Tip-cell behavior is regulated by transcription factor FoxO1 under hypoxic conditions in developing mouse retinas

Abstract

Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor and a critical regulator of angiogenesis. Various environmental stimuli, including growth factors, nutrients, shear stress, oxidative stress and hypoxia, affect FoxO1 subcellular localization and strongly influence its transcriptional activity; however, FoxO1-localization patterns in endothelial cells (ECs) during development have not been clarified in vivo. Here, we reported that FoxO1 expression was observed in three layers of angiogenic vessels in developing mouse retinas and that among these layers, the front layer showed high levels of FoxO1 expression in the nuclei of most tip ECs. Because tip ECs migrate toward the avascular hypoxic area, we focused on hypoxia as a major stimulus regulating FoxO1 subcellular localization in tip cells. In cultured ECs, FoxO1 accumulated into the nucleus under hypoxic conditions, with hypoxia also inducing expression of tip-cell-specific genes, including endothelial-specific molecule 1 (ESM1), which was suppressed by FoxO1 knockdown. Additionally, in murine models, EC-specific FoxO1 deletion resulted in reduced ESM1 expression and suppressed tip-cell migration during angiogenesis. These findings indicated roles for FoxO1 in tip-cell migration and that its transcriptional activity is regulated by hypoxia.

Resolving classic pityriasis rubra pilaris, mimicker of erythema gyratum repens

Explanatory integration

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to show how scientific explanation functions in the context of idealized models. It argues that the aspect of explanation most urgently requiring investigation is the nature of the connection between global theories and explanatory local models. This aspect is neglected in traditional accounts of explanation (Hempel 1965; Kitcher 1989). The paper examines causal, minimal model, and structural accounts of model-based explanation (Woodward 2003; Batterman and Rice 2014; Bokulich 2011). It argues that they too fail to offer an account of the connection with global theory that can justify the explanatory power of an idealized local model, and consequently these accounts are unable effectively to distinguish explanatory from non-explanatory models. On the account proposed here, scientific explanation requires theoretical integration between the local model described in the explanation and a global theory with independent explanatory power.

Presence of Stratum Corneum Serum in Non-Palmoplantar Psoriasis

Abstract

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, relapsing skin eruption characterized by abnormal hyperproliferation of the epidermis. Clinically, it typically consists of well-circumscribed erythematous plaques with a silvery white scale in its plaque form, located usually on the extensor surfaces of the extremities, sacral region, scalp and nails. There are a number of clinical variants, including guttate, pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis.

Nuclear and cytoplasmic features in the diagnosis of Clark's nevi

Abstract

Background

Interpretation of Clark's nevi has generated debate over the years; although criteria has been proposed for grading morphological features of melanocytes, there is still confusion and variability in the assessment of these lesions.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study conducted on 100 Clark's nevi and 84 melanomas. A single expert dermatopathologist evaluated all blinded and randomized photomicrographs of both the Clark's nevi and melanomas for the presence of 14 cytologic features. Subsequently a multivariate model was used to obtain sensitivity and specificity.

Results

Clark's nevi showed significant high frequency of absent-or-inconspicuous nucleoli over melanoma. Whereas mitotic figures, pleomorphism, notching, multiple nucleoli, peppered moth nuclear pattern, flattened adjacent nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and vesicular nucleus with rounded nucleoli were found significantly higher in frequency in melanomas

Conclusion

Our data suggest that nuclear alterations have a value in the diagnosis of melanoma.

Toxicity evaluation of textile effluents and role of native soil bacterium in biodegradation of a textile dye

Abstract

Water pollution caused by the discharge of hazardous textile effluents is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In order to assess the pollution level of the textile effluents, various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in the textile wastewater and agricultural soil irrigated with the wastewater (contaminated soil) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis that demonstrated the presence of several toxic heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Zn) and a large number of organic compounds. Further, in order to get a comprehensive idea about the toxicity exerted by the textile effluent, mung bean seed germination test was performed that indicated the reduction in percent seed germination and radicle-plumule growth. The culturable microbial populations were also enumerated and found to be significantly lower in the wastewater and contaminated soil than the ground water irrigated soil, thus indicating the biotic homogenization of indigenous microflora. Therefore, the study was aimed to develop a cost effective and ecofriendly method of textile waste treatment using native soil bacterium, identified as Arthrobacter soli BS5 by 16S rDNA sequencing that showed remarkable ability to degrade a textile dye reactive black 5 with maximum degradation of 98% at 37 °C and pH in the range of 5–9 after 120 h of incubation.

Kompressionsmittel für die Entstauungstherapie

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Eine unsachgemäß ausgeführte Kompressionsversorgung kann Therapieziele gefährden sowie Nebenwirkungen oder Komplikationen hervorrufen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese beobachtende Erhebung im Querschnitt untersucht die Handhabung der Versorgungsoptionen Kurzzugbinden mit Unterpolsterung, Mehrkomponentensysteme und adaptive Kompressionsbandagen.

