimal donor site morbidity. This article reviews the current literature about the different ways to treat hypopigmentation following burn injuries and discusses the indications.

Methods

The PubMed database was searched for articles published from 1985 and up to 2016. Papers with regards to the management of hypopigmented lesions were included only if scars were following burn injuries. The treatments were assessed according to body region treated, surface involved, skin color, effectiveness on restoring skin pigmentation.

Results

Sixteen studies were included in this review. Non-surgical treatments like makeup and tattooing, and surgical treatments including thin skin grafting, chip skin grafting, punch grafting, non-cultured keratinocyte-melanocyte cell suspension, and cultured epidermal cells were all compared.

Conclusion

Thin skin grafting is a reliable treatment especially for patient who suffer from small hypopigmented lesions as this method requires a donor skin of the same size. The cell suspension procedure may be beneficial for larger scars. Moreover demarcation between skin graft and normal skin may exist and when a precise color match is required, particularly in the head, tattooing and chip skin grafting produce a good pigmentation outcome.



Couverture des pertes de substance du rachis en chirurgie orthopédique par des lambeaux perforants lombaires en hélice : à propos de 6 cas

Publication date: June 2018

Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique, Volume 63, Issue 3

Author(s): L. Ruffenach, E. Robert, C. Dissaux, C. Bruant-Rodier, F. Bodin

Résumé
Introduction

Au niveau des lombes, la présence de volumineuses perforantes paravertébrales modifie les stratégies de couverture chirurgicale dans la région lombaire.

Matériels et méthodes

Les auteurs présentent une série de pertes de substance lombaire suite à une chirurgie du rachis, de 2012 à 2017. La couverture a été assurée par des lambeaux fascio-cutanés en hélice perforants provenant des artères lombaires.

Résultats

Six patients ont été opérés d'âge moyen de 62,3 ans (de 52 à 78 ans), avec un suivi moyen de 16 mois (de 6 à 41 mois). Les pertes de substances ont été secondaires à une exérèse carcinologique, à une exérèse de lésion de radiodermite et à quatre débridements sur infection du site opératoire. Dans cinq cas, la reconstruction a été assurée par un lambeau perforant lombaire, et dans un cas par deux lambeaux perforants lombaires. La taille moyenne des pertes de substances a été de 171,9 cm2 (de 78 à 250 cm2). La taille moyenne des lambeaux prélevés a mesuré 161 cm2 (de 50 à 250 cm2). Le site donneur a été autofermant sans séquelles. Les suites postopératoires ont été simples et marquées par une unique nécrose partielle d'un lambeau, d'évolution favorable après cicatrisation dirigée. La couverture a été de bonne qualité avec une excellente trophicité.

Conclusion

Les lambeaux fascio-cutanés en hélice perforants d'origine lombaire s'avèrent un moyen de couverture fiable des pertes de substances en région lombaire. L'utilisation de ces lambeaux permet d'éviter le prélèvement de lambeaux musculocutanés complexes, occasionnant des séquelles du site donneur dans une localisation difficile à couvrir.

Summary
Introduction

The existence of voluminous paralumbar perforators allows a simplification of the coverage of the lumbar region.

Materials and methods

The authors present a series about lumbar loss substance following orthopedic surgery, from 2012 to 2017. Coverage was provided by a fascio-cutaneous lumbar perforator flap.

Results

Six patients were operated with mean age of 62.3 years, with an average follow-up of 16 months (up 6 to 41 months). Substance losses were secondary to a carcinologic excision, to a radiodermitis excision and to four debridements after infection of the operative site. In five cases, the reconstruction was performed by one lumbar perforator flap, and in one case by two lumbar perforator flaps. The average size of the substance losses was 171.91 cm2 (up 78 to 250 cm2). The average size of the flaps taken was 161 cm2 (up 50 to 250 cm2). The donor site was self-closing without sequelae. The postoperative sequences were simple and marked by a single partial necrosis of a flap, with a favorable evolution after directed healing. The quality of the cover was good with excellent trophicity.

Conclusion

Lumbar perforator helical fascio-cutaneous flaps are a reliable means of covering the loss of substances in the lumbar region. The use of these flaps makes it possible to avoid the taking of complex myo-cutaneous flaps, causing sequelae of the donor site in a location difficult to cover.



