Muscularization of the Mesenchymal Outlet Septum during Cardiac Development

Alexandros G.Sfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader JCDD, Vol. 7, Pages 51: Muscularization of the Mesenchymal Outlet Septum during Cardiac Development Μέσω Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease JCDD, Vol. 7, Pages 51: Muscularization of the Mesenchymal Outlet Septum during Cardiac Development Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease doi: 10.3390/jcdd7040051 Authors: Maurice J. B. van den Hoff Andy Wessels After the formation of the linear heart tube, it becomes divided into right and left components by the process of septation. Relatively late during this process, within the developing outflow tract, the initially mesenchymal outlet septum becomes muscularized as the result of myocardialization. Myocardialization is defined as the process in which existing cardiomyocytes migrate into flanking mesenchyme. Studies using genetically modified mice, as well as experimental approaches using in vitro models, demonstrate that Wnt and TGFβ signaling play an essential role in the regulation of myocardialization. They also show the significance of the interaction between cardiomyocytes, endocardial derived cells, neural crest cells, and the extracellular matrix. Interestingly, Wnt-mediated non-canonical planar cell polarity signaling was found to be a crucial regulator of myocardialization in the outlet septum and Wnt-mediated canonical β-catenin signaling is an essential r egulator of the expansion of mesenchymal cells populating the outflow tract cushions. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.