Teilnehmer und Methoden

In Fortbildungen zum Thema Kompressionstherapie legten 137 Teilnehmer die genannten Versorgungsoptionen aneinander an mit dem Ziel, einen vorgegebenen Druckwertbereich (Kurzzugbinden: 50–60 mm Hg, Mehrkomponentensysteme: 40–50 mm Hg, adaptive Kompressionsbandage: 35–45 mm Hg) zu erreichen. Zur Bewertung der Effizienz wurden die Zeit der Anlage, der erreichte Druckwert und der Tragekomfort erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Von den 302 Bandagierungen (n = 137 Teilnehmer) lagen 28,4 % innerhalb der jeweils vorgegebenen Zieldruckwertspanne. Dies umfasste 11,2 % aller Bandagierungen mit Kurzzugbinden, 35,2 % mit Mehrkomponentensystemen und 85,0 % mit adaptiven Kompressionsbandagen. Signifikante Unterschiede der mittleren Druckabweichungen zeigten sich zwischen den Versorgungsoptionen. Der Tragekomfort der Kurzzugbinden mit Unterpolsterung wurde zu 37,7 %, der Mehrkomponentensysteme zu 65,0 % und der adaptiven Kompressionsbandage zu 94,6 % als angenehm beurteilt.

Diskussion

Im Praxisalltag sind Kurzzugbinden immer noch die am häufigsten verwendete Form eines phlebologischen Kompressionsverbandes. In dieser Erhebung haben sie sich bei der Anlage als unsicherer, zeitaufwendiger und unbequemer im Tragekomfort erwiesen als vergleichbare Kompressionsmittel. Mehrkomponentensysteme und adaptive Kompressionsbandagen sind Versorgungsoptionen, die eine zeitgemäße Alternative und mehr Tragekomfort für den Patienten bedeuten können.

Polyethylene glycol as marker for nitrofurazone allergy: 20 years of experience from Turkey

Summary

Background

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and propylene glycol (PG) are used as vehicles in various medicinal and cosmetic products. They are potential contact sensitizers, including low molecular weight PEGs in nitrofurazone preparations that are still widely used in Turkey.

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis caused by PEG and PG in a relatively large group of patients in Turkey.

Methods

In this retrospective, cross-sectional, single-centre study, 836 patients patch tested with PEG and PG between 1996 and 2015 were reviewed.

Results

Thirty-five patients (4.2%) showed positive patch test reactions to PEG, and 7 (0.8%) showed positive patch test reactions to PG, partly as late positive reactions with PEG. PEG sensitivity was almost exclusively related to nitrofurazone allergy. Patch test reactions to PG were currently relevant mainly with regard to the use of minoxidil, and antiherpetic or corticosteroid creams. Ten patients (25%) had concomitant contact allergies to various topical drugs containing mainly PEGs.

Conclusions

PEG sensitivity seems to be a marker for contact allergy to topical nitrofurazone in Turkey. Nitrofurazone allergy appears to favour concomitant sensitization to PEG. We would suggest the inclusion of PEG in an extended baseline patch test series in Turkey. Late patch test readings are important to diagnose delayed positive reactions to PEG.

Wollheim, Wittgenstein, and Pictorial Representation. Seeing-as and Seeing-in

Wollheim, Wittgenstein, and Pictorial Representation. Seeing-as and Seeing-inKempGary and MrasGabriel M. (EDS) Routledge. 2016. pp. 308. £110.00 (hbk).

Notions of the Aesthetic and of Aesthetics: Essays on Art, Aesthetics and Culture

Notions of the Aesthetic and of Aesthetics: Essays on Art, Aesthetics and CultureÅhlbergLars-Olof

Associations between body mass index and severity of psoriasis

Management of Actinic Keratosis

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Approaching treatment for actinic keratosis must start with defining the disease, often as a point in a spectrum of disease between normal skin and progression of cumulative photoexposure. With many of the available topical therapies, dermatologists are fixated on reactions and not on outcomes, which influences patient expectations and long-term strategies, instead of understanding the mechanisms of action of therapies, integration into combination regimens with lesional destruction, and long-term maintenance to reduce skin cancer risks.

Recent Findings

New vehicles and percentages of active ingredients, new photodynamic therapy protocols, and systemic chemoprevention with nicotinamide and retinoids are also going to be reviewed in this article.

Summary

Considerations for treatment of actinic keratoses start with answers to questions about SCC and the greater assessment of the precursor disease of photodamage.

End-to-side neurotization with the phrenic nerve in restoring the function of toe extension: an experimental study in a rat model

.

Amiloidosis macular atípica

Publication date: Available online 27 November 2017
Source:Piel
Author(s): María Arteaga Henríquez, Vania Lukoviek Araya, Rosa Nieves Rodríguez Rodríguez, Eva Fagundo González

Hypochlorous Acid Versus Povidone-Iodine Containing Irrigants: Which Antiseptic is More Effective for Breast Implant Pocket Irrigation?

