Eco-design of cosmetic formulae: methodology and application

Abstract

Objective

This article describes an easy-to-use eco-design methodology developed and applied since 2014 by the L'Oréal Group to improve the sustainable performance of its new products without any compromise on their cosmetic efficacy.

Methods

Cosmetic products, after being used, are often discharged into the sewers and the aquatic compartment. This discharge is considered as dispersive and continuous. A consistent progress in reducing the environmental impact of cosmetic products can be achieved through focusing upon three strategic indicators: biodegradability, grey water footprint adapted for eco-design (GWFE) and a global indicator, complementary to these two endpoints. Biodegradability represents the key process in the removal of organic ingredients from the environment. GWFE is defined herein as the theoretical volume of natural freshwater required to dilute a cosmetic formula after being used by the consumer, down to a concentration without any foreseeable toxic effects upon aquatic species. Finally, the complementary indicator highlights a possible alert on formula ingredients due to an unfavorable environmental profile based on hazard properties: e.g. GHS/CLP (Global Harmonization System/Classification, Labelling and Packaging) H410 classification or potential vPvB (very Persistent and very Bioaccumulative) classification.

Results

The eco-design of a new cosmetic product can be a challenge as the cosmetic properties and quality of this new product should at least match the benchmark reference. As shown in the case studies described herein, new methodologies have been developed to maximize the biodegradability of cosmetic formulae, to minimize their GWFE and to limit the use of ingredients that present an unfavorable environmental profile, while reaching the highest standards in terms of cosmetic efficacy.

Conclusion

By applying these methodologies, highly biodegradable products (≥ 95% based on ingredient composition) have been developed and marketed, with a low GWFE. This new eco-design approach shows that embedding sustainability in developing new cosmetic products can also open up new innovative opportunities.

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