Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

Development of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride loaded in-situ gel for the treatment of periodontitis: In-vitro drug release study and antibacterial activity Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Ganesh P. Swain, Shivani Patel, Jaimini Gandhi, Pranav Shah Abstract Periodontitis is one of the most widespread oral diseases. Medicated in-situ gels of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride for extended period of retention in infected cavity were prepared for improved local action for the treatment of periodontitis. Medicated formulations were prepared using temperature sensitive (poloxamer 407), ion sensitive (gellan gum) and pH sensitive (carbopol 934P) polymers. 32 Full Factorial Design has been applied and prepared batches were characterized by FTIR, pH, syringeability, drug content, clarity, gelation temperature, gelling time, in-vitro gelling capacity, in-vitro diffusion study. Gelation temperature, (in-vitro) gelling time and the nature of gel formed in simulated saliva showed polymeric concentration dependency. Diffusion study of in-situ gel had been performed which showed augmented arrival of medication from 7-12 hours and the discharge was dependent on polymer utilized. The best fitted model was zero order kinetics which indicated that the formulation gave controlled delivery. All preparations were non-Newtonian and display pseudoplastic conduct. InvitroAntimicrobial study was carried out by utilizing E. coli and S. aureus. Optimized formulation containing 19.072 %w/v poloxamer 407 and 0.245 %w/v gellan gum exhibited desired characteristics for developing periodontal drug delivery systems.

Loricrin expression and its implication in oral submucous fibrosis, hyperkeratosis and normal mucosa with association to habits – An immunohistochemical study Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Nithya S, Elizabeth Joshua, Ranganathan K, Rooban Thavarajah, Umadevi K. Rao Abstract Objective The coarse fibres of areca nut and the continuous friction from occluding teeth are major causes of mechanical stress to the oral mucosa in conditions like oral submucous fibrosis and frictional keratosis. The continuous micro trauma provided in areca nut chewers, creates an environment where the keratinocytes exhibit alteration. Loricrin, is expressed abundantly in keratinizing epithelium in response to mechanical stress. Their expression or absence could play a role in malignant transformation. This study attempts to assess the potential of Loricrin as an early diagnostic marker in patients with chewing habit. Methods 73 archival samples of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue specimens histopathologically confirmed, were segregated as normal mucosa 11, hyperkeratotic 32 and oral submucous fibrosis 30 and stained with antibodies to Loricrin and graded as negative, mild, moderate and intense based on the staining intensity. Pearson's chi square test was done for statistical analysis. Results Loricrin expression was observed in all groups with staining in the stratum granulosum showing a significant association to habits (P = 0.000). Conclusion This prominent staining indicates a compensatory cytoskeletal rearrangement of surface epithelium during cell division in early oral submucous fibrosis showing potential as an early marker of the condition.

Herbal medicine as adjunct in periodontal therapies- A review of clinical trials in past decade Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Hossam Abdelatty Eid Abdelmagyd, Dr Shishir Ram Shetty, Dr Manea Musa Musleh Al-Ahmari Abstract The aim of this paper was to analyze the literature published in the research related to herbal medicine as adjunct in periodontal therapies. An internet search using search engines- Google, Researchgate and PubMed was carried out. The keywords used for search were-periodontal therapy, adjunct, herbal, and periodontitis. Full text articles of the articles were collected from the year 2007–2017. The data available from the clinical trials the journal articles were analyzed and presented in both tabular and descriptive patterns.

MIDAS (Minimally Invasive Drilling And Styptic) protocol - A modified approach to treating patients under therapeutic anticoagulants Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Yazad Gandhi, Neel Bhatavdekar Abstract Patients with cardiac or allied medical conditions mandating long term oral anticoagulant therapy form a sizeable database in an implant practice today. The management of such patients during surgical and dental procedures has always been debatable. Literature has documented evidence that indicates towards stopping the anticoagulant for a finite period. However, discontinuing anticoagulants is not always possible, given the risks of greater significance than the edentulous state. In such patients a minimally invasive flapless approach is preferred, having the potential to reduce bleeding, surgical time and postoperative edema. The purpose of this case series is to show a possible modified approach for dental implant placement using a CAD-CAM stent guided flapless approach without stopping of therapeutic anticoagulant medication.

