British Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Κυριακή 9 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
Paediatric mastocytosis: long‐term follow‐up of 53 patients with whole sequencing of KIT. A prospective study
Cutaneous epidermotropic metastasis of an oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Wound healing and transepidermal elimination as possible mechanisms for epidermotropism
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
A case of lymphomatoid papulosis, pityriasis lichenoides acuta, and mycosis fungoides coexistence
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Vitamin D receptor interacts with NLRP3 to restrict the allergic response
Clinical &Experimental Immunology, EarlyView.
Blood clotting and traumatic injury with shock mediates complement‐dependent neutrophil priming for extracellular ROS, ROS‐dependent organ injury and coagulopathy
Clinical &Experimental Immunology, EarlyView.
Ethyl 2,4-dicarboethoxy pantothenate, a derivative of pantothenic acid, prevents cellular damage initiated by environmental pollutants through Nrf2 activation
Recently, there has been increasing concern about the influence of environmental pollutants, such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), diesel fuel exhaust, cigarette smoke, ozone (O3), heavy metals and halogenated hydrocarbons, on public health. Therefore, the influence of environmental pollution on public health has been actively studied focusing on the lungs and the cardiovascular system because of the risk of inhalation. The effects of environmental pollution on cellular physiology have been clarified as follows: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are the main components of pollutants, induce inflammation by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway [1–3].
Fixed Drug Eruption Due to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash Confirmed by Lesional Patch Testing
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2018
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Timothy J. Watts, David Thursfield, Rubaiyat Haque
Is there an overlap in immune response between allergic bronchopulmonary and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis?
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2018
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Hansraj Choudhary, Sahajal Dhooria, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Mandeep Garg, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Ritesh Agarwal
ABSTRACT
Background
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) are presumed to represent two distinct manifestations of Aspergillus species in the lung.
Objective
To investigate any possible overlap of the immunological tests used for diagnosing ABPA in proven cases of CPA.
Methods
In consecutive subjects with CPA, we calculated the proportion of subjects who tested positive for all the immunological investigations used to diagnose ABPA (A.fumigatus-specific IgE >0.35 kUA/L, total IgE ≥500 IU/mL and eosinophil count ≥500 cells/μL) or obligatory criteria (A.fumigatus-specific IgE >0.35 kUA/L and total IgE ≥500 IU/mL).
Results
269 subjects (53.5% males) of CPA with mean (SD) age of 44.3 (14.7) years were enrolled. The most common underlying disease was previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis (n=230, 85.5%). Ninety-three (34.6%) subjects had total IgE ≥500 IU/mL, while A.fumigatus-specific IgE >0.35 kUA/L was seen in 112 (41.6%) subjects. Thirteen (4.8%) subjects met all the immunological criteria for ABPA, while 59 (21.9%) subjects met the obligatory criteria. Subjects meeting the obligatory criteria had significantly higher eosinophil count (p=<0.0001), greater immediate cutaneous reactivity to Aspergillus antigen (CPA-others vs. obligatory criteria, 9.8±13.9 vs. 13.9±14.9 mm, p value=0.048), higher A.fumigatus-specific IgG (99.3±61.9 vs. 122±66.6 mgA/L, p=0.015) and greater number of fungal balls (0.9±0.7 [range, 0-3] vs. 1.1±0.9 [range, 0-4], p=0.026) compared to those without.
Conclusions
About 5% of subjects with CPA fulfilled all the immunological criteria used for diagnosing ABPA while 22% met the obligatory criteria for ABPA. Whether these patients would require a different management protocol requires further investigation.
Les prothèses mammaires : quelles offres sur le marché français
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2018
Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique
Author(s): R. Sinna
Résumé
Le choix dans le type d'implant que le chirurgien utilise se fait souvent sur des arguments médico-commerciaux, des croyances, et du ressenti subjectif plutôt que sur de réels arguments scientifiques. Nous avons rarement l'occasion de comparer de manières objectives les fabricants entre eux. Ainsi notre objectif ici a été simplement de regrouper sur un même support l'ensemble des spécificités des différents acteurs du marché français. Ceci aussi bien sur le plan technique que sur le plan de l'offre commerciale.
Summary
The choice of an implant by a plastic surgeon is often based on marketing arguments, beliefs, and subjective reasons more than real high level evidence basis. Furthermore, we rarely compare manufacturers with each other objectively. Therefore our aim was to put together information coming from the different companies available in France in a single article.
Antibiotic exposure is associated with cutaneous adverse events in hairy cell leukemia patients treated with purine analogs
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Rebecca F. Wang, Daniel Li, Gina J. Kuehn, Leslie A. Andritsos, Michael R. Grever, Benjamin H. Kaffenberger
Recurrent fevers, progressive lipodystrophy and annular plaques in a child
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Michael A. Cardis, Gina A. Montealegre Sanchez, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, Chyi-Chia Richard Lee, Edward W. Cowen
Response to the Letter to the Editor entitled, “Use of immortal time within survival analysis”: JAAD-D-18-01157
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Charles Kyung Min Lee, Shufeng Li, Duy Cong Tran, Gefei Alex Zhu, Jinah Kim, Bernice Y. Kwong, Anne Lynn S. Chang
News and Notices
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Volume 43, Issue 7, Page 863-863, October 2018.
Issue Information
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Volume 43, Issue 7, Page i‐ii, 757-758, October 2018.
List of opinions of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) adopted and published January to August 2018
Contact Dermatitis, Volume 79, Issue 4, Page 261-261, October 2018.
Inducción de fototolerancia con ultravioleta B de banda estrecha en urticaria solar
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2018
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): P. Chicharro, P. Rodríguez-Jiménez, T.M. Capusan, M. Herrero-Moyano, D. de Argila
Resumen
Introducción
La urticaria solar (US) es una fotodermatosis infrecuente. Los antihistamínicos constituyen la primera línea de tratamiento, incluyéndose en segunda línea la inducción de fototolerancia mediante fototerapia con ultravioleta.
Objetivos
Describir y evaluar la eficacia de un protocolo de desensibilización, con UVB de banda estrecha (UVB-BE) en pacientes con US.
Material y métodos
Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados de US con espectro de acción en UVA, luz visible (LV) o ambas, que habían realizado fototerapia con UVB-BE para inducir fototolerancia. Se realizan cursos cortos (menos de 20 sesiones, 3 por semana) durante la primavera, con dosis inicial determinada por el fototipo. Se recogen resultados del Skindex-29 antes del tratamiento y después del verano, y un cuestionario no validado de efectividad terapéutica después del verano para valorar actividad de la enfermedad y grado de satisfacción.
Resultados
Se incluyen 8 pacientes con espectro de acción: 50% LV y 50% UVA más luz visible. Se realizaron 17 cursos anuales (1-6 cursos por paciente), de 11 a 20 sesiones. La dosis media de UVB-BE por curso fue 7,45 J/cm2. Ningún paciente presentó brotes o efectos adversos durante el tratamiento. La respuesta fue satisfactoria en 6 pacientes. En el 78,6% de los tratamientos la mejoría en el Skindex-29 global fue superior al 20%. La mejoría en las subescalas sintomática y funcional fue superior al 20% en el 71% y el 64% respectivamente.
Conclusión
La inducción de fototolerancia con UVB-BE en la US es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo en un elevado porcentaje de pacientes.
Abstract
Introduction
Solar urticaria is an uncommon photodermatosis. First-line treatment is with antihistamines; second-line treatment includes induction of light tolerance using UV phototherapy.
Objectives
We aimed to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of a desensitization protocol with narrowband UV-B in patients with solar urticaria.
Material and methods
We performed a retrospective study of patients with solar urticaria with an action spectrum in the UV-A range, the visible light range, or both who had received therapy with narrowband UV-B for induction of light tolerance. Short courses of treatment were administered (< 20 sessions, 3 per week) during spring. The initial dose was determined according to the skin type. The Skindex-29 was administered before treatment and after summer; a nonvalidated questionnaire was also administered after summer to evaluate disease activity and satisfaction with treatment.
