Abstract
Stem cell-mediated therapies in combination with biomaterial and growth factor-based approaches in regenerative medicine are rapidly evolving with increasing application beyond the dermatologic field. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the more frequently used adult stem cells due to their abundance and easy access. In the case of volumetric defects, adipose tissue can take the shape of defects, restoring the volume and enhancing the regeneration of receiving tissue. When regenerative purposes prevail on volume restoration, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) rich in staminal cells, purified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or their cell-free derivatives grafting are favored. The therapeutic efficacy of acellular approaches is explained by the fact that a significant part of the natural propensity of stem cells to repair damaged tissue is ascribable to their secretory activity that combines mitogenic factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components. Therefore, the secretome's ability to modulate multiple targets simultaneously demonstrated preclinical and clinical efficacy in reversing pathological mechanisms of complex conditions such atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, psoriasis, acne, and Lichen Sclerosus (LS), non-resolving wounds, and alopecia.
This review analyzing both in vivo and in vitro models gives an overview of the clinical relevance of adipose tissue-derivatives like autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, purified stem cells, and secretome for skin disorders application. Finally, we highlighted the major disease-specific limitations and the future perspective in this field.
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