Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb fruit exerts anti-inflammatory effect via regulating arachidonic acid pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages

Abstract

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Family: Combretaceae), known as Bhibhitaki in Sanskrit and locally known as Behera in India, has been used for centuries in Ayurveda, a universal system of medicine in India. The dried fruit of T. bellirica is used for the treatment of several disorders. The present study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous acetone extracts isolated from T. bellirica (AATB) in RAW 264.7 cell lines. The AATB was prepared from the fruits of T. bellirica. Different concentrations of AATB (6.25–100 μg/ml) were used for MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of AATB was evaluated by using different assays such as total cyclooxygenase (COX), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity, nitrate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The mRNA level expression of COX-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were studied in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. AATB treatment significantly diminished the elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Moreover, AATB downregulated the mRNA level expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2 genes. The result of our study suggest the use of AATB and is able to reduce inflammatory conditions associated with various diseases.