Therapeutic effect of the alkaloid extract of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic male rabbits

Abstract

The authors' objectives are to investigate the therapeutic effect of alkaloid extract of cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic male rabbits and to identify the active compounds in the alkaloid extract. Male rabbits were divided into four groups of six animals. The intact rabbits in the first group served as a negative control. The second group served as a positive control (hypercholesterolemic rabbits). Over a 4-week period, hypercholesterolemic rabbits in the third group received a low dose of alkaloid extract (33 mg/kg), and the hypercholesterolemic rabbits in the fourth group received a high dose (66 mg/kg). The results revealed that both doses of alkaloid extract significantly decreased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) when compared to the control group, whereas the high-density lipoproteins (HDL) increased significantly compared to the control group. The active compounds in the alkaloid extract were identified using GC-mass. The most abundant compounds found in the extract were 1-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, and gamolenic acid.