Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, EarlyView.
Τετάρτη 6 Ιουνίου 2018
Diagnostic accuracy of whole slide imaging for cutaneous, soft tissue, and melanoma sentinel lymph node biopsies with and without immunohistochemistry
Malignant melanoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation in a lymph node metastasis
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, EarlyView.
Granulomatous dermatitis associated with ipilimumab therapy (ipilimumab associated granulomatous dermatitis)
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, EarlyView.
On the Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Microalgae Populations Based on Fluorometric Techniques
Photochemistry and Photobiology, EarlyView.
Generation of 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanine in G‐Quadruplexes Models of Human Telomere Sequences by One‐electron Oxidation
Photochemistry and Photobiology, EarlyView.
Photoprotective Effects of a Multifunctional Hair Care Formulation Containing Botanical Extracts, Vitamins, and UV Filters
Photochemistry and Photobiology, EarlyView.
Human‐computer symbiosis: enhancing dermatologic care while preserving the art of healing
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Climate change and atopic dermatitis: is there a link?
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
JAK‐STAT signaling pathway inhibition: a role for treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Incidence of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus in North‐East Poland (Podlaskie Province) – a 15‐year (2001–2015) bicentric retrospective study
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Acral nodule as a form of atypical presentation of a tufted angioma in adulthood
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Psychosomatic factors of atopic dermatitis exacerbation
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: clinical and molecular review
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Disseminated tuberculosis following adalimumab treatment in psoriasis despite negative screening
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
First case of symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) due to Berberine, an over‐the‐counter herbal glycemic control agent
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Vitamin D status in adult patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer in Cape Town, South Africa: a cross‐sectional study
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Bazex‐Dupré‐Christol syndrome: review of clinical and molecular aspects
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Pigmented mammary Paget disease mimicking cutaneous melanoma
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
A prospective study to validate various clinical criteria used in classification of leprosy: a study from a tertiary care center in India
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Multiple red‐brown nodules and plaques on the face, trunk, and bilateral elbows
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
The rapidly evolving lesions of ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum: a timeline
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Colloid milium: the expanding spectrum of orange color at dermoscopy
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Multiple vegetating plaques on a Cesarean section scar
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Migratory, recurrent skin eruption in a returning traveller
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Systemic contact dermatitis caused by inhalation of epoxy resin in industrial waste vapour
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Immediate irritant dermatitis from the passionvine hopper (Scolypopa australis)
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema after facial cosmetic procedure in an 11‐year‐old girl
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Chemopreventive potential of nicotinamide in Gilmore's Bayesian analysis
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Treatment of giant vulvar syringomas with topical adelmidrol: The role of mast cells
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Eosinophilic fasciitis and lichen sclerosus in a patient treated with nivolumab
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Issue Information ‐ TOC
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, Volume 59, Issue 2, Page 79-81, May 2018.
Issue Information ‐ JEB
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, Volume 59, Issue 2, Page 83-83, May 2018.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in Bowen's disease when arising de novo and acquiring invasive capacity
The Journal of Dermatology, Volume 45, Issue 6, Page 748-750, June 2018.
Epidermal barrier disruption by 9‐hydroxy‐10E,12Z‐octadecadienoic acid in human keratinocytes
The Journal of Dermatology, Volume 45, Issue 6, Page 746-747, June 2018.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of male‐pattern and female‐pattern hair loss, 2017 version
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Two cases of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in the anophthalmic socket after treatment of retinoblastoma
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Scleroderma‐like syndrome associated with nivolumab treatment in malignant melanoma
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Localized scleroderma occurring after treatment of chronic hepatitis C with sofosbuvir and ribavirin
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Case of psoriasiform and pustular eruptions in addition to alopecia as a paradoxical reaction induced by infliximab
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Nevus unius lateris: Electrofulguration as a therapeutic approach
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Mild hyperbaric oxygen activates the proliferation of epidermal basal cells in aged mice
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
From biologic to biologic: Ulcerative colitis in the setting of psoriasis treatment
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
H syndrome: Clinical, histological and genetic investigation in Tunisian patients
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Four cases of acute infectious urticaria showing significant elevation of plasma D‐dimer level
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Pigmented mammary Paget's disease without underlying carcinoma
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Key component of inflammasome, NLRC4, was identified in the lesional epidermis of psoriatic patients
The Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Promoting sun light-induced photocatalytic degradation of toxic phenols by efficient and stable double metal cyanide nanocubes
Abstract
Aromatic substituted phenols and their by-products discharged from numerous industries are of environmental concern due to their toxic, carcinogenic, recalcitrant, and bioaccumulating properties. Therefore, their complete removal from waters by low-cost, efficient, environmentally friendly nanomaterial-based treatment techniques is desirable. Double metal cyanide complexes (DMCC) are the extremely useful heterogeneous and recoverable catalyst. Hence, green route has been developed for several DMCC and their photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated for degradation of toxic phenols. Herein, nanocubes for hexacyanocobaltate of iron (FeHCC ~ 200 nm), nickel (NiHCC < 10 nm), and zinc (ZnHCC ~ 500 nm) were synthesized after employing Aegle marmelos. Subsequently, at neutral pH and sunlight irradiation, 15 mg of catalysts were able to degrade the maximum extent of phenols (1 × 10−4 M) in the order: 3-aminophenol (96% ZnHCC > 94% FeHCC > 93% NiHCC) > phenol (94% ZnHCC > 92% FeHCC > 91% NiHCC) > 2,4-DNP (92% ZnHCC > 91% FeHCC > 90% NiHCC). This is attributed to highest basicity of 3-aminophenol containing excess of free electrons. Highest catalytic potential of ZnHCC (Xm = 0.54–0.43 mg/g) is because of its highest surface area and negative zeta potential along with sharp morphology and crystallinity. Adsorption of phenols over catalyst was statistically significant with Langmuir isotherms (R2 ≥ 0.96; p value ≤ 0.05). Small and non-toxic by-products like oxalic acid, benzoquinone, (Z)-hex-3-enedioic acid, (Z)-but-2-enal, and (Z)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid were identified in GC-MS. Degradation modes involving hydroxylation, oxidative skeletal rearrangement, and ring opening clearly supported enhanced oxidation of phenols by •OH. Overall, due to greater active sites, high surface activity, low band gap, and semiconducting nature, DMCC revealed promising potential for solar photocatalytic remediation of wastewater.
Effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes on Cr(VI) reduction by citric acid: Implications for their use in soil remediation
Abstract
The potential application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in waste water treatment and their effect on the fate of heavy metals in the environments have attracted wide attention. However, the influence of CNTs on the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in soils remains unknown. In this study, Cr(VI) adsorption by carboxylated or hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH or MWCNT-OH) was investigated together with their catalytic effect on Cr(VI) reduction by citric acid. Across the initial concentration range examined (5–60 mg/L), the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) by MWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-OH (pH 5.0) could reach to 8.09 and 7.85 mg/g, respectively. With the decrease in pH, the Cr(VI) adsorption by both MWCNTs increased, while their difference in adsorption capacity became more pronounced, evidenced by that the percentage of Cr(VI) adsorbed by MWCNT-COOH can be 1.3-fold higher than that of MWCNT-OH at a pH of 3.2. The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetics could be well described by pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.95) and intra-particle diffusion models (R2 > 0.98). MWCNT-OH or MWCNT-COOH could accelerate the reduction of 0.1 mM Cr(VI) by 1.0 mM citric acid, with the first-order rate constant of 0.0325 and 0.0147 h−1, respectively. This finding was explained as that the reactivity of citric acid might be enhanced with its adsorption on the MWCNT surfaces. The catalysis of the functionalized CNTs on the Cr(VI) reduction was inhibited as the pH increased. The addition of MWCNTs to an oxisol can enhance the Cr(VI) reduction because the final concentration of aqueous Cr(III), compared with that without addition of MWCNTs, increased from 20.7 to 32.6 μM. Meanwhile, re-adsorption of aqueous Cr(III) onto the solid surfaces was also observed. The results above are important for understanding on the effect of CNTs on the fate of Cr(VI) and how they can be used to remediate Cr(VI)-polluted soils.
Optimization of the electrochemical degradation process of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin using a double-sided β-PbO 2 anode in a flow reactor: kinetics, identification of oxidation intermediates and toxicity evaluation
Abstract
The electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin—CIP (50 mg L−1 in 0.10 mol L−1 Na2SO4) was investigated using a double-sided Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode in a filter-press flow reactor, with identification of oxidation intermediates and follow-up of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The effect of solution pH, flow rate, current density, and temperature on the CIP removal rate was evaluated. All of these parameters did affect the CIP removal performance; thus, optimized electrolysis conditions were further explored: pH = 10, qV = 6.5 L min−1, j = 30 mA cm−2, and θ = 25 °C. Therefore, CIP was removed within 2 h, whereas ~75% of the total organic carbon concentration (TOC) was removed after 5 h and then, the solution no longer presented antimicrobial activity. When the electrochemical degradation of CIP was investigated using a single-sided boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, its performance in TOC removal was similar to that of the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode; considering the higher oxidation power of BDD, the surprisingly good comparative performance of the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 anode was ascribed to significantly better hydrodynamic conditions attained in the filter-press reactor used with this electrode. Five initial oxidation intermediates were identified by LC-MS/MS and completely removed after 4 h of electrolysis; since they have also been determined in other degradation processes, there must be similarities in the involved oxidation mechanisms. Five terminal oxidation intermediates (acetic, formic, oxamic, propionic, and succinic acids) were identified by LC-UV and all of them (except acetic acid) were removed after 10 h of electrolysis.
Revegetation of the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir leads to increased soil bacterial diversity
Abstract
As one of the most active components in soil, bacteria can affect soil physicochemical properties, its biological characteristics, and even its quality and health. We characterized dynamics of the soil bacterial diversity in planted (with Taxodium distichum) and unplanted soil in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir (TGDR), in southwestern China, in order to accurately quantify the changes in long-term soil bacterial community structure after revegetation. Measurements were taken annually in situ in the TGDR over the course of 5 years, from 2012 to 2016. Soil chemical properties and bacterial diversity were analyzed in both the planted and unplanted soil. After revegetation, the soil chemical properties in planted soil were significantly different than in unplanted soil. The effects of treatment, time, and the interaction of both time and treatment had significant impacts on most diversity indices. Specifically, the bacterial community diversity indices in planted soil were significantly higher and more stable than that in unplanted soil. The correlation analyses indicated that the diversity indices correlated with the pH value, organic matter, and soil available nutrients. After revegetation in the riparian zone of the TGDR, the soil quality and health is closely related to the observed bacterial diversity, and a higher bacterial diversity avails the maintenance of soil functionality. Thus, more reforestation should be carried out in the riparian zone of the TGDR, so as to effectively mitigate the negative ecological impacts of the dam. Vegetating the reservoir banks with Taxodium distichum proved successful, but planting mixed stands of native tree species could promote even higher riparian soil biodiversity and improved levels of ecosystem functioning within the TGDR.
Accumulation and distribution of PAHs in winter wheat from areas influenced by coal combustion in China
Abstract
In order to investigate level and potential sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wheat fields affected by coal combustion in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces and to investigate distribution and transfer of PAHs in winter wheat grown in the areas, various tissues of the crop and the corresponding rhizosphere soils were collected during the harvest season of winter wheat. The mean concentrations of USEPA 15 priority PAHs (sum of the three- to six-ring PAHs) ranged from 486 to 1117 μg kg−1 in the rhizosphere soils, indicating serious PAH contamination. Based on both the isomeric ratios of PAHs and a principal component analysis (PCA), the main sources of PAHs in the agricultural soils were from combustion of biomass, coal and petroleum, and petroleum. ∑15PAHs were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the roots (287–432 μg kg−1) than those in aerial tissues (221–310 μg kg−1). There were two decreasing gradients of PAH concentrations, one from roots, stems to leaves, and the other from glumes to grains. Regardless of sampling sites, most PAHs detected in the roots and in the aerial tissues were three-ring PAHs (acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene) and the percentages of three-ring PAHs were much higher in the aerial tissues (72.5–82.7%) than in the roots (49.5–74.0%) and in the rhizosphere soils (36.3–65.7%). The distribution of PAHs with different ring numbers in the stems, leaves, and glumes was quite similar to each other but was significantly different from that of the roots and rhizosphere soils. Combined with significant results from partial correlation and linear regression models, the present study suggested that partial three- to four-ring PAHs in the aerial tissues are derived from root-soil uptake and that six-ring PAHs may come from the air-to-leaf pathway, although the quantity contribution of foliar uptake and root uptake was yet to be further studied.