Results
We included 8 patients with an action spectrum (4 with visible light and 4 with UVA plus visible light). Seventeen courses (1-6 per patient) were administered per year. The number of sessions per year ranged from 11 to 20. The mean dose of narrowband UV-B per course was 7.45 J/cm2. No patients experienced flares or adverse effects during treatment. The response was satisfactory in 6 patients. The improvement in the overall Skindex-29 score was greater than 20% in 78.6% of cases. The improvement in the function and symptoms subscales was over 20% in 71% and 64% of cases, respectively.
Conclusion
Induction of light tolerance with narrowband UV-B in solar urticaria is safe and effective in a high percentage of patients.
Graphical abstract
STAT6 & IL‐10 are required for the anti‐arthritic effects of Schistosoma mansoni via different mechanisms
Clinical &Experimental Immunology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Submicroscopic Plasmodium infection during pregnancy is associated with reduced antibody levels to tetanus toxoid
Clinical &Experimental Immunology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Tolerability and efficacy of a medical device repairing emollient cream in adults with chronic hand dermatitis
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
Image gallery: Hairy‐cell leukaemia presenting with Sweet syndrome
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Protopanaxatriol inhibits melanin synthesis through inactivation of the pCREB–MITF–tyrosinase signalling pathway in melanocytes
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.
Topical ingenol mebutate for viral wart on the ear
Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Efficacy of omalizumab in severe chronic spontaneous urticaria: real life data from a Greek tertiary center
Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Milia‐like idiopathic calcinosis cutis and plaque‐type syringoma in a girl with Down syndrome
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Monitoring serum cytokeratin 19 fragment 21‐1 to determine the efficacy of docetaxel chemotherapy in advanced extramammary Paget's disease
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Wound, pressure ulcer and burn guidelines – 2: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pressure ulcers, second edition
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Σάββατο 8 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
An autologous protein gel for soft tissue augmentation: in vitro characterization and clinical evaluation
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
Antinociceptive action of Achillea biebersteinii methanolic flower extract is mediated by interaction with cholinergic receptor in mouse pain models
Abstract
Achillea biebersteinii is a perennial aromatic herb that grows in the Mediterranean area. The leaves of this plant are used in foods as bittering and appetizing agents. In folk medicine, it is used for the treatment of stomachache and abdominal pain. In this study, the analgesic effect of A. biebersteinii methanolic flower extract was tested in three pain models, namely: writhing, tail-flick and paw-licking (formalin) tests. A. biebersteinii extract inhibited abdominal cramps produced by acetic acid. The effect of A. biebersteinii was better than that of 70 mg/kg indomethacin. In tail flick, A. biebersteinii extract increased latency at 30 min and was as effective as 100 mg/kg diclofenac sodium. In formalin test, A. biebersteinii extracts decreased paw-licking and flinching response in early and late phases. Atropine blocked the action of A. biebersteinii extract (300 mg/kg) in the late phase of formalin test as well as in writhing and tail-flick tests. GC–MS analysis revealed that ascaridole and iso-ascaridole were the main constituents of A. biebersteinii flower extract. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the antinociceptive effect of A. biebersteinii is mediated by the cholinergic receptor.
Tragedy and the constancy of norms: towards an Anscombian conception of ‘ought’
Abstract
This paper presents an Anscombian alternative to the traditional deontic conception of ought. According to the Anscombian conception of ought developed here, ought is general as opposed to 'peculiarly moral', norm-referring instead of law- or obligation-referring, and 'heroic' in the sense that it does not presuppose that individuals can do or be as they ought. Its connection to matters of fact can, moreover, be clearly stated. In the first part of the paper, I describe some significant logical characteristics of this conception, and argue that it provides a more suitable account of the oughts of ethics as compared to the deontic conception. One particular strength of the Anscombian conception of ought is that it does justice to the possibility of tragedy in human life, where tragedy is understood as the possibility that a thoroughly well-intentioned individual might sometimes ensure her own moral imperfection, precisely by doing what is morally right or best at every step along the way. To motivate this feature of the view, I sketch a corresponding picture of responsibility for actions in terms of ownership of one's deeds. This conception of responsibility allows that what one ought to do is not always constrained by what one can do, while saving the intuitions about fairness and the practical scope of moral norms that principally motivate 'ought implies can'. To illustrate and motivate the overall account I discuss a number of cases, including the character Winston from George Orwell's 1984.
Effects of coal blending in electrostatic precipitation efficiency—Inner Mongolia, China
Abstract
Based on this study, the Al2O3 content of Jungar coal ash is over 45%, and the resistivity of high-Al2O3 ash in Jungar reaches up to 1012 Ω·cm. These results seriously influenced the electric characteristics of fly ash, and the collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) evidently decreased. To facilitate the effective collection of fine particle in the flue gas generated before and after coal blending via ESP, the fly ash obtained from a power plant electrostatic precipitation was analyzed in terms of resistivity, size distribution, and cohesive force through a portable dust electrical resistivity test instrument, Bahco centrifuge, and a cohesive force test apparatus invented by the researchers. The mixed ratio of else coal is higher than 50%, the resistivity of the fly ash in the flue gas was lowered to approximately two orders of magnitude, and the size distribution showed an evident decrease in the PM2.5 and PM10 content in fly ash. In addition, the adhesive force and efficiency increase from 95.9 to 99.5% in the electrostatic precipitation. Therefore, the combustion of blending coal is an effective approach to improve the efficiency of ESP used to collect high-Al2O3 fly ash.
Improved waste-sourced biocomposite for simultaneous removal of crude oil and heavy metals from synthetic and real oilfield-produced water
Abstract
Oil- and gas-produced water (PW) which contains various pollutants is an enormous threat to the environment. In this study, a novel low-cost bio-adsorbent was prepared from shrimp shell and acid-activated montmorillonite. The results of FT-IR spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and SEM-EDX technique indicated that the chitosan-activated montmorillonite (CTS-A-MMT) was prepared successfully. The synthesized CTS-A-MMT was applied to remove simultaneously five cationic and anionic metal species and crude oil from synthetic and real oilfield PW. The adsorption data indicated that crude oil and all studied metals (except As) were adsorbed to CTS-A-MMT in a monolayer model (best fitted by Langmuir model), while As adsorption fits well with Freundlich model. Kinetic models' evaluation demonstrated that the adsorption kinetics of metals on CTS-A-MMT are initially controlled by the chemical reaction (film diffusion) followed by intra-particle diffusion. Application of the prepared CTS-A-MMT in real oilfield PW indicated removal efficiency of 65 to 93% for metals and 87% for crude oil in simultaneous removal experiments. Presence of additional ions in PW decreased the removal of studied metals and crude oil considerably; however, the concentration of the investigated pollutants in treated PW is less than the ocean discharge criteria. It is concluded that the prepared CTS-A-MMT composite is a low-cost and effective adsorbent for treating wastewater contaminated with crude oil and heavy metals (i.e., PW).
Physicochemical properties of acid- and pepsin-soluble collagens from the cartilage of Siberian sturgeon
Abstract
To look for the collagen alternatives of mammalian cartilages from aquatics and their by-products, acid-soluble collagen (ASC-SC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC-SC) were extracted from cartilages of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) with yields of 27.13 ± 1.15 and 14.69 ± 0.85% on dry weight basis. ASC-SC and PSC-SC had glycine as the major amino acid with the contents of 326.8 and 327.5 residues 1000 residues−1, and their contents of proline and hydroxyproline were 205.9 and 208.0 residues 1000 residues−1. ASC-SC and PSC-SC comprised type I collagen ([α1(I)]2α2(I)) and type II collagen ([α1(II)]3) on the literatures and results of amino acid composition, SDS-PAGE pattern, UV, and FTIR spectra. Meanwhile, FTIR spectra data indicated that there were more hydrogen bonds in ASC-SC and more intermolecular crosslinks in PSC-SC. The maximum transition temperature (Tmax) of the ASC (28.3 °C) and PSC (30.5 °C) was lower than those of collagens from mammalian cartilages (> 37 °C). ASC-SC and PSC-SC showed high solubility in the acidic pH ranges and the solubility decreased in the presence of NaCl at concentrations above 3%. Zeta potential studies indicated that both ASC-SC and PSC-SC exhibited a net zero charge at pH 6.30 and 6.32. SEM results indicated that ASC-SC and PSC-SC presented irregular dense sheet-like film linked by random-coiled filaments. Therefore, collagens from Siberian sturgeon cartilages might be the suitable alternatives of the collagens of mammal cartilages as functional ingredient to treat some diseases.
