Targeted muscle reinnervation: advances and opportunities

It is with interest, and some concern, that we read the recent letter from Messrs Nikkhah et al. (1). Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical development for the rehabilitation community with enormous potential to improve the quality of life for amputees. However, their letter fails to clarify exactly what TMR is, and how it can benefit amputees. There are two aspects to TMR. Kuiken's first aim was to improve the control of a myoelectric prostheses and secondly to strive for "intuitive" manipulation of a prosthesis (2,3).