Recommendations for the Use of Etoposide-Based Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation for the Treatment of HLH: Consensus Statements by the HLH Steering Committee of the Histiocyte Society

Publication date: Available online 4 July 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Stephan Ehl, Itziar Astigarraga, Tatiana von Bahr Greenwood, Melissa Hines, AnnaCarin Horne, Eiichi Ishii, Gritta Janka, Michael B. Jordan, Paul La Rosée, Kai Lehmberg, Rafal Machowicz, Kim E. Nichols, Elena Sieni, Zhao Wang, Jan-Inge Henter

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome requiring aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Following 2 large international studies mainly targeting pediatric patients with familial disease and patients without underlying chronic or malignant disease, the HLH-94 protocol is recommended as the standard of care when using etoposide-based therapy by the Histiocyte Society. However, in clinical practice, etoposide-based therapy has been widely used beyond the study inclusion criteria, including older patients and patients with underlying diseases (secondary HLH). Many questions remain around these extended indications and published reports do not address several practical issues. To tackle these concerns, the HLH Steering Committee of the Histiocyte Society decided to issue guidance for use of the HLH-94 protocol. The group convened in a structured consensus finding process to define recommendations that are based largely on expert opinion backed up by available data from the literature. The recommendations address all main elements of HLH-94 including corticosteroids, cyclosporin, etoposide, intrathecal therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and consider various forms of HLH and all age groups. Aspects covered include indications, applications, dosing, side effects, duration of therapy, salvage therapy, and HSCT. These recommendations aim to provide a framework to guide treatment decisions in this severe disease.



Eosinophilic Esophagitis and the Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases: Approach to diagnosis and management

Publication date: Available online 3 July 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Erin Steinbach, Michelle Hernandez, Evan S. Dellon

Abstract

The eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGID) represent disorders of the GI tract that result from the local infiltration and aberrant activity of eosinophils and other immune cells. Eosinophilic esophagitis is the most well-characterized EGID and is defined by the presence of intraepithelial eosinophils in the esophagus (≥15 eosinophils per high powered field) and clinical symptoms associated with esophageal dysfunction. The other EGID are rare and lack strong data regarding pathogenesis and management. The incidence and prevalence of EoE are increasing, and EoE is now a major cause of upper GI morbidity. Management is multidisciplinary, with collaboration between gastroenterologists, allergists, pathologists, and dieticians, and is aimed at amelioration of symptoms and prevention of long-term complications such as esophageal stricture. Treatment options for EoE include proton pump inhibitors, swallowed topical corticosteroids, and elimination diets. Esophageal dilation is used when esophageal strictures or fibrostenotic changes are present. Additional therapies targeting eosinophils and other mediators of Th2 inflammation are under development and are promising. Treatment options for other EGIDs typically involve corticosteroids or dietary elimination.



The percentage of patients achieving complete remission of urticaria increases with repeated courses of treatment

Publication date: Available online 2 July 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Andrea Matucci, Francesca Nencini, Oliviero Rossi, Sara Pratesi, Paola Parronchi, Enrico Maggi, Alessandra Vultaggio



Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis: Are you sure about the diagnosis?

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): George N. Konstantinou



Delayed Unblinding of Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Food Challenges in Anxious Patients Allows Exclusion of Both Immediate and Delayed Adverse Reactions to Food

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Victoria E. Cook, Sharon To, Lianne Soller, Edmond S. Chan



On-Demand Intranasal Corticosteroids for Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis in Children

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Allison Hicks, Maureen Egan



Recurrent Angioedema

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Dennis K. Ledford, Timothy J. Craig



A favorable response to omalizumab in a patient with cheilitis granulomatosa

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Eustachio Nettis, Elisabetta Di Leo, Maria Bisaccia, Carolina Marasco, Caterina Foti, Angelo Vacca



Allergy and mental health among pregnant women in the Japan Environment and Children's Study

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada, Kazue Ishitsuka, Kyongsun Pak, Mayako Saito, Tadayuki Ayabe, Hidetoshi Mezawa, Mizuho Konishi, Limin Yang, Kenji Matsumoto, Hirohisa Saito, Yukihiro Ohya, Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group



Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I: A comprehensive review of all published cases

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Elena Almarza Novoa, Sanchali Kasbekar, Adrian J. Thrasher, Donald B. Kohn, Julian Sevilla, Tony Nguyen, Jonathan D. Schwartz, Juan A. Bueren



Occupational allergic respiratory disease (rinoconjunctivitis and asthma) in a cheese factory worker

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Elisa Gómez Torrijos, Carmen García Rodriguez, Beatriz Veleiro Pérez, Borja Bartolomé, Marcos Prado Barragan, Rosa Garcia Rodriguez



