Cytology and Genetics

Retraction Note to: "Sodium Ferulate Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Factors Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells"

Erratum to: Molecular Organization of 5S Ribosomal DNА of Deschampsia antarctica The title of the article should read as follows: Molecular Organization of 5S Ribosomal DNА of Deschampsia antarctica

1–34 PTH Effect on the Chondroprogenitor Cells Differentiation, As Well As on the Microstructure of the Subchondral None Tissue, and the Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Rats Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of intermittent and constant administration of 1–34 PTH fragment on bovine chondroprogenitor cells differentiation contained in chondrogenic and osteogenic media. In addition, regeneration of the cartilage tissue of non-native rats and the dependence of this process on the level of parathyroid hormone, as well as changes in the subchondral bone, were studied. Monolayer cultures of bovine chondroprogenitor cells contained in osteogenic and chondrogenic medium with periodic and constant addition of 1–34 PTH, were examined by immunofluorescence analysis to reveal appropriate markers. Rats' knee joints have been operated with the full thickness defect formation, and further investigation of the regeneration processes depending on the introduction of the PTH in vivo by histochemical analysis of the operated knee joints. The findings suggest that the modulating effect of PTH on chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells and the therapeutic potential of this hormone for cartilage regeneration.

Analysis of α-Tubulin Gene Expression During Cold Acclimation of Winter and Spring Soft Wheat Abstract The expression profiles of 15 α-tubulin genes in spring and winter wheat varieties during cold acclimation were studied. Among the studied genes, two subfamilies (three genes in each) were identified with elevated expression levels detected at the initial stages of cold acclimation. The Tuba-2-3 gene, which, within its subfamily, is characterized by the most significant amplitude of the increase in the initial expression level, deserves special attention. In addition, the greatest differences in expression levels between varieties were found for this gene within its subfamily. For the winter variety, higher expression levels of this tubulin gene remaining for a long time (up to the seventh day of acclimation) were detected. A significant initial increase in expression levels for all α-tubulin genes of the fourth subfamily reaching maximum values during further acclimation was revealed. The high initial values of the expression levels of genes from this subfamily may also indicate their important role in the resistance of wheat microtubules to low temperatures in the early stages of cold acclimation.

Placenta Growth Factor Influences miR-483-5p, miR-483-3p, miR-4669 and miR-16-5p Expression in MKN-45-Derived Spheroid Body-Forming Cells Abstract Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a crucial player of the human gastric cancer development. PlGF signalling pathway affects the expression of genes involving in angiogenesis and metastasis. Studies have hinted association between abnormal intracellular signal transduction and miRNAs expression profile in cancer initiation and progression. Changes in the expression of miR-483-5p, miR-483-3p, miR-16-5p and miR-4669 are reported in the spheroid body (SB)-forming cells derived from gastric cancer cell line MKN-45. Given the importance of PlGF and also the expression change of the above mentioned miRNAs in gastric cancer, this study was designed to investigate the effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Plgf on the expression of these miRNAs in the MKN-45 derived SB-forming cells. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was performed on the miRNAs to predict their potential targets that associated with survival, apoptosis and angiogenesis processes. Results showed that with except miR-483-3p, which was down-regulated, another 3 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the Plgf-knockdown samples. Furthermore, the in silico analysis revealed that these miRNAs influence the expression of a set of genes, which are involved in various signal transduction pathways. Moreover, it showed that they affect cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In conclusion, the current study reveals that down-regulation of Plgf influences the miRNAs expression in MKN-45 derived SB-forming cells. Moreover, our findings indicate that miR-483-5p, miR-483-3p and miR-16-5p can induce cancer initiation and progression through targeting genes involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis and angiogenesis processes.

Reporting of B-Chromosomes in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Ajwain) Abstract To the best of our knowledge this is the first study regarding the reporting of B chromosomes in this plant species. During the meiotic study of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague, maximum two B chromosomes were reported in diploid plants which were retained in induced autotetraploid after the treatment of 0.2% colchicine at seedling stage. In the present study, the meiotic behaviour of B-chromosomes was analyzed in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague. The presence of B chromosomes and their number in the plant species of higher ploidy level is controversial. The existence of B chromosomes in polyploids varies from species to species. In the present case, no change has been observed in the number of B chromosomes despite the duplication of A chromosomes in autotetraploid plant. The unaffected number of B chromosomes represents their peculiar behaviour of inheritance. The plant species show adaptive mechanism for their retention in population. In the present study, significant changes (p < 0.05) have been observed in the chiasma frequency and pollen fertility of both diploid carrier plant as compare to non-carrier ones. Furthermore, the chromosomal associations have also been considered with observed number of B chromosomes in autotetraploid carrier plant. In autotetraploid carrier plant, the frequencies of multivalents were found to be quite low in comparison to diploid carrier plant.