Disruption of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 induces flocculation and filamentous growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are major players in mitochondrial and chloroplast RNA metabolism which is essential for normal organellar function. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has ten PPR proteins. We have previously reported that loss of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 perturbs iron homeostasis leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and apoptotic cell death. In the present study, we show that loss of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 can cause non-sexual flocculation and filamentous growth of cells. Furthermore, expression of a number of genes encoding cell-surface flocculins and cell wall-remodeling enzymes are induced in these ppr-deletion mutants. We also show that Δppr10 cells, and, to a lesser extent, Δppr4 and Δppr6 cells, exhibited increased tolerance to H2O2 toxicity compared with the wild-type strain. Finally, we found overexpression of genes involved in iron uptake and/or iron homeostasis could cause the flocculation of wild-type cells. Our findings suggest that elevated level of intracellular iron in the mutant caused by loss of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 may result in flocculation and filamentous growth in S. pombe.“Strongly Recommended” Revisiting Decisional Privacy to Judge Hypernudging in Self-Tracking Technologies
Abstract
This paper explores and rehabilitates the value of decisional privacy as a conceptual tool, complementary to informational privacy, for critiquing personalized choice architectures employed by self-tracking technologies. Self-tracking technologies are promoted and used as a means to self-improvement. Based on large aggregates of personal data and the data of other users, self-tracking technologies offer personalized feedback that nudges the user into behavioral change. The real-time personalization of choice architectures requires continuous surveillance and is a very powerful technology, recently coined as "hypernudging." While users celebrate the increased personalization of their coaching devices, "hypernudging" technologies raise concerns about manipulation. This paper addresses that intuition by claiming that decisional privacy is at stake. It thus counters the trend to solely focus on informational privacy when evaluating information and communication technologies. It proposes that decisional privacy and informational privacy are often part of a mutually reinforcing dynamic. Hypernudging is used as a key example to illustrate that the two dimensions should not be treated separately. Hypernudging self-tracking technologies compromise autonomy because they violate informational and decisional privacy. In order to effectively judge whether technologies that use hypernudges empower users, we need both privacy dimensions as conceptual tools.
Decreased ZnO nanoparticle phytotoxicity to maize by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and organic phosphorus
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are applied in a wide variety of applications and frequently accumulate in the environment, thus posing risks to the environment and human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (AMF) associate symbiotically with roots of most higher plants, helping their host plants acquire phosphorus (P). AMF can reduce the toxicity of ZnO NPs, but the benefits of AMF to host plants highly vary with soil available P. We hypothesize that organic P may help AMF to alleviate ZnO NP phytotoxicity. Here, we investigated the effects of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae on plant growth and Zn accumulation, using maize grown in soil-sand mix substrates spiked with ZnO NPs (0 or 500 mg kg−1) under different organic P supply levels (0, 20, or 50 mg kg−1). The results showed addition of ZnO NPs inhibited root colonization rate, increased the shoot/root P concentration ratio, and led to significant Zn accumulation in soil and plants. As predicted, AM effects on maize plants all varied with P supply levels, both with or without ZnO NP additions. Organic P interacted synergistically with AMF to promote plant growth and acquisition of P, N, K, Fe, and Cu. AM inoculation reduced the bioavailable Zn released from ZnO NPs and decreased the concentrations and translocation of Zn to maize shoots. In conclusion, ZnO NPs caused excess Zn in soil and plants, posing potential environmental risks. However, our present results first demonstrate that organic P exhibited similar positive effects to AMF and interacted synergistically with AMF to improve plant growth and nutrition, and to decrease Zn accumulation and partitioning in plants, and thus helped diminish the adverse effects induced by ZnO NPs.
Septal Chondromucosal Grafts in Paralytic Lagophthalmos
Publication date: Available online 5 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Rouffet Alban, Florczak anne sophie, Vimont Thibault, Deranque clément, Boucher Sophie, Rousseau Pascal
ObjectiveThe risk of sight-threatening complications related to facial paralysis makes palpebral fissure management a priority. Surgery must take account of and adapt to the clinical signs of paralytic lagophthalmos. This therefore presupposes that a sufficient therapeutic arsenal is available. In this report, we propose a technique for palpebral lengthening (lower and/or upper), reconstructing the posterior lamella using a chondromucosal graft harvested from the nasal septum, combined with anterior lamellar repositioning.Patients and MethodA 5-year single center retrospective study was conducted, including sixteen patients for a total of nineteen septal chondromucosal grafts. The only inclusion criterion was paralytic lagophthalmos. Functional ophthalmic deficits were recorded (main outcome measure), first preoperatively, then postoperatively. Additionally, the degree of lagophthalmos was measured in order to infer palpebral fissure elongation gain. Surgical consequences and complications were recorded.ResultsA rapid regression in functional ophthalmic deficits was observed in 87% of patients, improving in stability over time (mean follow-up interval of 34 months). Mean palpebral fissure elongation gain was 3mm. 53% of patients suffered from complete occlusion of the palpebral fissure. Surgical consequences were uncomplicated. 38% of patients eventually underwent revision surgery.ConclusionPalpebral fissure lengthening using septal chondromucosal grafts serves as an alternative to existing treatment methods for paralytic lagophthalmos. Robust functional and cosmetic results, combined with very low morbidity, make this a simple and efficient technique whose indications may be extended.
Revealing Measles Outbreak Risk With a Nested IgG Serosurvey in Madagascar
Abstract
Madagascar reports few measles cases annually and high vaccination campaign coverage. However, the underlying age profile of immunity and risk of a measles outbreak is unknown. We conducted a nested serological survey, testing 1,005 serum collected between November 2013 and December 2015 via Madagascar's febrile rash surveillance system, for measles immunoglobulin G antibody titers. We directly estimated the age profile of immunity and compared these estimates to indirect estimates based on a birth cohort model of vaccination coverage and natural infection. Combining these estimates of the age profile of immunity in the population with an age-structured model of transmission, we further predicted the risk of a measles outbreak, and the impact of mitigation strategies designed around supplementary immunization activities. The direct and indirect estimates of age-specific seroprevalence show that current measles susceptibility is over 10%, and modeling suggests that Madagascar may be at risk of a major measles epidemic.Heavy metals and arsenic content in water along the southern Caspian coasts in Iran
Abstract
Due to the importance of pollution monitoring in marine ecosystems and lack of a coherent and systematic investigation of heavy metal ions along the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, in the present study, the amount of these metals and As ions in coastal waters along its 780-km-long coast in Iran have been studied. Heavy metals (cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, lead) and a poisonous metalloid (arsenic) were selected in 59 sampling stations and determined using differential pulse polarography method. The multivariate statistical tools were applied to describe and interpret the experimental data. The overall mean concentrations of studied metals (in microgram per liter; μg L−1) in the samples were found in the order Zn (10.9) > Ni (7.4) > Cu (5.5) > Pb (1.9) > Hg (1.4) > As (1.3) > Co (1.1) > Cd (0.2). The results when compared with reported international standards confirmed that the sampled waters do contain some of these elements above the suggested maximum permissible limits. Hg and Cu were detected in 54.2 and 72.9% of the samples, almost all above the permissible limits. Ni, Zn, Pb, and Co were detected in 100, 96.6, 93.2, and 88.1%, respectively, while 8.5, 22.0, 3.4, and 1.7% were above the permissible limits. Cd and As were present in 61 and 93% of the samples, and their concentrations were higher than the rate presented by Russian System of Management Chemicals (RSMC). In addition, spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations showed that Gorgan Bay is an ecosystem serving as a filter, trapping natural and anthropogenic materials that are brought from industrial, commercial, and urbanized areas. The multivariate data analysis reveals that Caspian Sea is contaminated by both anthropogenic as well as pedo-geochemical sources.
