Botulinum toxin B suppresses the pressure ulcer formation in cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model: Possible regulation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress

With the aging of populations, the importance of prevention, treatment, and management of pressure ulcers (PUs), also known as decubitus ulcers, has been increasing more than ever. In the early phase of PU formation, non-blanchable erythema and/or purpuric lesions appear in the skin subjected to external pressure, and skin ulcers subsequently develop 2–3 weeks later [1]. Currently, there has been no evidence-based treatment in the early phase of PUs to prevent the development of skin ulcers. For example, only close observation and the use of protective film dressings on the lesion of early-phase PUs are recommended by the guidelines in the Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA) and the Japanese Society for Pressure Ulcers (JSPU) [2,3].