Mycoplasma-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with Severe Mucositis
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Ze-Hu Liu, Hong Shen
Panniculite lipoatrophiante idiopathique de l’adulte traitée par hydroxychloroquine et autogreffe de cellules graisseuses
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018
Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): H. Cornille, L. Adelmand, R. Garmi, F. Comoz, L. Verneuil
Résumé
Introduction
La panniculite lipoatrophiante idiopathique est une pathologie rare. Plusieurs dénominations sont utilisées dans la littérature pour décrire des entités similaires : lipoatrophie annulaire des chevilles, panniculite lipophagique ou panniculite lipoatrophiante. Dans tous les cas, il s'agit d'un processus inflammatoire évoluant vers une atrophie du tissu graisseux.
Cas clinique Une femme de 37 ans avait des lésions hypodermiques annulaires, inflammatoires et douloureuses, symétriquement disposées sur les membres inférieurs, qui évoluaient vers des plages atrophiques avec un pourtour induré inflammatoire. La biopsie montrait une panniculite de type lobulaire avec un infiltrat inflammatoire à prédominance de lymphocytes et de macrophages. Le bilan étiologique permettait d'éliminer toutes les autres causes de panniculite lobulaire. La patiente était traitée efficacement par hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/j pendant 1 an, puis bénéficiait d'une autogreffe graisseuse sur les lésions atrophiques séquellaires.
Discussion
Une revue de la littérature depuis 2006 a trouvé 23 cas de panniculite lipoatrophiante idiopathique, dont 10 cas de lipoatrophie annulaire des chevilles. Les principaux traitements essayés étaient les corticoïdes, l'hydroxychloroquine et le méthotrexate, avec une bonne efficacité sur la phase inflammatoire.
Conclusion
La panniculite lipoatrophiante, pathologie rare, entraîne des séquelles atrophiques importantes. Un traitement précoce permet une limitation des séquelles ; la balance bénéfice-risque de l'hydroxychloroquine semble favorable à son utilisation en première intention. Notre cas souligne aussi l'intérêt du comblement de l'atrophie séquellaire par autogreffe de tissu graisseux à distance de la période inflammatoire.
Summary
Background
Idiopathic lipoatrophic panniculitis is a rare disease. Various terms are used in the literature to describe similar entities: annular lipoatrophy of the ankles, lipophagic panniculitis and lipoatrophic panniculitis. In any event, it consists of an inflammatory process progressing to necrosis of the fatty tissue.
Patients and methods
Herein we report the case of a 37-year-old woman presenting characteristic signs: erythematous, annular, symmetrical, painful, inflammatory lesions of the lower extremities, progressing to areas of atrophy with an indurated inflammatory periphery. Histopathology showed lobular panniculitis composed primarily of lymphocytes and macrophages. The etiological investigations ruled out all other causes of lobular panniculitis. The patient was successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day for 1 year and she subsequently underwent fat grafting on the secondary lesions.
Discussion
Our literature review identified 23 reported cases of idiopathic lipoatrophic panniculitis since 2006, including 10 cases of annular ankle lipoatrophy. The most commonly used treatments are corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate, with good efficacy being seen on the inflammatory phase. This disease seems a good indication for fat grafting to limit aesthetic sequelae.
Conclusion
Lipoatrophic panniculitis, a rare disease, results in significant aesthetic sequelae which may be limited by early treatment initiation. The benefit-risk ratio of hydroxychloroquine suggests its value as first-line therapy in this pathology. Our case also demonstrates the value of filling of the secondary atrophy by fat grafting after the inflammatory period has ended.
Morfea en coup de sabre sobre el área cutánea de un herpes zóster oftálmico cicatrizado
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): T. Arif, M. Adil, S. Suhail Amin, M. Alam
Editorial Board
Publication date: October 2018
Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, Volume 187
Author(s):
A systematic review about costing methodology in robotic surgery: evidence for low quality in most of the studies
The main objective of this review was to evaluate the methodological design in studies reporting resource use and costs related to robotic surgery in gynecology.
Reply to: Letter to the editor: Evaluation of anatomical and round breast implant aesthetics and preferences in Dutch young lay and plastic surgeon cohort
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018
Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): P.P. Bletsis, L.R. Bouwer, M Cromheecke, B van der Lei
Influence of phosphate amendment and zinc foliar application on heavy metal accumulation in wheat and on soil extractability impacted by a lead smelter near Jiyuan, China
Abstract
Higher concentrations of Pb and Cd in wheat grains harvested in several lead-smelting-polluted areas in northern China have been reported. This field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphate amendment and Zn foliar application on the accumulation of Pb and Cd in wheat grains grown in a lead-smelting impacted area in Jiyuan in northern China. The soil (total Pb and Cd are 261 and 2.65 mg kg−1, respectively) was amended with superphosphate at P:Pb ratios (mol:mol) of 1.90 or 2.57 either during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting or a split of 60% of the phosphate applied at planting, with remaining 40% applied at the jointing stage. Zn was sprayed on the canopy of the wheat plants at the jointing stage. The phosphate amendment resulted in lower DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Pb (1.39–10.7% lower than the control) and Cd (0.040–7.12%) in the soil. No significant effect of split application of phosphate was found on Pb and Cd availability in soil; however, higher rates of P resulted in lower Pb and Cd availabilities in the soil. Grain Pb (5.41–21.5% lower than the control), Cd (3.62–6.76%), and Zn (4.29–9.02%) concentrations were negatively affected by the phosphate application, with higher rates of phosphate resulting in lower grain heavy metal concentrations. Foliar application had no statistically significant influence on Pb and Cd concentrations in the grain (p > 0.05). Although Pb and Cd concentrations in wheat grains were reduced by the phosphate application, their concentrations were still much higher than the maximum permissible concentrations for wheat in the national standards of China. The results suggest that it is feasible to reduce wheat grain concentrations of Pb and Cd in Pb-smelting-polluted areas in northern China by soil application of superphosphate; however, the split application of the phosphate and the foliar application of Zn compounds do not have substantial impact on reducing accumulation of Pb and Cd in the wheat grains.
Effects of waste lime and Chinese medicinal herbal residue amendments on physical, chemical, and microbial properties during green waste composting
Abstract
Traditional composting is time-consuming and often results in a low-quality product. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of waste lime (WL; at 0, 2.5, and 3.5%) and/or Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs; at 0, 10, and 20%) as amendments on the two-stage composting of green waste (GW). The combination of WL and CMHRs improved compost particle-size distribution and pH, decreased nitrogen loss, and increased cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient content, and microbial numbers. The combination of WL and CMHRs also accelerated organic matter humification and lignocellulose degradation and therefore increased the germination index of the final compost. Relative to the non-amended compost, the optimal amendment (2.5% WL and 20% CMHRs) increased the percentage of particles of ideal size from 23.8 to 66.9%, the pH from 6.69 to 7.17, the CEC from 52 to 169 cmol/kg, the humic acid to fulvic acid ratio from 1.32 to 2.49, the hemicellulose degradation rate from 42 to 87%, and the cellulose degradation rate from 20 to 61%. The treatment with addition of 2.5% WL and 20% CMHRs to GW required only 21 days to generate the highest quality compost product.