nab-Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin or Gemcitabine vs Gemcitabine Plus Carboplatin as First-Line Treatment for Patients With Triple-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: Results From the tnAcity Trial
Abstract
Background
Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has a poor prognosis and aggressive clinical course. tnAcity evaluated the efficacy and/safety of first-line nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin (nab-P/C), nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P/G), and gemcitabine plus carboplatin (G/C) in patients with mTNBC. Patients and methods
Patients with pathologically confirmed mTNBC and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic BC received (1:1:1) nab-P 125 mg/m2 plus C AUC 2, nab-P 125 mg/m2 plus G 1000 mg/m2, or G 1000 mg/m2 plus C AUC 2, all on days 1, 8 q3w. Phase II primary endpoint: investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), percentage of patients initiating cycle 6 with doublet therapy, and safety. Results
In total, 191 patients were enrolled (nab-P/C, n = 64; nab-P/G, n = 61; G/C, n = 66). PFS was significantly longer with nab-P/C vs nab-P/G (median, 8.3 vs 5.5 months; HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.38-0.92]; P = .02) or G/C (median, 8.3 vs 6.0 months; HR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.37-0.90]; P = .02). OS was numerically longer with nab-P/C vs nab-P/G (median, 16.8 vs 12.1 months; HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.47-1.13]; P = .16) or G/C (median, 16.8 vs 12.6 months; HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.52-1.22]; P = .29). ORR was 73%, 39%, and 44% respectively. In the nab-P/C, nab-P/G, and G/C groups, 64%, 56%, and 50% of patients initiated cycle 6 with a doublet. Grade ≥3 adverse events were mainly hematologic. Conclusions
First-line nab-P/C was active in mTNBC and resulted in a significantly longer PFS and improved risk/benefit profile vs nab-P/G or G/C.Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background
The role of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is highly controversial and it is not endorsed by current guidelines. Our meta-analysis aimed to better elucidate its activity, efficacy and safety. Material and methods
A systematic search of Medline, Web of Science and conferences proceedings up to 30 October 2017 was carried out to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating platinum-based versus platinum-free neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC patients. Using the fixed and random effects models, pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for pathological complete response (pCR, defined as ypT0/is pN0), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and grade 3 and 4 adverse events (AEs: neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia and neuropathy). Results
Nine RCTs (N = 2109) were included. Overall, platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased pCR rate from 37.0% to 52.1% (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.46–2.62, P < 0.001). Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy remained significantly associated with increased pCR rate also after restricting the analysis to the three RCTs (N = 611) that used the same standard regimen in both groups of weekly paclitaxel (with or without carboplatin) followed by anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.37–4.66, P = 0.003). Conversely, among the 96 BRCA-mutated patients included in two RCTs, the addition of carboplatin was not associated with significantly increased pCR rate (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.51–2.67, P = 0.711). Two RCTs (N = 748) reported survival outcomes: no significant difference in EFS (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.49–1.06, P = 0.094) and OS (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.46–1.63, P = 0.651) was observed.A significant higher risk of grade 3 and 4 hematological AEs, with no increased risk of grade 3 and 4 neuropathy was observed with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion
In TNBC patients, platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with significantly increased pCR rates at the cost of worse hematological toxicities. Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be considered an option in TNBC patients. PROSPERO registration number
CRD42018080042.Reliability of computer-assisted periacetabular osteotomy using a minimally invasive approach
Abstract
Background
Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is the treatment of choice for younger patients with developmental hip dysplasia. The procedure aims to normalize the joint configuration, reduce the peak-pressure, and delay the development of osteoarthritis. The procedure is technically demanding and no previous study has validated the use of computer navigation with a minimally invasive transsartorial approach.
Methods
Computer-assisted PAO was performed on ten patients. Patients underwent pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scanning with a standardized protocol. Preoperative preparation consisted of outlining the lunate surface and segmenting the pelvis and femur from CT data. The Biomechanical Guidance System was used intra-operatively to automatically calculate diagnostic angles and peak-pressure measurements. Manual diagnostic angle measurements were performed based on pre- and postoperative CT. Differences in angle measurements were investigated with summary statistics, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman plots. The percentage postoperative change in peak-pressure was calculated.
Results
Intra-operative reported angle measurements show a good agreement with manual angle measurements with intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.94 and 0.98. Computer navigation reported angle measurements were significantly higher for the posterior sector angle ( \(1.65^{\circ }\) , \(p=0.001\) ) and the acetabular anteversion angle ( \(1.24^{\circ }\) , \(p=0.004\) ). No significant difference was found for the center-edge ( \(p=0.056\) ), acetabular index ( \(p=0.212\) ), and anterior sector angle ( \(p=0.452\) ). Peak-pressure after PAO decreased by a mean of 13% and was significantly different ( \(p=0.008\) ).
Conclusions
We found that computer navigation can reliably be used with a minimally invasive transsartorial approach PAO. Angle measurements generally agree with manual measurements and peak-pressure was shown to decrease postoperatively. With further development, the system will become a valuable tool in the operating room for both experienced and less experienced surgeons performing PAO. Further studies with a larger cohort and follow-up will allow us to investigate the association with peak-pressure and postoperative outcome and pave the way to clinical introduction.
Τρίτη 5 Ιουνίου 2018
The trials of neuro-oncology clinical research
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most challenging and intractable of cancers. Despite being the initial focus of the national effort to identify the molecular driver(s) of solid tumors, these data failed to lead to the anticipated subgroup identification that would guide future clinical trials and therapeutics. Thus, the rationale and design of clinical trials for GBM have not changed that much in more than 50 years. If one examines the initial Brain Tumor Study Group trial (#69-01), which demonstrated the effectiveness of radiotherapy, one can see a sample size (303 patients) and endpoint (overall survival) that look frighteningly similar to modern studies of patients with newly diagnosed GBM.1 In this issue of Neuro-Oncology, Vanderbeek et al examine our current clinical trial processes and how they are failing to advance only convincingly promising agents forward to phase III studies.2 They do not suggest that the failure to identify better therapeutics rests solely with our flawed clinical trial system, and they state at the outset that only further scientific research will open new therapeutic avenues likely to be most helpful. However, they do highlight the wastefulness of our current clinical trial efforts—of time, effort, and patients—that ultimately fail to advance our mission toward improved outcomes.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria in the environment of Hranice Abyss, the world’s deepest flooded cave (Hranice karst, Czech Republic)
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely distributed in the environment. On one hand, they are opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals, and on the other hand, they are effective in biodegradation of some persistent pollutants. Following the recently recorded large abundance of NTM in extreme geothermal environments, the aim of the study was to ascertain the occurrence of NTM in the extreme environment of the water zone of the Hranice Abyss (HA). The HA mineral water is acidic, with large concentrations of free CO2, and bacterial slimes creating characteristic mucilaginous formations. Both culture and molecular methods were used to compare the mycobacterial diversity across the linked but distinct ecosystems of HA and the adjacent Zbrašov Aragonite Caves (ZAC) with consideration of their pathogenic relevance. Six slowly growing NTM species (M. arupense, M. avium, M. florentinum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare) and two rapidly growing NTM species (M. mucogenicum, M. sediminis) were identified in the water and in the dry zones at both sites. Proteobacteria were dominant in all the samples from both the HA and the ZAC. The bacterial microbiomes of the HA mineral water and HA slime were similar, but both differed from the microbiome in the ZAC mineral water. Actinobacteria, a phylum containing mycobacteria, was identified in all the samples at low proportional abundance. The majority of the detected NTM species belong among environmental opportunistic pathogens.
