Is e-Cigarette Vaping a New Clinical Challenge to Wound Healing?

Traditional cigarette smoking has been implicated by indisputable physiologic and clinical evidence to have substantial wound healing problems in surgical procedures. Physiologically, nicotine and the thousands of chemicals (ie, tar) in cigarette smoke induce not only peripheral vasoconstriction but also oxidative stress that weakens neutrophil function and subsequently wound healing through a variety of mechanisms. But what about electronic or e-cigarettes, otherwise known as vaping?