CARTi: The French-speaking group for the harmonization of immune monitoring in patients treated with CAR-T cells

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader CARTi: The French-speaking group for the harmonization of immune monitoring in patients treated with CAR-T cells Via Association française pour l'étude du cancer Bull Cancer. 2021 Oct;108(10S):S141-S142. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.06.006. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34920796 | DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.06.006 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Bispecific antibodies: An old story with a bright future… with CAR-T cells!

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Bispecific antibodies: An old story with a bright future… with CAR-T cells! Via Association française pour l'étude du cancer Bull Cancer. 2021 Oct;108(10S):S168-S180. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.02.016. ABSTRACT CAR-T cells originate from two different approaches, cellular immunotherapy based on tumor immunosurveillance by T lymphocytes, combined with molecular engineering of bispecific antibodies and antibody fragments. The latter makes it possible to retarget immune effector cytotoxic cells (such as NK cells and T lymphocytes) to tumor cells through the binding to tumor-associated antigens. We present herein the history of bispecific antibodies, highlighting how such antibodies played a major role in CAR-T cell development. We will first evoke how antibody engineering led to the construction of various bispecific formats, in particular using the single chain Fv fragment (scFv) which has been used as the initial building block to generate chimeric bi-, tri- or multifunctional molecules. We will also describe how bispecific antibodies, either full IgG or as s cFv or F(ab')2 format, directed against Fcγ receptors or CD3ɛ and against tumor-associated antigens, induce a potent anti-tumor cytotoxicity following the recruitment and activation of immune effector cells, including CD3+ T lymphocytes. These anti-tumor effects have been translated into the clinics, especially to treat malignant hemopathies. At last, recently generated bispecific CAR-T cells suggest that the embrace between cell therapy and bispecific antibodies is not over and that we are yet to witness further discoveries enabling these cells to be even more efficient. PMID:34920800 | DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.02.016 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

CAR-T cell: Toxicities issues: Mechanisms and clinical management

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader CAR-T cell: Toxicities issues: Mechanisms and clinical management Via Association française pour l'étude du cancer Bull Cancer. 2021 Oct;108(10S):S117-S127. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.05.003. ABSTRACT CAR-T cells are modified T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor targeting a specific antigen. They have revolutionized the treatment of B cell malignancies (aggressive lymphomas, B-ALL), and this has raised hopes for application in many other pathologies (myeloma, AML, solid tumors, etc.). However, these therapies are associated with novel and specific toxicities (cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity). These complications, although mostly managed in a conventional hospitalization unit, can sometimes be life threatening, leading to admission of patients to the intensive care unit. Management relies mainly on anti-IL6R (tocilizumab) and corticosteroids. However, the optimal treatment regimen is still a matter of debate, and the management of the most severe forms is even less well codified. In addition to CRS and ICANS, infections, cytope nia and hypogammaglobulinemia are other frequent complications. This article reviews the mechanisms, risk factors, clinical presentation, and management of these toxicities. PMID:34920794 | DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.05.003 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

T cell-based immunotherapies in solid tumors

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader T cell-based immunotherapies in solid tumors Via Association française pour l'étude du cancer Bull Cancer. 2021 Oct;108(10S):S96-S108. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.06.004. ABSTRACT In solid tumors, adoptive T cell therapies based on ex vivo amplification of antitumor T cell are represented by three main complementary approaches : (i) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) which are amplified in vitro before reinjection to the patient, (ii) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells and (iii) T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells. Despite encouraging results, some obstacles remain, such as optimal target selection and tumor microenvironment. In this Review, we discuss pros and cons of these different therapeutic strategies that may open new perspectives in the treatment of solid tumors. PMID:34920813 | DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.06.004 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

CAR-T CELLS: How does the EBMT registry monitor European activities, identify hurdles and prepare for changes in regulations