The first case of methemoglobinemia associated with omalizumab

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Caroline Kronborg, Marsus Pumar, Andrew Gillman



Exogenous progesterone hypersensitivity associated with recurrent pregnancy loss

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Merin Kuruvilla, Kristine Vanijcharoenkarn, Justin Wan, Nigel Pereira, Pak Chung



Drug-induced aseptic meningitis: A possible T-cell–mediated hypersensitivity

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Julie Castagna, Audrey Nosbaum, Thierry Vial, Aurore Rozieres, Florence Hacard, Marc Vocanson, Pauline Pralong, Christine Chuniaud-Louche, Jean-François Nicolas, Aurore Gouraud, Frédéric Bérard



Use of pdC1-INH concentrate for long-term prophylaxis during pregnancy in hereditary angioedema with normal C1-INH

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Juliana F.B. Garcia, Priscila Takejima, Camila Lopes Veronez, Marcelo V. Aun, Antonio A. Motta, Jorge Kalil, João Bosco Pesquero, Pedro Giavina-Bianchi



Montelukast reduces symptom severity and frequency in patients with angioedema-predominant chronic spontaneous urticaria

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Ayobami T. Akenroye, Conor McEwan, Sarbjit S. Saini



Food-dependent cold urticaria: A new variant of physical urticaria

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Kanokvalai Kulthanan, Papapit Tuchinda, Leena Chularojanamontri, Marcus Maurer



Variability in diagnosis and management of acquired cold-induced urticaria

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Yael Gernez, Scott H. Sicherer, Julie Wang



Intraoperative anaphylaxis secondary to systemic cooling in a pediatric patient with cold-induced urticaria

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Michelle C. Maciag, Charles Nargozian, Ana Dioun Broyles



Chronic inducible urticarias in children

Publication date: July–August 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 6, Issue 4

Author(s): Maddalena Napolitano, Matteo Megna, Claudia Costa, Nicola Balato, Cataldo Patruno



Treatment of dopplerable nummular headache with minimally invasive arterectomy under local anesthesia

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Bahman Guyuron, James Gatherwright, Deborah Reed, Hossein Ansari, Rebecca Knackstedt

Summary
Objective

The objective of the current study is to elucidate the potential role of surgery in the treatment of nummular headache (NH).

Background

NH is a disorder in which pain is localized to a specific area. Treatment has traditionally been medical, with the recent addition of nerve blocks and botox injection with equivocal results.

Design

Forty-nine patients were identified using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition, beta version. Patients were asked to identify the area of maximal pain. Patients who had an associated Doppler signal within the area of pain underwent surgical arterectomy using local anesthesia. Preoperative and postoperative headache frequency, severity, duration, and headache-free days were analyzed.

Results

There were a total of 49 patients included in the study (42F:7M) with an average age of 45 years (21–65 years). The average follow-up period was 16 months with a range of 8–33 months. There was a significant reduction in the frequency (-10.7 days; p < 0.001), severity (-3.5; p < 0.001), and duration (-0.3 hours; p = 0.4) of the headache. There was a significant increase in the number of headache-free days per month (10 vs. 21; p < 0.001). Headache index decreased by 39.6%, from an average of 378.6 to 228.4 (p < 0.05). Twelve patients (24.5%) were free from NH and able to discontinue their medications. There were no complications identified during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

NH, although rare, can be associated with significant disability despite current treatment modalities. In select patients, surgical arterectomy is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective treatment for NH.



Moderators of angiogenesis in muscle flaps: A non-randomised animal study

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Kimberley Bradshaw, Michael Wagels

Summary
Introduction

A muscle flap can survive a pedicle injury under favourable conditions. In the reconstruction of compound limb injuries, the wound milieu is variable and may affect the rate and manner of neovascularisation. Our aim is to determine the effect of some key clinical variables on neovascularisation in muscle flaps in an animal model.

Methodology

The pectoralis profundus was raised in 60 rats and covered with a skin graft. Fifteen rats were allocated to each of the following groups: separation of the flap from the skin inset (S), inflammation by inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus (I), flap elevation with harmonic scalpel (H) and preservation of the motor nerve (N) as well as compared to controls (C). Graft take and wound complications were assessed five days later, as well as perfusion before and after pedicle ligation, by laser Doppler flowmetry and neovascularisation using barium angiography.