Advances of magnetic nanoparticles in environmental application: environmental remediation and (bio)sensors as case studies
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging technique drawing increasing attentions in biomedical, electronic, environmental, and industrial application. Nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique optical, electrical, catalytic, and thermal properties, among which magnetic NPs (MNPs) are one of the most important groups with excellent superparamagnetism property, large surface area, and biocompatibility. In this review, methods for synthesizing and functionalizing MNPs are summarized and linked to their applications in environmental science as either adsorbents or catalysts for removing contaminants from environmental matrices, illustrating stronger reactivity, higher removal capacity, and fast kinetics. Additionally, we also comprehensively discuss the application of MNPs as (bio)sensors to selectively and sensitively detect the presence of environmental contaminants or pathogenic bacteria. This work summarizes the recent progresses of using MNPs as powerful tools in environmental science and engineering, raising their state-of-art application from environmental perspectives and benefiting researchers interested in NPs and environmental studies.
Selenate tolerance and selenium hyperaccumulation in the monocot giant reed ( Arundo donax ), a biomass crop plant with phytoremediation potential
Abstract
The response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to selenium (Se), added as selenate, was studied. The development, stress response, uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Se were documented in three giant reed ecotypes STM (Hungary), BL (USA), and ESP (Spain), representing different climatic zones. Plantlets regenerated from sterile tissue cultures were grown under greenhouse conditions in sand supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg Se kg−1 added as sodium selenate. Total Se content was measured in different plant parts using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. All plants developed normally in the 0–5.0 mg Se kg−1 concentration range regardless of ecotype, but no growth occurred at 10.0 mg Se kg−1. There were no signs of chlorosis or necrosis, and the photosynthetic machinery was not affected as evidenced by no marked differences in the structure of thylakoid membranes. There was no change in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm ratio) in the three ecotypes under Se stress, except for a significant negative effect in the ESP ecotype in the 5.0 mg Se kg−1 treatment. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased as the Se concentration increased in the growth medium. GPx activity was higher in the shoot system than the root system in all Se treatments. All ecotypes showed great capacity of take up, translocate and accumulate selenium in their stem and leaf. Relative Se accumulation is best described as leaf ˃˃ stem ˃ root. The ESP ecotype accumulated 1783 μg g−1 in leaf, followed by BL with 1769 μg g−1, and STM with 1606 μg g−1 in the 5.0 mg Se kg−1 treatment. All ecotypes showed high values of translocation and bioaccumulation factors, particularly the ESP ecotype (10.1 and 689, respectively, at the highest tolerated Se supplementation level). Based on these findings, Arundo donax has been identified as the first monocot hyperaccumulator of selenium, because Se concentration in the leaves of all three ecotypes, and also in the stem of the ESP ecotype, is higher than 0.1% (dry weight basis) under the conditions tested. Tolerance up to 5.0 mg Se kg−1 and the Se hyperaccumulation capacity make giant reed a promising tool for Se phytoremediation.
A rare case of intravascular schwannoma
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, Volume 45, Issue 10, Page 731-733, October 2018.
The association between ST18 gene polymorphism and severe Pemphigus disease among Iranian population
Experimental Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photobiological Studies of Ru(II) Dyads Derived from α‐Oligothiophene Derivatives of 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Photochemistry and Photobiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
How Fast Can Thiols Bind to the Gold‐nanoparticle Surface?
Photochemistry and Photobiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Cross‐ European validation of the ItchyQoL in pruritic dermatoses
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Aggressive primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder in an organ transplant recipient in sustained complete remission with brentuximab vedotin
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Sun Protection: A Risk Management Approach. B. Diffey, IOP Publishing Ltd, Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, UK (2017). ISBN 978‐0‐7503‐1377‐3 (ebook); ISBN 978‐0‐7503‐1378‐0 (print).
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Volume 40, Issue 4, Page 317-318, August 2018.
Issue Information
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Volume 40, Issue 4, Page i-iv, August 2018.
Visualization of zinc pyrithione particles deposited on the scalp from a shampoo by tape strip sampling and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurement
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Evaluating age‐related changes of some facial signs among men of four different ethnic groups
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Pyoderma gangrenosum triggered by switching from adalimumab to secukinumab
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Performance of a kerb side inlet to irrigate street trees and to improve road runoff water quality: a comparison of four media types
Abstract
The TREENET inlet is an emerging water-sensitive urban design technology that consists of a novel kerb side inlet coupled with a leaky well infiltration system. The inlets have been retrofitted to existing roads since 2006; however, there is currently little information available on the effectiveness of these inlet and leaky well systems. This study investigated the performance of the kerb side inlets and leaky well system for water quality improvement prior to infiltration to native soil. The leaky wells included four filter media types, namely gravel, water treatment solids, sandy loam and clay. To compare the performance of the four filter media types, batch and column studies were performed in the laboratory. The best performance was observed using the sandy loam as a filter media, followed by clay, water treatment solids and then gravel. The selection of effective media for removal of heavy metals is important as each media type has different pollutant removal capacity, infiltration and clogging performance.
Cost‐savings of adalimumab in hidradenitis suppurativa: A retrospective analysis of a real‐world cohort
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria to decolonize Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from human skin
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Παρασκευή 7 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
Scanning Electron Microscopic Features of the Inferior Meatal Nasolacrimal Duct Openings
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructural features of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) openings in the inferior meatus. Methods: Five openings of the NLD in the inferior meati from 5 sagittal head sections of 3 cadavers were studied. Each of the openings were completely excised with 2 mm margins on all sides and transported to the laboratory in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The analysis was performed using the standard protocols of scanning electron microscopy. The ends, edges, and surfaces were studied along with the mucosal folds, if any, guarding the edge of the openings. Results: Of the 5 NLD openings studied, 4 were of the sulcus variety and 1 was of the shape of a fissure. The fissure opening had a guarding anterior edge mucosal fold. The luminal surfaces of the openings were mostly smooth with focal defined glandular structures. Occasional heterogenous areas with prominent and extensive well-defined glands lined by ciliated columnar epithelium were noted. There were presence of mucosal folds on the floor of the sulci of the openings giving an appearance of a subsulcus. Conclusions: The luminal surfaces of the NLD openings in the inferior meati shows mucosal folds reflected on themselves and cavernous vessels throughout the expanse of the openings. Tear rheology at the NLD opening and the physiologic role of subsulci need to be investigated further. Accepted for publication July 3, 2018. M.J.A. receives royalties from Springer for his treatises "Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery" and "Atlas of Lacrimal Drainage Disorders." The author has no conflicts of interest to disclose. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Mohammad Javed Ali, F.R.C.S., Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India. E-mail: drjaved007@gmail.com © 2018 by The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc., All rights reserved.
Color Doppler Flow Imaging of Retrobulbar Ocular Blood Flow Changes in Retinal Artery Occlusions Caused by Cosmetic Facial Filler Injections
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of retinal artery occlusions caused by cosmetic facial filler injections on the retrobulbar blood flow parameters. Methods: This was a retrospective, noncomparative case series. Ten consecutive patients with fundus artery occlusions caused by facial filler injections were evaluated using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). The peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity of the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery, and posterior ciliary arteries were determined. The clinical features, including the filler material, injection site, best-corrected visual acuity, fundus fluorescein angiography, and associated ocular and systemic manifestations were also collected. Results: Injected materials included autologous fat (7 cases) and hyaluronic acid (3 cases). In 6 of the patients with ophthalmic artery occlusions, the CDFI showed no or drastic declines in the retrobulbar blood flow in the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery, and posterior ciliary arteries. In 3 of the patients with central retinal artery occlusions, the CDFI showed no or a grossly decreased retrobulbar blood flow in the central retinal artery. In one patient with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, the CDFI showed decreased end diastolic velocities and increased pulsatility and resistance indices in the central retinal artery, posterior ciliary arteries, and ophthalmic artery. During the follow-up period, the retrobulbar blood flow recovered to some degree. Overall, ophthalmic artery occlusion patients receiving autologous fat may have neurologic complications. Conclusions: The results suggest that the retrobulbar ocular blood flows measured with CDFI were distinctly different in the different types of ophthalmic artery occlusion. Color Doppler flow imaging could provide a practicable and convenient method for the diagnosis and follow up of retinal artery occlusions caused by cosmetic facial filler injections. Accepted for publication July 8, 2018. The authors have no financial or conflicts of interest to disclose. Dr Xue had full access to all of the data in the study, taking responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design were performed by Dr Xue, A. Liu, P. Huang, and Dr Ren. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of the data were carried out by Dr Xue and P. Huang. Drafting of the manuscript was done by P. Huang. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content was performed by all authors. Statistical analysis was done by P. Huang. Administrative, technical, or material support was given by P. Huang and Dr Ren. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Kang Xue, M.D., Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China. E-mail: xuekang@foxmail.com © 2018 by The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc., All rights reserved.
