Indication and Technique of Orbital Exenteration

Orbital exenteration is a rare, severely disfiguring operation for the treatment of malignant orbital tumors. The tumors can arise from the orbit, metastasize to the orbit from distant sites, or invade the orbit from surrounding structures. The technique of exenteration mandates complete removal of the intraorbital contents, sometimes including the encompassing bony structures. This article will describe the indications and technique of orbital exenteration, as well as complications and several reconstructive strategies.