Purpose Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and is associated with impaired postprandial metabolism. Acute exercise reduces postprandial lipemia and improves other CHD risk markers in non-smokers. Less is known about responses in cigarette smokers. Methods Twelve male cigarette smokers (mean(SD) age 23(4) years, BMI 24.9(3.0) kg/m2) and 12 male non-smokers (24(4) years, 24.1(2.0) kg/m2) completed two, 2-day conditions (control, exercise) in a randomised, crossover design. On day 1, participants rested for 9-hours (08:00-17:00) in both conditions except a 60-minute treadmill run (65(7)% peak oxygen uptake, 2.87(0.54) MJ) was completed between 6.5-7.5 h (14:30-15:30) in the exercise condition. On day 2 of both conditions, participants rested and consumed two high-fat meals over 8-hours (09:00-17:00) during which 13 venous blood samples and nine resting arterial blood pressure measurements were taken. Results Smokers exhibited higher postprandial triacylglycerol and C-reactive protein than non-smokers (main effect group effect size (Cohen's d)≥0.94, P≤0.034). Previous day running reduced postprandial triacylglycerol, insulin and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (main effect condition d≥0.28, P≤0.044), and elevated postprandial non-esterified fatty acid and C-reactive protein (main effect condition d≥0.41, P≤0.044). Group-by-condition interactions were not apparent for any outcome across the total postprandial period (0-8 h; all P≥0.089), but the exercise-induced reduction in postprandial triacylglycerol in the early postprandial period (0-4 h) was greater in non-smokers than smokers (-21% (d=0.43) vs -5% (d=0.16), respectively; group-by-condition interaction P=0.061). Conclusions Acute moderate-intensity running reduced postprandial triacylglycerol, insulin and resting arterial blood pressure the day after exercise in male cigarette smokers and non-smokers. These findings highlight the ability of acute exercise to augment the postprandial metabolic health of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Accepted for Publication: 16 October 2020 Correspondence: Professor David Stensel, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom. Phone: +44(0)1509 226344, Email: D.J.Stensel@lboro.ac.uk. This research was supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation and do not constitute endorsement by the American College of Sport Medicine. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. © 2020 American College of Sports Medicine
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