Theoretical Insight into the Emission Properties of the Luciferin and Oxyluciferin of Latia

Abstract

Latia neritoides is a small limpet-like snail that produces a bright green bioluminescence (BL) via a unique light-emitting system. The process, mechanism and even light emitter of its light emission remain unknown, although this BL has been known for decades. Unlike the other BL systems, neither the luciferin (Luc) nor the oxyluciferin (OxyLuc) of Latia is fluorescent according to the previous experiments. In order to help to identify its bioluminophore, we studied the geometrical and electronic structures and absorption and fluorescence spectra of Latia Luc and its six analogues as well as its OxyLuc in the gas phase and in water. The calculated results provide clear evidence of the lack of fluorescence in the Luc and OxyLuc of Latia. For the analogues of Latia Luc, the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating ability of the substituted group affects the fluorescence. The results shed new light on the BL mechanism and will likely aid the understanding of Latia BL.

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