Results

Flaps with an intact motor nerve had significantly higher graft take than controls (59% vs 29%). Perfusion change was lesser in all study groups than in controls, although the extent of flap necrosis was not significantly different. Only flaps raised with the harmonic scalpel generated more new vessels than controls at the inset (9.6 vs 3.2), particularly at the origin of the muscle (1.10 vs 0.19).

Conclusions

All study groups were less dependent on their pedicle for perfusion than controls. The use of the harmonic scalpel and increased inflammation seem pro-angiogenic, although they do not reduce flap necrosis after simulated pedicle injury. Neovascularisation will preferentially bridge to the skin at the inset rather than tissues in the base of the wound. It is likely that flap necrosis is the result of a combination of unfavourable variables rather than one in isolation.



Targeted muscle reinnervation for pain control in an elective transradial amputation

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Parviz Sadigh, Dimitris Reissis, Amir Sadri, Dariush Nikkhah



Should microsurgery move away from our binary measures of success and is it time to embrace reconstructive failure as a true measure of our patient outcomes?

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): D.B. Saleh



The forgotten aspects of the quality of life of significant others of patients with a peripheral facial palsy

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Robin E. Luijmes, Sjaak Pouwels, Stan J. Monstrey, Koen J.A.O. Ingels, Carien H.G. Beurkens



Application of new instruments for beginner lymphatic supermicrosurgeon

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Nana Yamamoto, Takumi Yamamoto, Rhohei Ishiura



History of plastic surgery: Art, philosophy, and rhinoplasty

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Valdas Macionis

Summary

The 200th anniversary of K. F. Graefe's "Rhinoplasty," E. Zeis' naming of the specialty of plastic surgery in 1838, and the continuing discussion on what is plastic surgery have prompted this historical–conceptual review with a semantic insight into the meaning of the word "plastic." A literature search has revealed that this term contains dual aspects: artistic and philosophical. The progressive development of these two connotations can be traced from their origin in the ceramics and the myths of ancient Greeks to their metamorphoses in fine arts, science, and philosophy of plasticity of the modern day. Although the names of plastic procedures and the title of the specialty carry both the artistic and philosophical features, the philosophical notion is less evident. This article underlines the importance of etymology in the interpretation of the concept of plastic surgery.



Long-term outcome of patients with or without osseointegrated implants after resection of mandibular ameloblastoma and reconstruction with vascularized bone graft: Functional assessment and quality of life

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Marco Pappalardo, Chung-Kan Tsao, Man Lung Tsang, Jie Zheng, Yang-Ming Chang, Chi-Ying Tsai

Summary
Background

The optimal management after the resection of mandibular ameloblastoma has been very challenging to surgeons. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional, aesthetic, and quality of life outcomes of patients who had a segmental mandibular resection and immediate reconstruction with or without osseointegrated implants.

Method

Patients' demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment, and complications were retrieved. Patients were divided into two groups: dental rehabilitated vs. nondental rehabilitated depending on the placement of osseointegrated implants followed by an implanted-retained prosthesis. Functional outcomes and quality of life were assessed using the Performance Status Scale, the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) scale, and the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Aesthetic outcome was evaluated by patients using a Visual Analog Scale.

Results

Thirty-four patients were reviewed. Twenty-two patients were included in the dental rehabilitated group and 12 in the nondental rehabilitated group. No recurrence of the tumor was found during the average follow-up period of 7.4 years. Although both groups reported a similar satisfaction in appearance, patients in the dental rehabilitated group scored significantly higher in masticatory function and "eating in public" (p < 0.01). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) regarding "chewing," "activity," and "anxiety" when assessed using the UW-QOL scale. Indeed, patients in the dental rehabilitated group showed a definitively better outcome in "physical disability" and "psychological discomfort" dimensions when assessed using the OHIP-14.

Conclusion

Vascularized bone graft reconstruction followed by immediate or delayed placement of osseointegrated implants showed as an ideal and predictable treatment modality for patients with ameloblastoma. The results suggested that patients with osseointegrated implants had a significantly better masticatory function, improved quality of life, and less psychological consequences.



Immediate and long-term results of unsintered hydroxyapatite and poly L-lactide composite sheets for orbital wall fracture reconstruction

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Keishi Kohyama, Yoko Morishima, Koki Arisawa, Yuko Arisawa, Hisakazu Kato

Summary
Introduction

Bone defect reconstruction in orbital wall fractures with absorbable alloplastic such as the unsintered hydroxyapatite and poly L-lactide composite (u-HA/PLLA) system is gaining popularity. The u-HA/PLLA material has osteoconductive and osteosynthetic properties. However, quantitative, long-term outcome data after the use of u-HA/PLLA for orbital wall fractures are lacking.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 115 patients who underwent surgical repair of orbital wall fractures with a u-HA/PLLA sheet from 2011 to 2016. A chart review was performed, and the time-dependent changes at fracture sites were assessed by imaging. The immediate postoperative and the latest follow-up bony orbital volumes of the affected side were compared.

