Indocyanine Green Angiography Use in Breast Reconstruction: A National Analysis of Outcomes and Cost in 110,320 Patients

Background: Indocyanine Green (ICG) angiography has gained popularity in breast reconstruction due to its ability to assess the viability of both mastectomy skin and tissue flaps. We aim to analyze trends and outcomes associated with the use of ICG angiography in breast reconstruction. Methods: Using 2012-2014 data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, we identified breast reconstructions that were performed with or without the use of ICG angiography. Trends over time were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test. Outcomes were assessed using logistic regression and generalized linear modeling. Results: Over the study period, 110,320 patients underwent breast reconstruction: 107,005 (97.0%) without the use of ICG and 3,315 (3.0%) with the use of ICG angiography. Indocyanine green angiography use increased over time: 750 patients (1.9%) in 2012, increasing to 1,275 patients (3.7%) in 2013 (p