Abstract
Background
Therapeutic modulation of bacterial-induced inflammatory host response is being investigated in gingival inflammation and periodontal disease pathology. Therefore, dietary intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) oleic acid (OA (C18:1)), main-component of Mediterranean-style diets, and Western-style diet component saturated FA palmitic acid (PA (C16:0)) were investigated for their modifying potential in a P.gingivalis-oral-inoculation-model.
Methods
Normal-weight C57BL/6-mice received OA-or PA-enriched diets (PA-ED, OA-ED, PA/OA-ED) or normal-standard-diet for 16 weeks and were inoculated with P.gingivalis/placebo (n=12/group). Gingival inflammation, alveolar bone structure, circulating lipid mediators and in vitro cellular response were determined.
Results
FA-treatment of P.gingivalis-LPS-incubated gingival fibroblasts (GFb) modified inflammatory activation, which only PA exacerbated with concomitant TNF-α-stimulation. Mice exhibited no signs of acute inflammation in gingiva or serum and no inoculation-and nutrition-associated changes of crestal alveolar bone. However, following P.gingivalis-inoculation, OA-ED improved oral trabecular bone-micro-architecture and enhanced circulating pro-resolving mediators Resolvin D4 (RvD4) and 4-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-HDHA), whereas PA-ED did not. In vitro-experiments demonstrated significantly improved differentiation in RvD4-and 4-HDHA-treated primary osteoblast-cultures and reduced expression of osteoclastogenic factors in GF. Further, P.gingivalis-infection of OA-ED animals led to a serum composition that suppressed osteoclastic differentiation in vitro.
Conclusions
Results underline preventive impact of Mediterranean-style-OA-EDs by indicating their pro-resolving nature beyond anti-inflammatory properties.
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