Is Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Effective for Microbial Load Reduction in Peri-implantitis Treatment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

The systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the microbiological alteration beneficial to peri-implantitis treatment. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017064215. Bibliographic databases including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched from inception to January 8, 2017. The search strategy was assembled from the following MeSH-Terms: "Photochemotherapy", "Dental Implants" and "Peri-Implantitis". Unspecific free-text words and related terms were also included. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool were used to evaluate the risk of bias of included studies. The random effect model was chosen and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² test. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated an association between aPDT and reduction in viable bacteria counts for: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR= 1.31; confidence interval= 1.13, 1.49; p<0.00001), Porphyromonas gingivalis (OR= 4.08; confidence interval= 3.22, 4.94; p<0.00001), and Prevotella intermedia (OR= 1.66; confidence interval= 1.06, 2.26; p<0.00001). A aPDT appears to be effective in bacterial load reduction in peri-implantitis and has a positive potential as an alternative therapy for peri-implantitis.

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