Diamond-like carbon films over reconstructive TMJ prosthetic materials: Effects in the cytotoxicity, chemical and mechanical properties Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Alecsandro de Moura Silva, Viviane Maria Gonçalves de Figueiredo, Renata Falchete do Prado, Gabriela de Fátima Santanta-Melo, Milagros del Valle El Abras Ankha, Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos, Argemiro Soares da Silva Sobrinho, Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges, Lafayette Nogueira Junior Abstract Increasingly more young patients have been submitted to reconstruction of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), so, the prostheses must to present more functional longevity. Objective To evaluate the effect of diamond-like carbon film (DLC) over titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and polyethylene (UHWPE) samples, their mechanical and chemical properties and cellular cytotoxicity. Methods Titanium and UHWPE specimens, with 2.5 cm in diameter and 2 mm thickness were coated through plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with DLC or DLC doped with silver (DLC-Ag). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological analysis, Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) chemical analysis, scratching test, mechanical fatigue test, surface roughness analysis, and cellular cytotoxicity were performed. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) or two-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Tukey test. Results In the SEM analysis, morphological differences were observed on substrates after DLC deposition. The film chemically modified the substrate surfaces, according to the EDS analysis. The initial critical load failure occurred at 6.1 N for DLC and 9.7 N for the DLC-Ag film. The DLC film deposition over the polyethylene promoted a decrease in the polymer's damaged area after mechanical fatigue cycling. The cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated less biocompatibility in experimental groups, when compared to control, however, increased biocompatibility was observed, at 10 days, in all groups. Conclusion The diamond-like carbon coating enhanced the chemical and mechanical properties from substrates, however modified biological interaction course of the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and polyethylene (UHWPE) samples. Parameters for film deposition remain to be improved in order to obtain best biocompatibility.

Extensive temporomandibular joint ankylosis involving medial pterygoid plates and the maxillary tuberosity- a case report Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Sujay M. Bhave, Divya Mehrotra, Praveen Singh, Anand Shukla Abstract Background Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a distressing condition which leads to significant functional debility and facial blemish. It can be surgically managed with gap or interposition arthroplasty, with an objective to restore joint function and prevent re-ankylosis. Sometimes TMJ ankylosis can present with atypical presentations like skull base ankylosis. The main aim of this surgery is to successfully treat such conditions efficiently without any possible complications. However, surgical procedures for such atypical presentations in this disease are rarely reported. Case summary Here we report a 27 year old male with Left TMJ ankylosis involving the skull base. The patient presented with reduced mouth opening with a previous history of trauma. For treatment we performed a surgery by doing osteoarthrectomy with interpositional arthroplasty of left TMJ using piezosurgery. To our knowledge this is the only TMJ ankylosis case with involvement of bones of the skull base treated with piezosurgery. Intraoperatively we achieved a mouth opening of 30 mm, and postoperatively after 15 days mouth opening up to 30 mm was achived with physiotherapy. Conclusion Some times TMJ ankylosis can present with atypical presentations in which bones of the skull base are involved. These are very rare and could be termed as 'skull base ankylosis'. Such cases can be surgically challenging and some surgical treatment modalities like Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS), 3D Navigation and Piezo-electric surgery could be beneficial in avoiding complications and facilitating efficient treatment.

