Adjuvant bevacizumab for melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence: survival analysis of the AVAST-M trial

Abstract

Background

Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) shown to improve survival in advanced solid cancers. We evaluated the role of adjuvant bevacizumab in melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence.

Patients and Methods

Patients with resected AJCC stage IIB, IIC and III cutaneous melanoma were randomised to receive either adjuvant bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg IV 3 weekly for 1 year) or standard observation. The primary endpoint was detection of an 8% difference in 5 year overall survival (OS) rate; secondary endpoints included disease-free interval (DFI) and distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI). Tumour and blood were analysed for prognostic and predictive markers.

Results

1343 patients recruited between 2007 and 2012 were predominantly stage III (73%), with median age 56 years (range 18-88 years). With 6.4 years median follow-up, 515 (38%) patients had died (254 [38%] bevacizumab; 261 [39%] observation); 707 (53%) patients had disease recurrence (336 [50%] bevacizumab, 371 [55%] observation). OS at 5 years was 64% for both groups (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-1.16, p=0.78). At 5 years, 51% were disease-free on bevacizumab versus 45% on observation (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74-0.99, p=0.03), 58% were distant metastasis-free on bevacizumab versus 54% on observation (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.78-1.07, p=0.25). 44% of 682 melanomas assessed had a BRAF^V600 mutation. In the observation arm, BRAF mutant patients had a trend towards poorer OS compared with BRAF wild type patients (p=0.06). BRAF mutation positivity trended towards better OS with bevacizumab (p=0.21).

Conclusions

Adjuvant bevacizumab after resection of high risk melanoma improves DFI, but not OS. BRAF mutation status may predict for poorer OS untreated and potential benefit from bevacizumab.