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader CAR-T CELLS: How does the EBMT registry monitor European activities, identify hurdles and prepare for changes in regulations Via Association française pour l'étude du cancer Bull Cancer. 2021 Oct;108(10S):S155-S161. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.08.004. ABSTRACT CAR-T Cells are gene therapy medicinal products, a subcategory of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as defined in the EC Regulation 1394/2007. They may represent the first example of such medicinal products that are industry-manufactured and commercialized on a large scale. Their very nature, their manufacturing processes, pricing and conditions upon which they were approved by regulatory agencies, all lead the latter to require long-term follow-up after marketing approval with a view for a better definition of CAR-T Cells safety profile and efficacy profile in real world conditions. Collection and analysis of data over a 15-year period of time represents a technical and political challenge. So does the a priori definition of data to be collected for a wealth of forthcoming analyses that focus on the interests of a variety of stakeholders. EBMT has been collecting and analyzing data on hematopoietic cell transplants for decades. EBMT currently works with many interested parties to collect data on patients treated with CAR-T Cells. PMID:34920798 | DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.08.004 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The Voice Problem Impact Scales (VPIS)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Voice Problem Impact Scales (VPIS) Via Journal of Voice Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important for systematically assessing a person's perspectives and experiences with disease to inform clinical decision-making. However, PROMs can occasionally fail to capture subtle differences amongst subgroups. In response to this problem, the aim of the current study was to examine the convergent validity of four patient-reported voice activity and participation scales to better reflect and describe the impact of a voice problem in a patient's work, home, social and overall life. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Posterior canal wall reconstruction in squamosal type of chronic otitis media: One-year follow-up study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Posterior canal wall reconstruction in squamosal type of chronic otitis media: One-year follow-up study Via Indian Journal of Otology Abhinav Srivastava, Chander Mohan Indian Journal of Otology 2021 27(3):163-167 Introduction: The removal of Cholesteatoma remains a matter of debate with varying opinion, but the primary objectives remain complete eradication of the disease and creation of a safe ear. Restoration of hearing is secondary objective. Reconstruction of posterior canal wall can be attempted after complete removal of cholesteatoma with different materials. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the outcome of posterior canal wall reconstruction in patients undergoing modified radical mastoidectomy. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional cross-sectional study has been done on forty patients in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head-neck surgery, in a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh with an enrolment period of 1 year and a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Results: In the present study, the success rate of canal reconstruction was 85%. The most common site of middle ear cleft which was found to be mostly affected by cholesteatoma was ad itus in 94.12%, followed by posterior attic, middle ear, and sinus tympani accounting for 91.18%, 82.35%, and 79.41%, respectively. Incus was found to be the most common ear ossicle affected. A statistically significant result was found in the pre- and post-operative average hearing loss and air-bone gap. Conclusion: Canal reconstruction in patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy is a good option in patients presenting with limited disease of squamosal type of chronic otitis media. A candidacy criterion has been proposed for deciding patients in whom canal reconstruction can be tried. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Presbycusis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Presbycusis Via Indian Journal of Otology Mahendra Kumar Taneja Indian Journal of Otology 2021 27(3):121-123 Presbycusis is aging deafness, progressive decrease in hearing, high frequency usually associated with tinnitus. This is due to the release of free radicals in cellular metabolism leading to cell death of cochlear hair cells, stria vascularis, and sensorineural degeneration. It also leads to vasoconstriction of end arteries resulting in hypoxia, ischemia, and necrosis of cells. Apart from hair cells, rest all can be regenerated by suitable environment, diet positivity, lifestyle changes, and proper diet along with Yoga and Pranayama. It is a long-run exercise. Since visual integration is a part of hearing, focused concentration, dynamic neurobics, and mid-brain activation also help in rehabilitation. The most important Pranayama is modified Nadi Shodhan (Kumbhak). View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Impact of duration of residual inhibition on tinnitus masking in patients with and without hearing impairment

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Impact of duration of residual inhibition on tinnitus masking in patients with and without hearing impairment Via Indian Journal of Otology Indranil Chatterjee, Geeta Gore Indian Journal of Otology 2021 27(3):131-139 Introduction: Residual inhibition (RI) is described as a temporary reduction in the loudness of tinnitus as a result of stimulation from a noise. Aim: This study is aimed to determine the efficacy of durational aspects of tinnitus masking on self-reported tinnitus handicapped measures in patients with and without hearing impairment. Sample Size: Sixty participants were included and divided into two groups – Group A (mean age 44.7, standard deviation [SD] 12.02) included tinnitus participants with normal hearing and Group B (mean age 43.81, SD 12.79) included participants with hearing impairment. Methodology: Audiological evaluation was done after a detailed case history visual analog scale (VAS) and tinnitus handicapped inventory (THI) were used pre- and post-therapy to assess the severity of tinnitus. Tinnitus masking was done at the level MML + 20 dB at matched frequency of the tinnitus. Each group had three subgroups of ten participants for masking duration– 15, 20, and 30 min of RI. The therapy was terminated when the tinnitus disappeared or after 1 month (5 days a week). Statistical analysis was performed using Paired t-test, Independent t-test, and ANOVA. Results: There was a significant difference in the effect of tinnitus masking for pre- and post-data among different masking durations measured in VAS and THI irrespective of hearing status. 30-min masking duration can be used as a standardized norm for tinnitus masking. Conclusion: Thus, the study provides a structured temporal course for providing tinnitus masking. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Assessment of hearing loss in temporal bone fractures