Early Experience With Nonporous Polyethylene Barrier Sheet in Orbital Fracture Repair
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the nonporous polyethylene barrier sheet as an alternative for nylon foil (SupraFOIL) implants in repair of orbital fractures. Methods: This is a prospective, case series using the Stryker 0.4-mm-thick nonporous polyethylene barrier sheet in all patients over the age of 18 years presenting with orbital fractures from December 2014 to June 2015. Patient's age, location of fracture, etiology of injury, presence of preoperative restriction and diplopia, and postoperative diplopia and/or enophthalmos was recorded. Institutional review board approval was received, and consent was obtained from all participants. Patients were followed for at least 6 months when possible. Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the thickness, surface characteristics, and porosity of the nonporous polyethylene barrier and nylon foil implants. Beam deflection testing was also performed to compare the biomechanical properties of each implant. Results: Forty-six patients who underwent repair of orbital fractures with the nonporous polyethylene barrier sheet were included in this series. Average age was 43.3 years (range: 18–84 years). Twenty-six of 46 patients (56.5%) were males, and 20 (43.4%) were females. The most common causes of injuries were assault (38.3%), falls (25.5%), motor vehicle accident (14.9%), and sports related (10.5%). Twenty of 46 patients (43.4%) had isolated orbital floor, and 2 patients (4.3%) had isolated medial wall fractures. Fifteen patients (32.6%) had combined floor and medial wall fractures involving the inferomedial orbital strut, and 9 (19.6%) had floor fractures associated with zygomaticomaxillary complex or lateral wall fractures. Twenty-eight patients (60.9%) had preoperative diplopia. Timing of surgery was between 3 and 55 days, with the median of 11.5 days. Five of 46 patients (10.8%) had residual diplopia at their 1-week postoperative visit, 4 of those patients' diplopia had resolved at 2 months postoperatively. One patient had residual diplopia at 6-month follow up. Electron microscopy showed that the 0.4-mm nonporous polyethylene barrier implant was thinner (0.33 mm) than expected and thinner than 0.4-mm SupraFOIL (0.38 mm). Scanning electron microscopy exhibited that the surface of the nonporous polyethylene barrier was smooth and nonporous. Beam deflection testing showed that for small forces (
Orbital Extension of Conjunctival Pseudoadenomatous Hyperplasia
A 41-year-old woman developed persistent unilateral conjunctivitis following an upper respiratory infection. A white cystic lesion of the inferior fornix was noted on computed tomography scan to extend behind the orbital septum into the anterior portion of the orbit. Following subtotal excision, histopathology showed benign pseudoadenomatous (pseudoglandular) hyperplasia. The case represents the 5th report of this lesion occurring in the conjunctiva and the only instance of its extension into the orbit.Endonasal Approach to Orbital Pathology
Purpose: Transnasal endoscopic orbital surgery in an emerging surgical field. The surgical field has expanded from orbital decompression to excision of tumours from the medial orbit and over the last 20 years. As instrumentation has improved, the nature, location and size of tumours being excised has changed. Methods: This article discusses the salient surgical considerations when approaching an orbital lesion via a transnasal endoscopic route and reviews the literature. Results: An endonasal approach offers a potential space surgeons can utilise to access the orbit, possibly providing additional exposure, illumination and magnification to the medial and apical aspects of selected lesions. Conclusions: An endonasal approach may be useful as a sole or adjunctive approach in selected cases of orbital tumour excision.Cyst Excision and Globe Preservation in a Case of Microphthalmos With a Large Orbital Cyst and Visual Potential
Congenital microphthalmos belongs to a spectrum of diseases ranging from true anophthalmos to congenital clinical anophthalmos to microphthalmos. These conditions are frequently associated with an orbitopalpebral cyst, and pathologically, this represents a failure in the closure of the embryonic fissure at the 7–14 mm stage of gestation. The cyst develops as an outpouching from the eyeball and is generally helpful as it provides a stimulus for the orbit to expand. The general management guideline is to retain the cyst till it provides a stimulus for the orbit to expand and then to consider aspiration and sclerotherapy once orbital expansion is achieved. However, in eyes that have visual potential, sclerotherapy is contraindicated. The authors present an unusual case of a mildly microphthalmic eye with visual potential and a communicating cyst that was excised with a good result. The challenges faced in the excision of the communicating cyst with a wide pedicle and the management of the case are highlighted.Paracanthal “One-Snip” Decompression in a Cadaver Model of Retrobulbar Hemorrhage
Purpose: The authors assess the effectiveness of a modified paracanthal or "one-snip" procedure compared with the traditional lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis in the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and proptosis in a human cadaveric model of retrobulbar hemorrhage. Methods: This study comprised a comparative interventional study in a cadaveric model of retrobulbar hemorrhage. Six orbits of 3 fresh cadavers were included in the study. Baseline measurements of IOP and proptosis were recorded for all 6 orbits before and after simulation of retrobulbar hemorrhage as previously described. Right orbits (n = 3) underwent traditional lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis. Left orbits (n = 3) underwent modified paracanthal or "one-snip" procedure. The primary outcome measures were reduction in IOP and proptosis between the 2 techniques. Results: Following lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis of each right orbit, the average IOP dropped to 14 mm Hg (range of 11–18 mm Hg), corresponding to a mean decrease of 32 mm Hg. Following the "one-snip" procedure of each left orbit, the average IOP dropped to 19 mm Hg with a range of 16 to 23 mm Hg, corresponding to a mean decrease of 22 mm Hg. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP reduction (p = 0.36) or proptosis reduction (p = 0.23) between the 2 treatment groups. Conclusions: Compared with traditional lateral canthotomy xand inferior cantholysis, the modified paracanthal or "one-snip" procedure is effective for IOP reduction and led to mild improvement of proptosis in a cadaveric model of retrobulbar hemorrhage. The authors hope this study helps improve orbital compartment syndrome outcomes by providing an option that more providers will feel comfortable performing and therefore decreasing time to surgical decompression.Mild Complications or Unusual Persistence of Porcine Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Gel Following Periocular Filler Injections
The purpose of this study was to describe the histopathologic appearance of dermal eyelid fillers that were unexpectedly encountered in ophthalmic plastic surgery samples from patients with mild eyelid disfigurements, and to review eyelid cases with complications that had previously been described in the literature. A retrospective histopathologic study with Alcian blue, elastic, and Masson trichrome stains of 2 cases that were submitted to the Ocular Pathology Department was conducted, and a critical review of previously published cases of the histopathologic characteristics of dermal filler material in the periocular region was also conducted. Two periocular tissue samples were found to contain dermal filler material. In one case, porcine collagen appeared as amorphous or indistinctly microfibrillar aggregates that stained light blue with the Masson trichrome method. In the other case, hyaluronic acid gel appeared as vivid blue amorphous pools of material in extracellular locules after staining with the Alcian blue method. An inflammatory response was not observed in either case. Patients who undergo facial filler procedures may, at a later time, require a surgical excisional procedure from which a specimen is generated. Previously injected dermal filler that the patient neglected to mention may be present in the pathologic sample, potentially perplexing the unsuspecting pathologist. Both ophthalmic plastic surgeons and ocular pathologists should be aware of the histopathologic features of dermal fillers. It is helpful if a surgeon who submits a specimen to the pathology service makes note of any known prior use of facial filler material or is alert to its possible presence when unfamiliar foreign material is discovered in the dermis of the eyelids.Significance of Early Postoperative Eyelid Position on Late Postoperative Result in Mueller’s Muscle Conjunctival Resection and External Levator Advancement Surgery
