Adsorptive removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions using pine cone biomass: kinetics and equilibrium studies

Abstract

In this study, a novel inexpensive biosorbent of pine cone powder was used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with phenol and chlorophenols (CPhs). The biosorbent was thoroughly characterized by using CHN and BET measurements, as well as FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses. Kinetic and equilibrium biosorption experiments showed that the uptake was more than 80% within the first 30 min of contact time at pH 5.0. The biosorption of 4-CPh onto pine cone powder was higher than those of phenol and 2-CPh. The kinetic data were consistent with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the Langmuir isotherm model best represented the equilibrium data. The maximum biosorption capacities of phenol, 2-CPh, and 4-CPh were 164.51, 189.44, and 220.12 mg/g, respectively, at 30 ± 1 °C. Therefore, the pine cone powder is an effective low-cost adsorbent for the removal of phenol and CPhs from the contaminated water.