Should platelet-rich plasma be activated in fat grafts? An animal study

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 5
Author(s): Barbara Hersant, Jonathan Bouhassira, Mounia SidAhmed-Mezi, Luciano Vidal, Mayoura Keophiphath, Barbara Chheangsun, Jeremy Niddam, Romain Bosc, Aurelie Le Nezet, Jean-Paul Meningaud, Anne Marie Rodriguez
BackgroundThe adjunction of platelet-rich plasma with graft fat has been the subject of a few clinical trials which have demonstrated its value in adipocyte survival. The aim of this study was to assess the different efficacies between activated and non-activated PRP on adipose cells in vitro and for adipose tissue graft survival in vivo.MethodsThe in vitro study assessed the effects of PRP on both the proliferation and adipocyte differentiation of adipose cells.For the in vivo study, 8 nude rats received 3 human fat injections as follows: 0.8 mL of fat + 0.2 mL of normal saline; 0.8 mL of fat + 0.2 mL of non-activated PRP; and 0.8 mL of fat + 0.2 mL of PRP activated with calcium chloride (CaCl2).The quantitative assessment of adipocyte survival was implemented after 3 months using histomorphometric analysis. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis were also performed to evaluate angiogenesis, inflammation and quality of adipocytes in the grafted tissue.ResultsWe showed that activated PRP stimulated, in vitro, proliferation and differentiation of adipose cells.In vivo experiments indicated that CaCl2-activated PRP was more efficient than non-activated to prolong the survival of fat grafts in nude rats. The mean percentage areas occupied by viable adipocytes in the PRP-free group, non-activated PRP group and activated PRP group were 13%, 14% and 24% (p = 0.05%), respectively. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed protective effect of activated PRP on inflammation and adipocyte death.ConclusionThis study showed that activation by CaCl2 improves the beneficial effects of PRP for fat graft maintenance.