Abstract

Background

Capsular contracture induced by chronic subclinical infection is a major cause of poor outcomes and reoperation in breast implant surgery. The use of pocket irrigation with antiseptic/antibiotic has been shown to reduce the incidence of contracture. A new formulation of hypochlorous acid solution PhaseOne has been proposed as potential agent for irrigation.

Objectives

This study aimed to test the efficacy of hypochlorous acid solution PhaseOne for use in breast pocket irrigation as an alternative to povidone iodine solution Betadine.

Methods

The efficacy of PhaseOne, a hypochlorous acid formulated wound and skin cleanser, was tested in vitro against planktonic and biofilm Staphylococcus aureus with or without biological soil and in an implant attachment assay. Its activity was compared with Betadine containing 10% povidone iodine.

Results

Our findings showed that PhaseOne was unable to eradicate planktonic and/or biofilm S. aureus in the presence of either tryptone soy broth or bovine calf serum (protein soil) in a variety of in vitro assays.

Conclusions

We advise that povidone iodine containing irrigants are superior to hypochlorous acid containing irrigants in the clinical setting and should remain the recommended solution for pocket irrigation to reduce bacterial contamination at breast implants surgery.

A review on pesticide removal through different processes

Abstract

The main organic pollutants worldwide are pesticides, persistent chemicals that are of concern owing to their prevalence in various ecosystems. In nature, pesticide remainders are subjected to the chemical, physical, and biochemical degradation process, but because of its elevated stability and some cases water solubility, the pesticide residues persist in the ecosystem. The removal of pesticides has been performed through several techniques classified under biological, chemical, physical, and physicochemical process of remediation from different types of matrices, such as water and soil. This review provides a description of older and newer techniques and materials developed to remove specific pesticides according to previous classification, which range from bioremediation with microorganisms, clay, activated carbon, and polymer materials to chemical treatment based on oxidation processes. Some types of pesticides that have been removed successfully to large and small scale include, organophosphorus, carbamates, organochlorines, chlorophenols, and synthetic pyrethroids, among others. The most important characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of techniques and materials for removing pesticides are described in this work.

Correction to: Heavy metal and nutrient uptake in plants colonizing post-flotation copper tailings

Abstract

The correct presentation of Table 4 is shown in this paper.

Study on the pollution status and control measures for the livestock and poultry breeding industry in northeastern China

Abstract

Livestock and poultry breeding industry is one of the main economic pillars of northeastern China. However, the amount of pollutants produced is much higher than that in other parts of China. Through a questionnaire survey, indoor experiment, and outdoor experiment, it was found that the resource utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure in the northeastern region is low, with the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding mainly including air and water pollution. The alarm level of cultivated land and manure is II. While the livestock and poultry breeding is relatively concentrated area, its level is higher than grade II. Based on the pollution status of small farms, biogas can be produced through fermentation, along with the preparation of organic fertilizer, to completely utilize the manure and straw, while obtaining higher economic value, and effectively controlling the pollution from livestock and poultry breeding.

Correction to: Strict anaerobic side-stream reactor: effect of the sludge interchange ratio on sludge reduction in a biological nutrient removal process

Abstract

The correct Fig. 1 is shown in this paper.

Alpha-defensins (α-Defs) in Crohn's disease: Decrease of ileal α-Def 5 via permanent methylation and increase in plasma α-Def 1-3 concentrations offering biomarker utility

SUMMARY

Background: An impaired expression of α-defensins (α-Defs) in the ileal mucosa and, conversely, increased levels in plasma, have been reported in Crohn's disease (CD). However, the specificity and correlation of these findings with the degree of inflammation are unclear. We aimed to characterize the concentration and utility of ileal and plasma α-Defs in CD and to analyze a potential epigenetic mechanism of α-Def expression.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples and ileal biopsies were obtained from patients at disease onset (aCD), from those who achieved remission (iCD), and from 2 control groups (healthy controls and non-CD-etiology ileitis patients). Plasma α-Defs 1-3 and 4 were detected by ELISA; α-Def 5 by immunolocalization. Methylation analysis of the α-Def 5 gene was performed using the MassARRAY EpiTYPER system.

Results: Plasma α-Defs 1-3 concentrations were significantly higher in aCD with ileal involvement (L1, L3) vs iCD or the control groups. The α-Defs 1-3 concentrations were also similar to healthy controls in patients with non-CD ileitis. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma α-Defs 1-3 levels in aCD and the endoscopic index, as well as with CRP levels. The immunopositivity scoring showed significantly reduced α-Def 5 expression in ileal inflamed (aCD) vs non-inflamed mucosa (iCD and healthy controls). The α-Def 5 gene showed a higher methylation status in CD patients than controls, regardless of the inflammation.

Conclusions: Plasma α-Defs 1-3 concentrations correlate with the degree of inflammation and appear to be specific biomarkers of ileal-CD at diagnosis. Ileal α-Def 5 expression is permanently downregulated by methylation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.