ABCA12 mutations in patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: evidence of a founder effect in the Spanish population and phenotype-genotype implications
Mutations in ABCA12 can cause various autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) phenotypes: harlequin ichthyosis (HI), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE), and lamellar ichthyosis (LI). The severity of mutations affecting this gene correlateswith the clinical phenotype developed by the patient. Generally, truncating mutations affecting both alleles or deletions in highly conserved areas of the protein cause HI phenotypes. By contrast, missense mutations that impact protein function less severely result in LI or CIE.
Pain, psychiatric comorbidities, and psychosocial stressors associated with Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome affects general and mental health, physical function, and quality of life. Pain, complications, and capillary malformation of the hands are associated with a higher risk of psychiatric illness. Patients with Klippel-Trenuanay syndrome should be screened for potential psychosocial sequelae..
Relationship between concentration of rare earth elements in soil and their distribution in plants growing near a frequented road
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of elements whose concentration in numerous environmental matrices continues to increase; therefore, the use of biological methods for their removal from soil would seem to be a safe and reasonable approach. The aim of this study was to estimate the phytoextraction efficiency and distribution of light and heavy (LREEs and HREEs) rare earth elements by three herbaceous plant species: Artemisia vulgaris L., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. and Trifolium repens L., growing at a distance of 1, 10, and 25 m from the edge of a frequented road in Poland. The concentration of REEs in soil and plants was highly correlated (r > 0.9300), which indicates the high potential of the studied plant species to phytoextraction of these elements. The largest proportion of REEs was from the group of LREEs, whereas HREEs comprised only an inconsiderable portion of the REEs group. The dominant elements in the group of LREEs were Nd and Ce, while Er was dominant in the HREEs group. Differences in the amounts of these elements influenced the total concentration of LREEs, HREEs, and finally REEs and their quantities which decreased with distance from the road. According to the Friedman rank sum test, significant differences in REEs concentration, mainly between A. vulgaris L., and T. repens L. were observed for plants growing at all three distances from the road. The same relation between A. vulgaris L. and T. officinale was observed. The efficiency of LREEs and REEs phytoextraction in the whole biomass of plants growing at all distances from the road was A. vulgaris L. > T. officinale L. > T. repens L. For HREEs, the same relationship was recorded only for plants growing at the distance 1 m from the road. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values for LREEs and HREEs were respectively higher and lower than 1 for all studied plant species regardless of the distance from the road. The studied herbaceous plant species were able to effectively phytoextract LREEs only (BCF > 1); therefore, these plants, which are commonly present near roads, could be a useful tool for removing this group of REEs from contaminated soil.
Effect of salinity stress on phenotypic plasticity, yield stability, and signature of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in safflower
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major factors contributing in land degradation, disturbance of soil biology, a structure that leads to unproductive land with low crop yield potential especially in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Appropriate crops with sufficient stress tolerance capacity and non-conventional water resources should have to be managed in a sustainable way to bring these marginal lands under cultivation for future food security. The goal of the present study was to evaluate salinity tolerant potential (0, 7, and 14 dS m−1) of six safflower genotypes that can be adapted to the hyper arid climate of UAE and its marginal soil. Several agro-morphological and physiological traits such as plant dry biomass (PDM), number of branches (BN), number of capitula (CN), seed yield (SY), stable isotope composition of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C), intercellular CO2 concentration from inside to ambient air (Ci/Ca), intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), carbon (C%) and nitrogen (N %), and harvest index (HI) were evaluated as indicative of the functional performance of safflower genotypes under salt stress. Results indicated that salinity significantly affected the seed yield at all levels and varied significantly among genotypes. The BN, PDM, CN, and δ13C attributes showed clear differentiation between tolerant and susceptible genotypes. The δ13C results indicate that the tolerant genotypes suffer less from stress, may be due to better rooting. Tolerant genotypes showed lower iWUE values but possess higher yield. Safflower genotypes (PI248836 and PI167390) proved to be salt tolerant, stable, and higher seed and biomass yielder. There was no G × E interaction but the genotypes that produce higher yield under control were still best even under salt stress conditions. Although salinity reduced crop yield, some tolerant genotypes demonstrate adaptation and good yield potential under saline marginal environment.
Septal Chondromucosal Grafts in Paralytic Lagophthalmos
The risk of sight-threatening complications related to facial paralysis makes palpebral fissure management a priority. Surgery must take account of and adapt to the clinical signs of paralytic lagophthalmos. This therefore presupposes that a sufficient therapeutic arsenal is available. In this report, we propose a technique for palpebral lengthening (lower and/or upper), reconstructing the posterior lamella using a chondromucosal graft harvested from the nasal septum, combined with anterior lamellar repositioning.
The Narrow-Lumen Jones Tube: A Novel Approach to Dry Eye Following Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy
Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with placement of a Jones tube (JT) is the gold standard for upper lacrimal system dysfunction. However, traditional JT have been associated with various complications. In their practice, the authors have encountered challenges with postoperative dry eye in a select group of patients, with recurrence of epiphora following tube occlusion, suggesting a need for decreasing the rate of tear drainage while maintaining a patent JT. To address this issue, the senior author (J.D.N.) introduced a modified JT with a narrow lumen (reduced-flow JT) for patients who experience significant dry eye symptoms after placement of a JT. The authors describe 3 patients who experienced improvement in dry eye symptoms after the placement of reduced-flow JT. Accepted for publication March 28, 2018. Previously presented at American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2017 Fall Meeting. Supported by NIH P30 EY010572 and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness. John Ng is a consultant and shareholder for Bio-Logic Aqua Research, Inc. All other authors have nothing to disclose. Address correspondence and reprint requests to John D. Ng, M.D., M.S., F.A.C.S., Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239. E-mail: ngj@ohsu.edu © 2018 by The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc., All rights reserved.
Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Intense Pulsed Light Injury
The authors report a 26-year-old medical device saleswoman developing choroidal neovascularization after injury by intense pulsed light with detection and monitoring by optical coherence tomography angiography and treatment with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. This is the first intense pulsed light–related choroidal neovascularization case, which reminds the importance of using appropriate eye protection throughout the course of treatment for all individuals present in the therapy room. Accepted for publication April 4, 2018. Consent was obtained from the patient to publish clinical photos. The authors have no financial or conflicts of interest to disclose. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Shwu-Jiuan Sheu, M.D., Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Road, Zuoying District, 813 Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. E-mail: sjsheu@vghks.gov.tw © 2018 by The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc., All rights reserved.
Anatomic Considerations in Thyroid Eye Disease
Purpose: To review and summarize the clinical findings in thyroid eye disease (TED) related to the unique anatomical structures of the eyelids and orbit. Methods: A PubMed search was performed searching for anatomical relationships between eyelid and orbital anatomy and the clinical findings of TED. Results: The major clinical findings associated with TED are varied. They typically involve both the eyelid and the orbit. In the eyelid, usual findings include upper eyelid retraction, contour abnormalities, eyelid edema, prolapsed orbital fat, conjunctival injection and chemosis, caruncular edema, and meibomian gland dysfunction. The exact causes of these changes remain a matter of controversy, but numerous hypotheses have been proposed, most with limited experimental support. In the orbit, inflammation and congestion characterize the acute active phase, with tissue expansion and fibrosis persisting into the chronic inactive phase. All of these findings result, at least in part, from the unique anatomy of the eyelids and orbit and their interaction with the immunologic processes underlying TED. Here we review these major characteristics of TED, with special reference to their anatomic relationships. Conclusions: The major findings characterizing TED are related to unique anatomic features in the eyelid, including Müller muscle, the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, and suspensory ligaments of the conjunctiva. In the orbit, Graves-related remolding results from the special physiologic features of the extraocular muscles, the structure of the orbital walls and their relations to adjacent paranasal sinuses, and the reaction of orbital fat to immunologic challenges. Accepted for publication March 5, 2018. The author has no financial or conflicts of interest to disclose. Diane Rothrock served as guest editor for this submission. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Jonathan J. Dutton, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27707. E-mail: Jonathan_dutton@med.unc.edu © 2018 by The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc., All rights reserved.
Evaluation of the UV/H 2 O 2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels
Abstract
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene (AN) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in water has become a problem of great concern due to the detrimental health effects caused to humans and living beings. In this work, the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 system for degrading the target compounds at ultra-trace levels in surface water has been evaluated. For this purpose, a previous optimization step using a face-centered central composite experimental design has been conducted, considering the effect of the UV-C irradiance and the initial concentration of H2O2. It was evidenced that under optimal operating conditions (11 mg L−1 H2O2 and 0.63 mW cm−2 irradiance), AN and BaP removal percentages were higher than 99.8%. Additionally, 69.3% of the organic matter, in terms of total organic carbon, was mineralized without the production of transformation by-products more harmful than the parent compounds. These findings demonstrate the oxidation capacity of the examined system in a natural matrix for degrading micropollutants that cannot be converted through conventional treatment processes. Consequently, new horizons are opened for the effective use of the UV/H2O2 system for drinking water production, providing the accomplishment of other regulated parameters related to water quality.
Pesticides in indoor and outdoor residential dust: a pilot study in a rural county of Taiwan
Abstract
We conducted a pilot study to examine pesticides in dust of homes in a rural county of Taiwan. A total of 56 homes of pregnant women were included in the study. Indoor and outdoor dust was collected by a vacuum sampler and a dustpan/brush set, respectively. Nine pesticides were selected for analysis on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the detection limits being 0.088 ng/g or lower. The most detected pesticides were cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos, which appeared in 82.7 and 78.8% of indoor samples and 48.2 and 39.3% of outdoor samples, respectively. The detection of pesticides from indoor and outdoor dust, however, was not consistent, indicating different sources of pesticides. In addition to those two most detected, permethrin, prallethrin, and tetramethrin, which were common ingredients of insecticide products for indoor use, were also frequently found in indoor dust, suggesting that indoor use of such pesticide products may have been a major source. Fewer pesticides were found in outdoor dust, but the outdoor detection of chlorpyrifos was significantly associated with farms present inside the circles with radii of 50 and 100 m surrounding the homes (P = 0.021, 0.016). It is suggested that pesticide drift from agricultural areas to residential environments may have occurred. No seasonal effect on distribution of pesticides in dust was found, indicating that pesticides could be routinely used in Taiwan regardless of season. Compared with other international studies, this study shows relatively high levels of chlorpyrifos but low levels of pyrethroids (i.e., cypermethrin), reflecting a different pattern of pesticide use in Taiwan. Further studies need to be warranted for a better understanding of exposure to pesticides and the associated health effects.
Selecting an appropriate method to remove cyanide from the wastewater of Moteh gold mine using a mathematical approach
Abstract
The presence of cyanide ions in wastewater is dangerous to the health and life of living creatures, especially humans. Cyanide concentration should not exceed the acceptable limit in wastewaters to avoid their adverse effects to the environment. In this paper, in order to select the most appropriate method to remove cyanide from the wastewater of the Moteh gold mine, based on the experts' opinions, the use of calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide was chosen as forerunning alternative in the form of a multi-stage model. Then, seven criteria including the amount of material consumed, ease of implementation, safety, ability to remove cyanide, pH, time, and cost of the process to assess the considered methods were determined. Afterwards, seven experts conducted numerous experiments to examine the conditions of each of these criteria. Then, by employing a mathematical method called "numerical taxonomy," the use of sodium hypochlorite was suggested as the best method to remove cyanide from the wastewater of the Moteh gold mine. Finally, the TOPSIS model was used to validate the proposed model, which led to the same results of the suggested method. Also, the results of employing taxonomic analysis and TOPSIS method suggested the use of sodium hypochlorite as the best method for cyanide removal from wastewater. In addition, according to the analysis of various experiments, conditions for complete removal of cyanide using sodium hypochlorite included concentration (8.64 g/L), pH (12.3), and temperature (12 °C).
