Outcome predictors in elderly head and neck free flap reconstruction: a retrospective study and systematic review of the current evidence

Publication date: Available online 12 December 2017
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Cindy Siaw-Lin Goh, Yee-Onn Kok, Cheryl Pei-Chyi Yong, Esther Wan-Xian Tan, Lee-Gan Goh, Khong-Yik Chew, Constance Ee-Hoon Teo, Terence Lin-Hon Goh
Free flap tissue transfer has become the gold standard for reconstruction of composite head and neck defects. We sought to investigate the efficacy and morbidity of these procedures in the elderly. We retrospectively reviewed 245 head and neck free flap procedures (234 patients). Patients were stratified by age group (≥ or <65 years). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the following primary outcomes – free flap survival, postoperative medical and surgical complications and 30-day mortality. We found that free flap success and surgical complication rates were similar between the two age groups. Overall flap success and perioperative mortality rates were 94.3% and 2.1% respectively. Medical complications were significantly more common in the elderly group (p<0.001) and this correlated with comorbidity (OR=2.81, p=0.044) and advanced tumour stage (OR=10.20, p=0.029). Age was not independently associated with poor outcomes in our cohort. We then performed a systematic review of similar case-control studies worldwide and compared their findings with our results. We conclude that advanced age does not preclude free flap success in head and neck reconstruction. Rather, the presence of comorbidity appears to predict the development of medical complications postoperatively. Elderly patients with low comorbidity scores may be offered free flap reconstruction with less reservation.