Isolation, Characterization and Association among Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Sugarcane Rhizosphere Abstract One of the premium qualities of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria is to solubilize insoluble phosphorus to make it available for plant roots to be engrossed. To check the ability for phosphate solubilization, production of indole acetic acid, antagonistic activity against fungal pathogen and intrinsic antibiotic resistance phosphorous solubilizing bacterial isolates were isolated and screened. In total, 12 PSB were found rod shaped cells being gram negative. Different levels of antibiotic resistance were observed by rhizobacterial isolates against four antibiotics (Ampicillin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline and Streptomycin 25, 30, 30 and 10 μg/mL respectively). The isolates S7 and S20 showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. Conversion of insoluble phosphorous Ca3(PO4) into IAA was observed by all PSB Isolates. Two phosphorous solubilizing bacterial isolates sequences were submitted in NCBI database. Conclusively, good antifungal activity with greater ability to solubilize insoluble phosphorus can be achieved by combine application of rhizobacterial isolates with S22. Further, it is an eco-friendly and cost effective strategy to improve crop production.

Genetic Structure in Different Subsequent Generations of Sexually Mature Rapana venosa Mollusks from the Same Biotope Abstract Two Rapana venosa (R. venosa) samples representing different age groups from the same biotope (Odes'ka zatoka) were compared, using allozyme analysis, by their genetic structure. The genotypes were tested at 19 loci of nine enzymes. The genepool of the collected R. venosa samples was generally characterized by genetic disequilibrium and the elevated level of actual heterozygosity at the studied polymorphic loci (on average, at 16–18%). Sexually mature mollusk generations belonging to different age groups from the same biotope had a comparably lower relatedness between each other than the mollusk samples from different aquatic areas of the Black Sea. However, the genetic distance between the studied R. venosa groups was at the level of local populations in all cases. The analysis of the contribution made by evolutionary factors has shown the leading role of migrations in the formation of the R. venosa genepool in the northern part of the Black Sea.

Secondary Metabolome and Transcriptome of Streptom y ces albus J1074 in Liquid Medium SG2 Abstract Streptomyces albus J1074 is one of the most popular chassis for heterologous expression of actinobacterial biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Considerable efforts are invested into understanding all the physiological and genetic aspects of secondary metabolism of J1074 in order to maximize the expression of heterologous BGCs. It has to be noted that the J1074 genome itself is home to numerous (>20) BGCs, whose expression varies widely. Therefore, the identification of the factors limiting the expression of J1074 BGCs might help improve this strain for heterologous expression purposes. As first steps towards this goal, herein we describe the secondary metabolome of J1074 in liquid medium SG2, previously shown by us to support the production of antibacterial and antifungal compounds. We compare the results of metabolomic studies with the transcriptome of J1074 in SG2 after 60 h of growth. Results of our studies are discussed in the context of current knowledge on the J1074 transcriptome and metabolome data.

Reproductive Function of Cows with Different Genotypes for TNF α Locus and Estimation of Sperm Fertility by the DNA Fragmentation Method Abstract SNP polymorphism of the TNFα gene's promoter region at position 824 A→G in Holstein cows of TOO Bayserke-Agro is represented by the following genetic variants: AA, 22.4%; AG, 63.8%; GG, 13.8%; the frequency of alleles A and G was 0.54 and 0.46, respectively. The population under study revealed an excessive frequency of the heterozygous genotype AG, 21.49 individuals, while other genotypes showed a deficit of homozygous variants GG and AA, by 11.16 and 10.32 individuals, respectively. The traits of reproductive function were high in cows with genotype GG: the interval between calving and productive insemination was 259 days, the insemination index was 2.63, the proportion of animals inseminated after more than 91 days was minimal (47.36%) in individuals with the homozygous genotype GG. As an additional criterion for estimating the fertility of bull sperm, the DNA fragmentation method is recommended: the maximum permissible level of sperm cells with DNA fragmentation in frozen sperm is between 13.00 and 17.15%.