Consistently Very Poorly Controlled Asthma is Associated with Greater Activity and School Impairment in Children with Severe or Difficult-to-Treat Asthma
Publication date: Available online 5 June 2018
Source:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Leonard B. Bacharier, Ronina A. Covar, Tmirah Haselkorn, Ahmar Iqbal, Cynthia Alvarez, David R. Mink, Hubert Chen, Robert S. Zeiger
A Retrospective Critical Analysis and Risk Stratification of Penicillin Allergy De-labelling in a UK Specialist Regional Allergy Service
Publication date: Available online 5 June 2018
Source:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Omar E. Mohamed, Sarah Beck, Aarnoud Huissoon, Cathryn Melchior, Jane Heslegrave, Richard Baretto, Anjali Ekbote, Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna
BackgroundA spurious label of penicillin allergy (Pen-A) negatively impacts on antibiotic stewardship and healthcare costs. Recent studies have proposed a guideline-steered direct penicillin challenge without undertaking allergy tests when 'true allergy' is unlikely.ObjectiveCritically analyse Pen-A clinical presentation, perform risk stratification and determine clinical predictors for 'true allergy'.MethodRetrospective data extraction from clinical and electronic patient records.Results231 patients (M= 82; F=149; mean age 51.22 (SD ± 18.07 years) were analysed. Based on clinical history, patients were categorised as likely type I hypersensitivity [HSR] (n=27), likely type IV HSR (n=65), indeterminate (n=111) and HSR unlikely (n=28). Based on index reaction and co-morbidities, patients were classified into 'low risk' (n=143) and 'high risk' (n=78). Pen-A was excluded in 74% of patients assessed having likely type I HSR, 91% with likely type IV HSR, 93% of indeterminate and 100% of HSR unlikely patients. Negative predictive value for successful de-labelling in the 'low risk' group was 94% (odds ratio [OR] - 2.9; p= 0.02). Predictors for 'true Pen-A' were history of anaphylaxis (OR - 30.6; p < 0.001), hospitalization (OR - 7; p<0.001), ≤5 years since index reaction (OR - 3; p= 0.04).ConclusionSystematic clinical characterisation and risk stratification has an important role in Pen-A de-labelling. These data provide proof of concept for a guideline-based selection of patients labelled with Pen-A for a direct penicillin challenge. Patients in the 'low risk' group seem suitable for this intervention, although a rigorous prospective evaluation is needed in a multi-centre study.
Ara h 2 is detectable on surfaces of commercial airplanes
Publication date: Available online 5 June 2018
Source:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Jay J. Jin, Joshua M. Dorn, John Yunginger, Nancy L. Ott
Peanuts are frequently served on commercial airplanes and have been the source of numerous self-reported allergic reactions. Small amounts of Ara h 2 were consistently detected on surfaces of commercial airplanes but not in air samples. Avoidance recommendations, such as wiping surfaces, will reduce inadvertent contact exposure to peanut in peanut allergic travelers.
Contribution of particulate matter in storm runoff to organic phosphorus loads in urban rivers
Abstract
To help us control pollution caused by urban runoff, we need to understand how particulate matter in storm runoff contributes to the total pollutant load. In this study, we collected samples from ten sites along on the banks of an urban river during five rainfall events. We determined the grain size and phosphorus (P) forms in the particulate matter to assess how much P there was in storm runoff. The results showed that the particles were mostly medium-sized, and particles with a diameter of less than 850 μm but greater than 150 μm accounted for 50% of the total particulate matter. The average particulate P concentration, at 298.7 mg/kg, was high and was mostly organic P (Po), which had an average concentration of 134.64 mg/kg. The concentrations of the different P forms varied with particle size. The main fraction in the large-sized grains was acid-extractable inorganic P (Pi), while Po and alkalinity-extractable Pi dominated in medium- and small-sized particles. Overall, our results illustrate that, by enhancing the control of particulate matter in storm runoff, P, and in particular Po, inputs to urban rivers can be reduced.
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains and evidence for the involvement of non-classical enterotoxin genes in food poisoning outbreaks
Abstract
To an increasing extent, molecular and genetic characterization is now used to investigate foodborne outbreaks. The aim of this study was to seek molecular links among coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) isolated from three recent food poisoning outbreaks in Romania using polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) techniques. Nineteen CPS isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus by detection of the 23S rDNA gene. Among them, 15 carried at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding gene (se). The Calarași outbreak strains grouped in pulsotype 2 and were sed/sej/ser-positive, whereas the Arad outbreak strains clustered in pulsotype 17 and were either sed/seg/sei/sej/ser- or seg/sei-positive. The Pitești outbreak strains clustered in pulsotype 1 and, surprisingly, possessed only one enterotoxin gene, i.e. seh. Similar to other European countries, the seh gene has been identified with increasing frequency in Romanian outbreaks; this highlights the importance of considering the application of methods recommended for staphylococcal enterotoxin regulation in Europe.Si quieres ir rápido ve solo, si quieres llegar lejos ve acompañado
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, Volume 109, Issue 5
Author(s): Yolanda Gilaberte
Objetivo DIADERM: el diagnóstico en la consulta externa de dermatología
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, Volume 109, Issue 5
Author(s): R.M. Díaz Díaz
Conversion of Eragrostis plana Nees leaves to activated carbon by microwave-assisted pyrolysis for the removal of organic emerging contaminants from aqueous solutions
Abstract
Eragrostis plana Nees leaves, abundant lignocellulosic biomass, was used as carbon source for preparation of activated carbon, by using microwave-assisted pyrolysis and chemical activation. The novel activated carbon (MWEPN) was characterised by FTIR, CHN elemental analysis, Boehm's titration method, TGA, SEM, N2 adsorption/desorption curves and pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc). Afterwards, the adsorbent was successfully employed for adsorption of the two emerging contaminants (caffeine and 2-nitrophenol). The results indicated that MWEPN had a predominantly mesoporous structure with a high surface area of 1250 m2 g−1. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of carbonyl, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups on the surface of MWEPN. The Boehm analysis showed the existence of the high amount of acid moieties on the surface of activated carbon. Adsorption kinetic indicated that the system followed the Avrami fractional order at the optimal pH of 7. The equilibrium time was attained at 30 min. The Liu isotherm model better described the isothermal data. Based on the Liu isotherm, the maximum sorption capacities (Qmax) of caffeine and 2-nitrophenol adsorbed onto activated carbon at 25 °C were 235.5 and 255.8 mg g−1, respectively.
Evaluation of Fe-containing Li 2 CuO 2 on CO 2 capture performed at different physicochemical conditions
Abstract
Li2CuO2 and different iron-containing Li2CuO2 samples were synthesized by solid state reaction. On iron-containing samples, atomic sites of copper are substituted by iron ions in the lattice (XRD and Rietveld analyses). Iron addition induces copper release from Li2CuO2, which produce cationic vacancies and CuO, due to copper (Cu2+) and iron (Fe3+) valence differences. Two different physicochemical conditions were used for analyzing CO2 capture on these samples; (i) high temperature and (ii) low temperature in presence of water vapor. At high temperatures, iron addition increased CO2 chemisorption, due to structural and chemical variations on Li2CuO2. Kinetic analysis performed by first order reaction and Eyring models evidenced that iron addition on Li2CuO2 induced a faster CO2 chemisorption but a higher thermal dependence. Conversely, CO2 chemisorption at low temperature in water vapor presence practically did not vary by iron addition, although hydration and hydroxylation processes were enhanced. Moreover, under these physicochemical conditions the whole sorption process became slower on iron-containing samples, due to metal oxides presence.