Can placement of an immediate bone level tapered implant and subperiosteal xenograft help maintain bone architecture in esthetic areas? Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Alfonso Caiazzo, Federico Brugnami, Pushkar Mehra

Current status and applications of additive manufacturing in dentistry: A literature-based review Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Mohd Javaid, Abid Haleem Abstract Objective To study the current status and applications of additive manufacturing (AM) in dentistry along with various technologies, benefits and future scope. Methods A significant number of relevant research papers on the additive manufacturing application in dentistry are identified through Scopus and studied using bibliometric analysis that shows an increasing trend of research in this field. This paper briefly describes various types of AM technologies with their accuracy, pros and cons along with different dental materials. Paper also discusses various benefits of AM in dentistry and steps used to create 3D printed dental model using this technology. Further, ten major AM applications in dentistry are identified along with primary references and objectives. Results Additive manufacturing is an innovative technique moving towards the customised production of dental implants and other dental tools using computer-aided design (CAD) data. This technology is used to manufacture elaborate dental crowns, bridges, orthodontic braces and can also various other models, devices and instruments with lesser time and cost. With the help of this disruptive innovation, dental implants are fabricated accurately as per patient data captured by the dental 3D scanner. The application of this technology is also being explored for the precise manufacturing of removal prosthetics, aligners, surgical templates for implants and produce models that for the planning of treatment and preoperative positioning of the jaws.

Comparison between N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and Ethilon nylon sutures in extraoral maxillofacial incisions: A randomized prospective study Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Sudipto Sahu, Sobhan Mishra, Sthitaprajna Lenka, Rajarshi Banerjee, Sandeep Pachisia, Sucharu Ghosh Abstract Objectives Wound closure is a part of any surgical procedure. Wound care and healing process are concepts, which are usually reliant upon sutures. The suture and non-suture repair of the tissues has been a major concern to surgeons for over four thousand years. The objective of this study is to compare the rates of infection, wound dehiscence, necrosis and time required by N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and nylon sutures in extraoral maxillofacial wound closer. Materials and methods 24 patients requiring external wound closing were included in this study. Patients were divided in two groups, in one group wound closer was done by N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and by conventional nylon suture in the other group. The software STATA® of StataCorp was used in statistical analysis if this study. Results Wound infection, dehiscence, necrosis of tissue edges, time taken for closure was much less in case of tissue adhesive than conventional sutures. Conclusion Advantages of tissue adhesives over conventional wound closure techniques include easy to use, excellent bacteriostatic property, decreased repair time, elimination of recall visits and comparable short and long-term cosmetic outcome. Though tissue adhesives have many advantages over conventional wound closure techniques, they can be used as an alternative to sutures only in superficial small and tension free skin incisions or lacerations.

Factors associated with Oral Health Related Quality of Life of children with severe -Early Childhood Caries Publication date: July–September 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Shahnaz Mansoori, Abhishek Mehta, Mohd. Irfan Ansari Abstract Background Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a chronic childhood disease affecting children worldwide. Severe cases of ECC can significantly affect child's Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) owing to its consequences. The purpose of present study was to find out association between severe early childhood caries (s-ECC) and OHRQoL of children and their parents/care-givers visiting a Government dental hospital in Delhi, India. Methods Data was collected from a hospital - based sample of 454 child-parent pair. OHRQoL of the child and parent was assessed using the Hindi version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (Hi-ECOHIS). Children with s-ECC were identified as per definition given by American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Chi square test and Binary regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of s-ECC on OHRQoL and to study role of various socio demographic factors. Results The prevalence of s-ECC was 77.1% (n = 350).The mean dmft index score was 5.67 ( ±3.72) and dmfs was 11.21 ( ±11.03). The mean overall ECOHIS score was 7.02 ( ±5.47). Child impact items such as Pain, fever, caries associated swelling along with difficulty in eating food, halitosis, disturbed sleep, frequent absenteeism from school were found to be more significantly more frequent in children with s-ECC than ECC. Children with bottle-feeding habit of more than one year, having fewer siblings, and whose parents belong to upper socio economic class were at higher odds of suffering from s-ECC. Conclusion: s-ECC has significantly more detrimental impact on the OHRQoL of children and their parents in comparison to ECC.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com