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether advancement of the levator aponeurosis in external levator resection surgery or Mueller's muscle and conjunctiva in Mueller's muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) surgery has a differential effect on variation in eyelid position during the postoperative period. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, 2 groups of patients were defined. The first underwent MMCR surgery without tarsectomy by surgeon 1. The second underwent external levator resection without dissection posterior to the levator aponeurosis by surgeon 2. Marginal reflex distance (MRD1) was calculated based on digital photographs at baseline, 1 week postoperatively and at 3-month follow up. The primary outcome measure was change in MRD1 over time. The secondary outcome was defined as the proportion of patients with minimal early postoperative change (change of MRD1 less than 0.5 mm at 1 week postoperatively). Repeated measures analysis of variance, t test, and chi-square analyses were performed. Results: Of the 114 eyes in the sample, there were 68 in the MMCR group and 46 in the external levator resection group. A significant interaction between group and time was noted (p 1 mm from the early postoperative to the late postoperative time points. Conclusions: Both external levator resection and MMCR can effectively elevate the eyelid in cases of primary involutional ptosis, and have similar late postoperative results. The authors found that MMCR cases undergo greater change between the early and late postoperative period, suggesting the process of eyelid elevation after MMCR may be dynamic, involving postoperative physiologic modification.Sino-Orbital Fungal Infection by Tilletiopsis minor, a Rare Human Pathogen, Diagnosed by Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequencing
Orbital infection can be caused by numerous pathogens, and accurate diagnosis informs appropriate therapy. The authors report a case of a 78-year-old man with well-controlled diabetes mellitus and recurrent sino-orbital infection following multiple surgical procedures with negative microbiologic results. This case presented a diagnostic and treatment challenge and was aided by the use of internal transcribed spacer sequencing for pathogen identification. The fungal pathogen, Tilletiopsis minor, has not previously been described as a human pathogen in the sinus and orbit. This report describes a novel orbital pathogen and highlights the importance of diagnostic diligence and utilizing internal transcribed spacer sequencing in the workup of atypical orbital infection.Symmetry of Upper Eyelid Contour After Unilateral Blepharoptosis Repair With a Single-strip Frontalis Suspension Technique
Purpose: To analyze the upper eyelid contour of patients with unilateral congenital ptosis who underwent single-strip frontalis suspension. Methods: The authors compared the upper eyelid shape of the right and left eyes of 10 patients who underwent unilateral frontalis suspension with a single strip of autogenous fascia. At a mean postoperative time of 10.1 ± 4.01 months, the image J software was used to measure the ratio between the nasal and temporal areas of the upper half of the palpebral fissure. The midpupil upper eyelid distance (MRD1) was also measured on the photos with the same software. The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the data. Results: Postoperative MRD1 ranged from 2.5 to 4.7 mm (median = 3.8) on the affected side. The MRD1 for nonoperated eyelid ranged from 1.8 to 5.0 mm (median = 3.5). On the operated side, the temporal areas ranged from 50.3 to 85.7 mm2 (median 65.2) and nasal areas ranged from 41.5 to 72.3 (the median was 60.1). In the contralateral, nonoperated palpebral fissures, the temporal areas ranged from 42.7 to 94.3 mm2 (median = 54.5) and the nasal areas ranged from 36.8 to 86.1 mm2 (median 52.3). The T/N ratio distributions were almost identical between groups, ranging from 0.9 to 1.2 (median = 1.1) in the operated eyes and from 0.9 to 1.3 (median = 1.1) in the fellow eyes. Conclusions: In autogenous fascia frontalis suspension procedures, the upper eyelid contour of the ptotic eyelids can be adequately normalized with a single area of traction on the tarsal plate.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Thresholds for Nasolacrimal Air Regurgitation in a Cadaveric Model
Purpose: To elucidate the mechanisms underlying nasolacrimal air regurgitation (AR) in the setting of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Methods: Twelve nasolacrimal systems of 6 fresh female human cadavers were evaluated individually for AR using continuous positive airway pressure therapy before any nasolacrimal procedure. Cadavers were then randomly assigned to undergo nasolacrimal duct probing or endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and then each hemisystem was again evaluated for AR. The pressure where AR was first observed (discovery pressure) or maximum possible pressure in systems without AR was recorded. In systems that demonstrated AR, the pressure was then gradually decreased to the lowest pressure where regurgitation persisted. This pressure was recorded as the secondary threshold pressure. Results: None of the 12 unoperated nasolacrimal systems or the 6 systems that underwent nasolacrimal duct probing demonstrated AR through the maximum continuous positive airway pressure therapy (30 cm H2O). After endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, all 6 nasolacrimal systems demonstrated AR. The mean discovery pressure was 16.0 cm H2O (range, 14.0–18.0 cm H2O) and mean secondary threshold pressure was 7.25 cm H2O (range, 6.5–8.0 cm H2O). Conclusions: Air regurgitation during continuous positive airway pressure therapy in the setting of prior endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy can be replicated in a cadaver model. The secondary threshold pressures required for AR in this model were similar to AR pressures reported clinically. Prior to dacryocystorhinostomy, patients using continuous positive airway pressure therapy should be counseled on AR, and physicians should consider this phenomenon when evaluating ophthalmic complaints in postoperative patients on positive airway pressure therapy.Orbital Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma Following Radiotherapy: A Report of 2 Cases
Purpose: To present 2 patients in whom orbital radiation preceded the development of periorbital extranodal marginal zone lymphoma by more than a decade and to investigate the likelihood of this representing irradiation-induced malignancy. Methods: Retrospective chart review and histopathologic study with immunohistochemistry of 2 cases. Results: The first patient was a 58-year-old woman who developed an orbital mass within the vicinity of the lateral rectus muscle 17 years after external beam proton radiation therapy for an inferotemporal choroidal melanoma. The second patient was a 32-year-old woman who developed a mass in the right lacrimal gland 12 years after external beam photon radiation therapy for chronic inflammatory dacryoadenitis. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies confirmed orbital extranodal marginal zone lymphoma in both cases. Retrospective review of older histopathologic slides from the second patient revealed underlying immunoglobulin G4–related disease. Discussion: The unusual sequence of events in these 2 cases raises the question of whether orbital radiation may in rare instances promote the development of orbital extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. The literature pertaining to irradiation-induced secondary malignancy in the orbit is reviewed. Conclusions: Clinicians should consider the possibility of a secondary malignancy when evaluating a patient with an orbital mass and a history of prior local radiation exposure.Carboplatin and Pembrolizumab Chemoimmunotherapy Achieves Remission in Recurrent, Metastatic Sebaceous Carcinoma
A 72-year-old Caucasian woman who had recurrent sebaceous carcinoma of the right orbit with bilateral cervical lymph node involvement 24 months after orbital exenteration was treated with carboplatin (area under the curve of 5) and pembrolizumab (2 mg/kg) for 6 cycles, followed by maintenance pembrolizumab. She obtained a complete pathological remission and remains free of local, regional, and systemic disease at 15 months.Deep Orbital Sub-Q Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection for Enophthalmic Sighted Eyes in Parry–Romberg Syndrome
Purpose: The authors present a consecutive series of deep orbital Sub-Q injections to treat enophthalmic sighted eyes in Parry–Romberg syndrome patients. Methods: Retrospective, interventional case series in 2 centers. Data were collected on patient demographics, Parry–Romberg syndrome onset age, previous orbital and eyelid surgeries, diplopia, ocular movement restriction before and after the injection, number of injections, interval between injections, indication for any top-up or dissolution of filler, and any other complications. In all cases, the hyaluronic acid gel used was Restylane Sub-Q + Lidocaine. Results: A total of 8 injections on 3 patients with Parry–Romberg syndrome, and significant enophthalmos is reported. All injections were with deep orbital Sub-Q filler. All patients were females, aged 32, 24, and 52 years old while their symptoms started at 15, 16, and 30 years old, respectively. None had orbital surgery prior to the injection. Follow up period was 2, 7, and 5 years respectively. All presented a significant enophthalmos of 4 mm which reduced to 1 mm after the injection, and duration effect was 18, 24, and 20 months, respectively. We observed a significant improvement in enophthalmos, lagophthalmos, exposure keratopathy, and even ocular motility. Lagophthalmos improved from 1, 4, and 7 mm to 0, 1, and 2 mm post injection. Ocular motility improved with no onset of new limitation or diplopia. Lower eyelid retraction increased in 1 patient after orbital injection. No other complications occurred. Conclusions: Deep orbital Sub-Q hyaluronic injection for treatment of enophthalmos in Parry–Romberg syndrome is an useful option in sighted eyes.Epithelial–Myoepithelial Carcinoma Presenting as a Pseudo Veno-Lymphatic Malformation
