Forensic age assessment by 3.0T MRI of the knee: proposal of a new MRI classification of ossification stages

Abstract

Purpose

To explore the possibility of determining majority via a morphology-based examination of the epiphyseal-diaphyseal fusion by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a prospective cross-sectional study developing and applying a new stage classification was conducted.

Materials and methods

344 male and 350 female volunteers of German nationality between the ages of 12-24 years were scanned between May 2013 and June 2015. A 3.0 T MRI scanner was used, acquiring a T1-weighted (T1-w) turbo spin-echo sequence (TSE) and a T2-weighted (T2-w) TSE sequence with fat suppression by spectral pre-saturation with inversion recovery (SPIR). The gathered information was sifted and a five-stage classification was formulated as a hypothesis. The images were then assessed using this classification. The relevant statistics were defined, the intra- and interobserver agreements were determined, and the differences between the sexes were analysed.

Results

The application of the new classification made it possible to correctly assess majority in both sexes by the examination of the epiphyses of the knee joint. The intra- and interobserver agreement levels were very good (κ > 0.80). The Mann-Whitney-U Test implied significant sex-related differences for most stages.

Conclusion

Applying the presented MRI classification, it is possible to determine the completion of the 18th year of life in either sex by 3.0 T MRI of the knee joint.

Key points

• Based on prospective referential data a new MRI classification was formulated.

• The setting allows assessment of the age of an individual's skeletal development.

• The classification scheme allows the reliable determination of majority in both sexes.

• The staging shows a high reproducibility for instructed and trained professional personnel.

• The proposed classification is likely to be adaptable to other long bone epiphyses.