Results

Seventy patients were eligible for this study (mean age, 44.6 ± 22.1 years; 48 men and 22 women; mean follow-up period, 29.7 ± 12.8 months). Except for one case of hematoma, there were no postoperative wound complications. Of the 70 patients, 10 had postoperative diplopia and 2 had enophthalmos; these conditions were presumably caused by the extension and severity of the fracture. Satisfactory reduction in the entire orbital wall, without pathological changes, was demonstrated. There were no significant differences in the mean bony orbital volumes of the affected side immediately after surgery (24.774 ± 3.092 cm3) and at the latest follow-up (24.749 ± 3.205 cm3) (p = 0.756).

Conclusion

The u-HA/PLLA sheet is useful for orbital wall fracture reconstruction because of its desirable handling characteristics, initial mechanical strength, long-term maintenance of structural stability, radiopacity, and few associated complications. Future randomized controlled trials need to be performed to compare u-HA/PLLA with other conventional materials.



Effects of platelet-rich plasma on tissue-engineered vascularized flaps in an in vivo chamber

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Yoshio Tanaka, Yusuke Hamamoto, Aizezi Niyazi, Tomohisa Nagasao, Masaki Ueno, Yasuhiko Tabata

Summary
Aims

We investigated the reproducibility of creating a vascularized tissue flap in an in vivo tissue engineering chamber by incubating a vascular pedicle imbedded in a collagen sponge with activated platelet-rich plasma (aPRP) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).

Methods

Collagen sponge soaked with saline (control group), bFGF (Group 1), aPRP (Group 2), and aPRP/controlled release bFGF (Group 3) was implanted with a saphenous arteriovenous pedicle into a tissue engineering chamber, located subcutaneously in the groin of rabbits. After 4 weeks of implantation, the contents in the chamber were harvested for volumetric and histological analyses.

Results

The total volume of generated tissue in Group 3 was the largest among the Groups (control group vs. Group 3, p < 0.01). The volume of the pedicle vascular bundle/adipose tissue component was larger in Groups 1 and 3 than that in the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The inflammatory tissue volume was larger in Groups 2 and 3 (control group vs. Group 3, p < 0.05). In a smaller long-term study, inflammatory tissue at 4 weeks was gradually replaced by the adipose tissue within 8 weeks.

Conclusion

PRP-induced inflammatory reactions were considered to be necessary to stimulate cell migration into the chamber, leading to more tissue regeneration with abundant cell components. We conclude that PRP contributes to the reproducibility of preparing vascularized flaps in an in vivo chamber.



The effect of template-based sequential (TBS) coding on an NHS plastic surgical practice

Publication date: July 2018

Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 7

Author(s): Ruben Y. Kannan, Catriona Neville, Tamsin Gwynn, Vanessa Venables, Raman Malhotra, Charles Nduka

Summary
Introduction

Clinical coding is often a mystery to us surgeons, but in actuality, it has a huge bearing on the financial sustainability of our services. Given the rapid innovations in plastic surgical procedures, clinical coders often struggle to decipher the extent of surgery. Meeting midway is the way forward here.

Methods

In a prospective audit over a six-month period, we analysed data from 2586 patients in our practice: a combination of general plastic surgery and specialist facial reanimation services. This involved comparing data from the first three months where coding was performed by clinical coders based on operating notes per se (phase I) and the subsequent three months when the operating surgeon filled in the OPCS 4.7 (version 2014) codes at the time of completing the operating notes; the clinical coders then vetted this information (phase II) as part of a sequential TBS coding system.

Results

In terms of outpatient income, there was a 3% increase in facial palsy income and 6% increase in general plastic services, but the most significant improvement was in terms of procedural income per case. General plastic surgery cases saw an increase of 49%, while facial palsy income increased by 58% over the same period. Greater insight into OPCS and HRG codes also allowed for the calculation of the actual tariffs for specific procedures.

Conclusions

Having the operating surgeon as the primary coder, using a template, with subsequent vetting by the clinical coders, improves data capture, and this in turn increases income. Future recommendations include the use of proforma-based operating notes for workhorse procedures.