A 41-year-old woman presented with several days of right eye pain and blurred vision. Examination and radiologic workup were consistent with a veno-lymphatic malformation, including demonstration of cystic fluid–fluid levels on imaging. Histopathology supported the presence of cystic spaces but revealed the final diagnosis of lacrimal epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma, a rare neoplasm typically associated with the salivary gland. This represents the first reported case of lacrimal epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma presenting with pain and evidence of intralesional cysts on radiographic and histopathologic evaluation. Better characterization will enable recognition, complete surgical excision, and potential adjuvant radiation therapy.Gelatin-Based Hemostatic Agents: Histopathologic Differences
Purpose: To delineate the histopathologic appearance of gelatin-based hemostatic agents, Surgiflo, Gelfoam, and Floseal, which are used by ophthalmic plastic surgeons, and which may incidentally be found as foreign materials in histopathologic tissue samples. Methods: Histopathologic analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson trichrome, and elastin staining on tissue samples in which gelatin-based agents were found. To better characterize these materials, similar analyses were performed on in vitro samples of commonly used gelatin-based hemostatic agents. Results: Surgiflo and Gelfoam are composed of small stellate pieces of gelatin with a smooth, homogeneous quality. In tissues, they are faintly positive with periodic acid-Schiff staining, amphophilic with Masson trichrome staining, and ink-black with elastin staining. Floseal has a distinctly different morphology of large rectangular sheets, yet almost identical in vitro staining properties. Discussion: While the morphology of the gelatin-based hemostatic agents is consistent under various conditions, the staining properties of these materials differ based on whether they have been in contact with human tissue. Conclusions: Gelatin-derived hemostatic agents are best identified based on their morphologic characteristics. Elastin staining highlights these materials prominently within tissue samples and may be helpful in distinguishing them from other foreign materials.Orbital Apex Syndrome in Pseudomonas Sinusitis After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Sinusitis complicated by orbital apex syndrome is rare. The majority of cases are due to mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients. The authors report a case of orbital apex syndrome secondary to Pseudomonas sinusitis. The patient was a 79-year-old Type 2 diabetic woman who underwent left-sided functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Three months postprocedure, she presented with a 3-week history of gradual vision loss and constant temporal headache on the ipsilateral side. Examination revealed light perception vision, a relative afferent pupillary defect, absent corneal reflex, and disc pallor. Imaging revealed opacification of the posterior ethmoidal air cells extending to involve the orbital apex. Urgent orbital and sinonasal decompression was performed. Intraoperative specimens grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B, posaconazole, and piperacillin/tazobactam. The patient recovered with no visual sequelae. Pseudomonas is an important mimicker to consider in sinusitis causing orbital apex syndrome, and it may occur following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Medial Buttressing in Orbital Blowout Fractures
Purpose: To study whether ethmoidectomy predisposes the orbit to medial wall fracture with lesser trauma. Methods: An interventional cadaver study of 5 heads (10 orbits); the left or right orbit was randomized to undergo endoscopic complete ethmoidectomy with the fellow orbit as control. Fractures were induced with direct globe trauma, and heads underwent CT scanning. Energy to induce fracture, peak orbital pressure at time of fracture, fracture pattern, and volume of herniated tissue were measured and analyzed. Results: Fractures were induced in both orbits of all cadavers. Experimental orbits after ethmoidectomy sustained orbital fracture at less energy required (2.14 ± 0.66 vs. 3.10 ± 0.19 J, mean difference: −0.96 ± 0.33 J, p
Fenton oxidation of municipal secondary effluent: comparison of Fe/Ce-RGO (reduced graphene oxide) and Fe 2+ as catalysts
Abstract
The advanced treatment of municipal secondary effluent by heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton processes using Fe/Ce-RGO (reduced graphene oxide) and Fe2+ as catalysts was studied and compared. Sulfamethazine (SMT) was spiked in the effluent to examine the effectiveness of the emerging contaminant removal. The Fe/Ce-RGO catalyst was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cycle voltammetry curves. The removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), SMT, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy in 254 nm (UV254) of municipal secondary effluents was examined. The DOC removal efficiency of secondary effluent (without addition of SMT) was 36.30% and 11.74% using Fe/Ce-RGO and Fe2+ as catalysts, respectively. The removal efficiency of DOC, SCOD, and SMT in heterogeneous Fenton process was higher than that in homogeneous Fenton process. The changes of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence, soluble microbial products (SMPs), humic acids, and UV254 were determined, and the results indicated that UV254, aromatic proteins, and humic acids decreased rapidly in both processes; however, polysaccharides and protein-like substances were difficult to degrade. Although some toxic substances produced after Fenton-like treatment, the biodegradability of the treated effluent was enhanced.
Correction to: Antimicrobial resistance and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli isolated from the environment of horse riding centers
The original publication of this paper contains a mistake.
Recent advances in the microbial hydroxylation and reduction of soy isoflavones
ABSTRACT
Soy isoflavones are naturally occurring phytochemicals, which are biotransformed into functional derivatives through oxidative and reductive metabolic pathways of diverse microorganisms. Such representative derivatives, ortho-dihydroxyisoflavones (ODIs) and equols, have attracted great attention for their versatile health benefits since they were found from soybean fermented foods and human intestinal fluids. Recently, scientists in food technology, nutrition and microbiology began to understand their correct biosynthetic pathways and nutraceutical values, and have attempted to produce the valuable bioactive compounds using microbial fermentation and whole-cell/enzyme-based biotransformation. Furthermore, artificial design of microbial catalysts and/or protein engineering of oxidoreductases were also conducted to enhance production efficiency and regioselectivity of products. This minireview summarizes and introduces the past year's studies and recent advances in notable production of ODIs and equols, and provides information on available microbial species and their catalytic performance with perspectives on industrial application.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mutant lacking flagella remains virulent in DBA/2N mice but is less efficient in stimulating TNF-α expression
ABSTRACT
To understand the role of flagella of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in lung infections, DBA/2N mice were challenged with aflagellate fliI− mutant and colonization, invasion and persistence, lung damage and inflammatory response compared, on days 1 and 3 post-exposure (p.e.), with that of the isogenic wild-type (wt). Following exposure to nebulized bacterial suspension, mice infected with wt and fliI− strains showed a comparable trend in body weight change, pulmonary persistence, lung damage and mortality rate over the study period considered. Interestingly, although on day 1 p.e. both strains colonized near all the spleens, on day 3 p.e. wt strain persisted in 40% of spleens, whereas fliI− mutant was completely cleared. No significant differences were found in MIP-2, IFN-γ and IL-6 pulmonary levels between groups over time, except for TNF-α whose levels on day 1 p.e. were significantly higher in mice infected with flagellated wt strain. Overall, our results indicate that in S. maltophilia flagella and motility might not represent virulence traits involved in the pathogenesis of lung infection. However, the evidence for a specific flagellar-induced TNF-α response warrants further study.Reply to: Letter to the editor: Evaluation of anatomical and round breast implant aesthetics and preferences in Dutch young lay and plastic surgeon cohort
We would like to thank Dr. Cheng and Dr. Cen for reading our article and for submitting their interesting points.1 All patients included in our study underwent primary aesthetic breast augmentation with either anatomical or round breast implants.2 Dr. Cheng and Dr. Cen correctly mention that a history of breast disease or surgery would have an impact on breast aesthetics due to skin compliance and breast parenchyma. For this reason, we excluded patients that underwent prior breast surgery as it may have possibly lead to malformation, which could be a reason for revision surgery.