Water shortage risk assessment considering large-scale regional transfers: a copula-based uncertainty case study in Lunan, China
Abstract
The risk of water shortage caused by uncertainties, such as frequent drought, varied precipitation, multiple water resources, and different water demands, brings new challenges to the water transfer projects. Uncertainties exist for transferring water and local surface water; therefore, the relationship between them should be thoroughly studied to prevent water shortage. For more effective water management, an uncertainty-based water shortage risk assessment model (UWSRAM) is developed to study the combined effect of multiple water resources and analyze the shortage degree under uncertainty. The UWSRAM combines copula-based Monte Carlo stochastic simulation and the chance-constrained programming-stochastic multiobjective optimization model, using the Lunan water-receiving area in China as an example. Statistical copula functions are employed to estimate the joint probability of available transferring water and local surface water and sampling from the multivariate probability distribution, which are used as inputs for the optimization model. The approach reveals the distribution of water shortage and is able to emphasize the importance of improving and updating transferring water and local surface water management, and examine their combined influence on water shortage risk assessment. The possible available water and shortages can be calculated applying the UWSRAM, also with the corresponding allocation measures under different water availability levels and violating probabilities. The UWSRAM is valuable for mastering the overall multi-water resource and water shortage degree, adapting to the uncertainty surrounding water resources, establishing effective water resource planning policies for managers and achieving sustainable development.
Probe versus microscope: a comparison of different methods for image-to-patient registration
Abstract
Purpose
Computer-aided navigation is widely used in ENT surgery. The position of a surgical instrument is shown in the CT/MR images of the patient and can thus be a good support for the surgeon. The accuracy is highly dependent on the registration done prior to surgery. A microscope and a probe can both be used for registration and navigation, depending on the surgical intervention. A navigation system typically only reports the fiducial registration error after paired-point registration. However, the target registration error (TRE)—a measurement for the accuracy in the surgical area—is much more relevant. The aim of this work was to compare the performance of a microscope relative to a conventional probe-based approach with different registration methods.
Methods
In this study, optical tracking was used to register a plastic skull to its preoperative CT images with paired-point registration. Anatomical landmarks and skin-affixed markers were used as fiducials and targets. With both microscope and probe, four different registration methods were evaluated based on their TREs at 10 targets. For half of the experiments, a surface registration and/or external fiducials were used additionally to paired-point registration to study their influence to accuracy.
Results
Overall, probe registration leads to a smaller TRE ( \(1.69 \pm 0.74\,\hbox {mm}\) ) than registration with a microscope ( \(2.19 \pm 0.94\,\hbox {mm}\) ). Additional surface registration does not result in better accuracy of navigation for microscope and probe. The lowest mean TRE for both pointers can be achieved with paired-point registration only and radiolucent markers.
Conclusion
Our experiments showed that a probe used for registration and navigation achieves lower TREs compared using a microscope. Neither additional surface registration nor additional fiducials on an external reference element are necessary for improved accuracy of navigated ENT surgery on a plastic skull.
Ultrasound-based liver tracking utilizing a hybrid template/optical flow approach
Abstract
Purpose
With the ongoing shift toward reduced invasiveness in many surgical procedures, methods for tracking moving targets within the body become vital. Non-invasive treatment methods such as stereotactic radiation therapy and high intensity focused ultrasound, in particular, rely on the accurate localization of targets throughout treatment to ensure optimal treatment provision. This work aims at developing a robust, accurate and fast method for target tracking based on ultrasound images.
Methods
A method for tracking of targets in real-time ultrasound image data was developed, based on the combination of template matching, dense optical flow and image intensity information. A weighting map is generated from each of these approaches which are then normalized, weighted and combined, with the weighted mean position then calculated to predict the current position. The approach was evaluated on the Challenge for Liver Ultrasound Tracking 2015 dataset, consisting of a total of 24 training and 39 test datasets with a total of 53 and 85 annotated targets throughout the liver, respectively.
Results
The proposed method was implemented in MATLAB and achieved an accuracy of \(0.80\pm 0.80\) (95%: 1.91) mm and \(0.74\pm 1.03\) (95%: 1.85) mm on the training and test data, respectively. Tracking frequencies of between 8 and 36 fps (mean of 22 fps) were observed, largely dependent on the size of the region of interest. The achieved results represent an improvement in mean accuracy of approximately 0.3 mm over the reported methods in existing literature.
Conclusions
This work describes an accurate and robust method for the tracking of points of interest within 2D ultrasound data, based on a combination of multi-template matching, dense optical flow and relative image intensity information.
Δευτέρα 4 Ιουνίου 2018
Efficiency of Tinospora crispa against Culex quinquefasciatus larva
Abstract
Tinospora crispa stem aqueous extractions for various time durations were determined regarding their total phenolic content and their larvicidal abilities. The results revealed that the total phenolic content in 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, and 24-h extracts were 8.26, 8.43, 13.57, 12.52, and 12.43 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, respectively. The 5-h extract of T. crispa was evaluated against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larva in concentrations 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/l, by determining the lethal concentration (LC) within 24 h and by histopathological analysis. The 24-h LC50 and LC90 values were 16.95 and 30.12 mg/l, respectively. The histopathological lesions after exposure to 50% of the 24-h LC50 were observed primarily in the midgut of the larva. The lesions observed were for the example epithelial cells lifting from the basement membrane, cell elongation protruding into the lumen, brush border disrupting with absent microvilli, and vesicle appearance. The present study indicated that the aqueous extract of this herb may have a suitable property for a larvicidal natural product and may replace harmful chemical pesticides.
Spotlight on… Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Biographical Summary
My first education was in biochemical pathogenesis of disease at the University of Bologna, Italy, University College, London and Max Planck institute, Heidelberg. I entered Virology in 1972 in the University of Bologna, where I still work. I am the head of the molecular virology laboratory in the Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna. The focus of my research is on the molecular mechanisms of herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry into the cell, and on how to modify the HSV tropism in order to generate highly cancer-specific, highly safe, yet fully virulent oncolytic herpesviruses. Academically, I fostered the integration of the Italian Virology in the European Virology.
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A Case of Diprosopus Tetraophthalmos: Ocular Findings and Surgical Treatment of Exposure KeratopathyDiprosopus is a rare variation of conjoined twinning. In this report, ophthalmic findings in an infant with diprosopus tetraophthalmos are p...
