Synkinesis Between Orbicularis Oculi and Procerus Muscles: Video Presentation of an Unusual Type of Aberrant Innervation after Cosmetic Rhinoplasty

Abstract

Background

Synkinesis is a recognized complication following peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Different types of synkinesis have been described, with oral–ocular and ocular–oral synkinesis being the most common. Ocular–nasal synkinesis has been reported in two patients following cosmetic rhinoplasty. However, synkinesis between the orbicularis oculi and procerus muscles has not been reported by now.

Methods

This is an interventional case report.

Results

Two women, aged 42 and 37 years, presented with unilateral contraction of the medial eyebrow muscles (procerus) with spontaneous or voluntary blinking, 4 and 5 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty, respectively. Both were successfully treated with injection of botulinum toxin A.

Conclusions

Surgical trauma is inevitable during every procedure, including rhinoplasty, and may damage the fine structures including branches of the facial nerve innervating the muscles. Gentle tissue handling may minimize iatrogenic injury to the fine motor branches of the facial nerve and prevent subsequent aberrant innervation and synkinesis. Botulinum toxin A injection can effectively, yet temporarily, resolve the unintentional contractions and provide significant patient comfort.

Level of Evidence V

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