The atopic dermatitis-like lesion and the associated MRSA infection and barrier dysfunction can be alleviated by 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol from Antrodia camphorata
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease with an associated barrier dysfunction and Staphylococcus aureus infection. The mainstay steroid and calcineurin inhibitor therapy shows some adverse effects. 2,4-Dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol (DMD) is a benzenoid isolated from Antrodia camphorata.
Carboxytherapy-Induced Fat loss is Associated with VEGF-Mediated Vascularization
Abstract
Background
Carboxytherapy is the transcutaneous administration of CO2 gas for therapeutic purposes. Although this non-surgical procedure has been widely used for reducing localized adiposity, its effectiveness on fat loss in obese patients and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods
C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to generate obese animal models. Obese mice were randomly assigned to two groups: One group was administered air to both inguinal fat pads (air/air), and the other group was treated with air to the left inguinal fat pad and with CO2 to the right inguinal fat pad (air/CO2). Each group was treated every other day for 2 weeks. Morphological changes and expression levels of genes associated with lipogenesis and vascularization in fat were determined by histological and qRT-PCR analyses.
Results
Mice treated with air/CO2 showed lower body weights and blood glucose levels compared to air/air-treated mice. Paired comparison analysis revealed that CO2 administration significantly decreased adipose tissue weights and adipocyte sizes compared to air treatment. Additionally, CO2 treatment markedly increased vessel numbers and expressions of Vegfa and Fgf1 genes in adipose tissues. The expressions of Fasn and Fabp4 genes were also modestly reduced in CO2-treated adipose tissue. Moreover, Ucp1 expression, the target gene of VEGF and a key regulator in energy expenditure, was significantly increased in CO2-treated adipose tissue.
Conclusions
Carboxytherapy is effective in the reduction of localized fat in obese patients which is mechanistically associated with alteration of the vasculature involved in VEGF.
No Level Assigned
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Transcriptional regulation of the ferric aerobactin receptor gene by a GntR-like repressor IutR in Vibrio furnissii
Abstract
We found that Vibrio furnissii can utilize aerobactin (AERO) as a xenosiderophore. A homology search of its genome revealed that this bacterium possesses genes encoding an AERO-mediated iron acquisition system similar to that of Vibrio vulnificus. The system consists of the ABC transporter gene vatCDB, the GntR-type transcriptional repressor gene iutR, and the outer membrane receptor gene iutA. The functions of the vatCDB operon and iutA in V. furnissii were confirmed by the inability of the corresponding deletion mutants to utilize AERO. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR revealed that iutA transcription under iron-limiting conditions was extensively activated by the addition of AERO to the growth medium; therefore, we focused on elucidating this phenomenon. Electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays revealed that glutathione S-transferase-fused IutR (GST-IutR) bound directly to a specific palindromic sequence in the iutA promoter region. However, GST-IutR did not bind to this sequence when either AERO or ferric AERO was present in the assay mixture. These in vitro findings suggest that, under iron-limiting conditions, iutA transcription in V. furnissii is artfully regulated both by IutR, acting as a direct repressor of iutA, and by AERO, acting as an effector for IutR, leading to the derepression of iutA transcription.Photodegradation of clothianidin and thiamethoxam in agricultural soils
Abstract
Presented in this paper is a study on the photodegradation of two widely used neonicotinoid insecticides clothianidin and thiamethoxam in three soils and in solid phase. The effects of light with differing wavelengths were examined using the natural sunlight and single ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) light sources. The results indicated that UVB played a key role in the photodegradation of clothianidin and thiamethoxam while the effects of visible and UVA lights were negligible. The degradations of clothianidin and thiamethoxam under all the light sources followed the first-order kinetics, and the half-lives of clothianidin and thiamethoxam in the three soils under the sunlight ranged from 97 to 112 h and 88 to 103 h, respectively. When clothianidin and thiamethoxam were directly exposed to the sunlight without soil, the degradation rates were remarkably higher with half-lives being 13 and 10 h, respectively. Therefore, the insecticides fallen on the surface of soils would be degraded under sunlight much faster than those that enter the soils. The examination of the degradation products revealed four compounds from the photodegradation of clothianidin and three from thiamethoxam, and clothianidin was one of the photodegradation products of thiamethoxam.
The potential adsorption mechanism of the biochars with different modification processes to Cr(VI)
Abstract
Modified biochar has attracted wide attention due to its advantageous adsorption performance. However, the influence of modification process of biochar on adsorption capacity was seldom studied. In this study, biochar derived from corn stalks was modified through two kinds of modification processes: pre-pyrolysis (MBCpre) and post-pyrolysis (MBCpost) modification with citric acid, sodium hydroxide, ferric chloride, respectively. The results showed that the biochar modified by ferric chloride (MBC) provided better adsorption capacity for Cr(VI), and the pre-pyrolysis offered more favorable adsorption capacity for biochar than post-pyrolysis. By means of instrumental analysis, it was found that MBCpre owned highly dispersed Fe3O4 particles and larger surface area, which could be the critical role for enhancing the adsorption capacity of MBCpre. Meanwhile, MBCpost appeared more protonated oxygen-rich functional groups(C=O, –OH, etc.) and adsorbed Cr(VI) by electrostatic attraction and complexation. This study will offer a novel idea for the treatment of chromium-containing wastewater by selecting the modification processes of biochar.
Graphical abstract
Spatio-temporal variability and source identification for metal contamination in the river sediment of Indian Sundarbans, a world heritage site
Abstract
Metal pollution is a subject of growing concern as it affects the whole food chain of an ecosystem by bioaccumulation. Growing industrialization and anthropogenic intervention have put tremendous pressure on self-sustaining ecosystems worldwide. Sundarbans mangrove estuary, being a UNESCO World Heritage site, suffers severely from anthropogenic stress, urbanization, ecotourism, overexploitation of natural resources and discharges of industrial as well as municipal waste products. Our study unfolds the extent of metal pollution in the sediment of this estuarine mangrove ecosystem and also investigates the source and distribution of these metals. Extensive samplings were performed during three major seasons, namely pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon for two consecutive years at ten sampling stations along the major river networks of the mangrove estuary. Seasonal variations of these metals, physicochemical properties, and soil texture studies were performed to explore the sediment quality of the study area. Positive correlation was observed between the pollutants and siltation. Several environmental indices were investigated to explore the degree of metal pollution which revealed contamination of Cd, Cr, and Pb to cross the permitted safe index in the study area. Pollution load index indicates the spatial as well as seasonal variation of eco toxic metal load along the course of the rivers. Statistical analyses such as principal component analysis and correlation matrix identified different sources for metal contamination. Almost 700 tannery industries are located in the upstream region of the rivers, and several small- and large-scale battery industries seem to be the main possible source for Cd, Cr, and Pb pollution. Analysis of the results indicates the alarming condition of this heritage site. The metal concentrations beyond toxicity thresholds are responsible for gradual deterioration of this estuarine mangrove which may only be protected by developing sustainable management planning.
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A Case of Diprosopus Tetraophthalmos: Ocular Findings and Surgical Treatment of Exposure KeratopathyDiprosopus is a rare variation of conjoined twinning. In this report, ophthalmic findings in an infant with diprosopus tetraophthalmos are p...
