Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the antimicrobial resistant potential of these species. Efflux pumps can lead to reduced susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics and are present in large number across Acinetobacter spp. There are six families of efflux pumps that have been shown to be of clinical relevance: the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS), Small Multidrug Resistance (SMR) family, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family, Multidrug and Toxi c Compound Extrusion (MATE) family, Proteobacterial Antimicrobial Compound Efflux (PACE) family and Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) family. A lot of work has been done on understanding and characterizing the roles that these efflux pumps play in relation to antimicrobial resistance and the physiology of these bacteria. RND efflux pumps, with their expansive substrate profiles, are a major component of Acinetobacter spp. antimicrobial resistance. New discoveries over the last decade have shed a lot of light on to the complex regulation of these efflux pumps leading to greater understanding and potential of slowing the reduced susceptibility seen by these bacterial species.
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