Versatile micro‐/nano‐motors (MNMs) are potential tools in the field of biomedicine. Unveiling the interplay of MNMs with the immune system is significant. This report elucidates from two perspectives based on recent research progress. One is focused on immune‐related barriers and strategies to overcome. While the other is about the applications of MNMs that join forces with the immune components.
Abstract
Mobile micro‐ and nano‐motors (MNMs) emerge as revolutionary platforms for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, biosensing, non‐invasive surgery, and cancer therapy. While for applications in biomedical fields and practical clinical translation, the interactions of these untethered tiny machines with the immune system is an essential issue to be considered. This review highlights the recent approaches of surpassing immune barriers to prevent foreign motors from triggering immune responses. In addition to trials focusing on the function preservation of MNMs, examples of versatile MNMs working with the immune components (immune molecules, immune cells and the whole system) to achieve cancer immunotherapy, immunoassay, and detoxification are outlined. The immune interference part provides researchers an idea about what is the limit presented by the immune components. The coworking part suggests ways to bypass or even utilize the limit. With interdisciplinary cooper ation of nanoengineering, materials science, and immunology field, the rationally designed functional MNMs are expected to provide novel opportunities for the biomedical field.
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