Preparation, characterization, and application of Ti/TiO 2 -NTs/Sb-SnO 2 electrode in photo-electrochemical treatment of industrial effluents under mild conditions

Abstract

Ti/TiO₂-NTs/Sb-SnO₂ electrode was prepared by gradient pulsed electrodeposition, and its electrochemical properties were evaluated. The catalytic activity and reusability of the electrode were tested by electrochemical oxidation (EO) and photoelectrochemical oxidation (PEO) of organics present in textile industry wastewater (TWW) and coffee bean processing industry wastewater (CWW). COD removal of ~ 41% was achieved after 5-h electrolysis under a constant applied current density of 30 mA cm⁻² for TWW and 50 mA cm⁻² for CWW. Nearly 14 and 18% increment in COD removal was observed under PEO for TWW and CWW, respectively. The turbidity of TWW reduced from 15 to ~ 3 NTU and the turbidity of CWW reduced from 27 to ~ 3 NTU by both EO and PEO. The % COD removal observed after 5-h electrolysis remained consistent for 7 repeated cycles; however, the catalytic activity of the electrode reduced gradually. These results suggested that the Ti/TiO₂-NTs/Sb-SnO₂ can be a potential electrode for the treatment of industrial wastewater.