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Assessment of hearing loss in temporal bone fractures Via Indian Journal of Otology M Abhishek, Revathishree Kaleeswaran, K Srinivasan Indian Journal of Otology 2021 27(3):158-162 Introduction: Thirty percent to seventy percent of skull fractures in adult head trauma patients is due to temporal bone fractures and is caused due to road traffic accidents (RTAs). Temporal bone fractures are more commonly associated with hearing loss. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the type and the amount of hearing loss in temporal bone fractures. Methodology: A 3-month retrospective study was conducted at the department of ear, nose, and throat in a tertiary care center. Fifty patients, diagnosed as cases of temporal bone fractures with hearing loss were included in the study. The patients with temporal bone fractures were categorized into two groups-otic-capsule sparing (OCS) and otic-capsule violating (OCV) fractures, and hearing loss was evaluated with Pure tone audiogram (PTA). Results: OCS fractures were more common (64%) than OCV. Conductive type of hearing loss was commonly associated with OCS, whereas sensorineural hearing loss was more common in OCV fractures. The average degree of hearing loss ranged from 20 to 68 db. The correlation was statistically significant for temporal bone fractures (OCS and OCV) with respect to hearing loss (P < 0.00001). Other complications such as external auditory canal filled with blood, perforation of tympanic membrane, and hemotympanum were also observed in our study. Conclusion: Temporal bone fractures are most commonly due to RTAs and are frequently associated with severe brain injury. Classifying temporal bone fractures as OCS and OCV fractures correlates well with the severity of hearing loss, and conductive hearing loss was the most common type hearing loss. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Difficult Airway Management in a Patient With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Difficult Airway Management in a Patient With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Via JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Online First To the Editor In reference to the recent publication by Safi et al regarding rapid sequence induction and intubation in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), I would like to congratulate the authors on a successful outcome. Also, I would like to suggest that, rather than mask ventilation after induction of anesthesia, consideration be given to awake fiber-optic oral/nasal intubation, as directed by the preoperative assessment, to establish the airway in patients with HHT undergoing elective procedures. Rapid sequence induction and emergency tracheostomy, in that order, could then be further on in the difficult airway algorithm, if needed, as in this case. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The Effect of Tongue-Tie Release on Speech Articulation and Intelligibility

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effect of Tongue-Tie Release on Speech Articulation and Intelligibility Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Dec 15:1455613211064045. doi: 10.1177/01455613211064045. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The relationship between ankyloglossia and speech is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tongue-tie release on speech articulation and intelligibility. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted. Pediatric patients (>2 years of age) being referred for speech concerns due to ankyloglossia were assesse d by a pediatric otolaryngologist, and speech articulation was formally assessed by a speech language pathologist using the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation 2 (GFTA-2). Patients then underwent a tongue-tie release procedure in clinic. After 1 month, speech articulation was reassessed with GFTA-2. Audio-recordings of sessions were evaluated by independent reviewers to assess speech intelligibility before and after tongue-tie release. RESULTS: Twenty-five participants were included (mean age 3.7 years; 20 boys). The most common speech errors identified were phonological substitutions (80%) and gliding errors (56%). Seven children (28%) had abnormal lingual-alveolar and interdental sounds. Most speech sound errors (87.9%) were age/developmentally appropriate. GFTA-2 standard scores before and after tongue-tie release were 85.61 (SD 9.75) and 87.54 (SD 10.21), respectively, (P=.5). Mean intelligibility scores before and after tongue-tie release were 3.15 (SD .22) and 3.21 (SD .31), respectively, (P=.43). CONCLUSION: The majority of children being referred for speech concerns thought to be due to ankyloglossia had age-appropriate speech errors at presentation. Ankyloglossia was not associated with isolated tongue mobility related speech articulation errors in a consistent manner, and there was no benefit of tongue-tie release in improving speech articulation or intelligibility. PMID:34911396 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211064045 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.