Publication date: Available online 24 July 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Gaolei Zhang, Hongguang Chen, Zhen Zhen, Jianyou Chen, Sheng Zhang, Qin Qin, Xiaoyan Liu
Δευτέρα 23 Ιουλίου 2018
Methods for Decreasing the Incidence of Moist Desquamation in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Raagini Suresh, Florence Yuen, Jenny E. Murase
Nail photography tricks for pediatric and geriatric patients
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Sanjeev Gupta, Archana Singal, Kartikay Aggarwal, Ravi Shankar Jangra
Lightening Becker’s Nevus with Topical Glycolic Acid
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Yiping Zhong, Yongjun Chen, Lining Huang, Hui Wang, Tingting Yan, Bin Yang, Mao-Qiang Man
Trans-Vertical Mastectomy With Immediate Implant-Based Reconstruction: A Retrospective, Observational Study
Abstract
Background
In women with large and ptotic breasts requiring a mastectomy and immediate, implant-based reconstruction, long flaps pose a high risk for flap ischemia and necrosis. A new trans-vertical incision for skin-reducing mastectomy is described, which reduces the skin envelope and lifts the breast. Objective
To describe the new mastectomy access incision and assess its efficacy and safety when followed by immediate implant-based reconstruction. Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 70 consecutive patients (101 breasts) with large and ptotic breasts undergoing a unilateral (n=39; 55.7%) or bilateral (n=31; 44.3%) skin-reducing mastectomy using the trans-vertical approach, either for breast cancer or risk reduction. All received immediate one- (n=86; 85.5%) or two-stage (n=15; 14.5%) implant-based reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix. Results
Mean age was 50.1 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 kg/m2. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years, the number of breasts with minor and major complications was 21 (20.8%) and 26 (25.7%), respectively. The most common major complications were skin-flap necrosis (n=12; 11.9%) and infection (n=8; 7.9%). All occurred within 3 months post-surgery. There were 7 cases of capsular contracture (6.9%), and 5 reconstruction failures (5.0%). Higher BMI (p<0.01) and breast weight (p<0.05) were associated with increased complication rates. According to BREAST-Q, 55/64 patients (85.9%) were somewhat or very satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. Conclusions
The trans-vertical approach is an effective, reproducible and safe alternative to conventional skin-reducing mastectomy, with favorable aesthetic outcomes, in patients with large and ptotic breasts.Association of Plasma Pentraxin-3 Levels with Retinopathy and Systemic Factors in Diabetic Patients
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.
DNA methylation-based classification of ependymomas in adulthood: implications for diagnosis and treatment
Abstract
Background
Ependymal tumors are glial tumors that commonly manifest in children and young adults. Their classification has remained entirely morphological until recently, and surgery and radiotherapy are the main treatment options, especially in adults. Here we sought to correlate DNA methylation profiles with clinical and pathological characteristics in the prospective cohort of the German Glioma Network. Methods
Tumors from 122 adult patients with myxopapillary ependymoma, ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, subependymoma or RELA fusion-positive ependymoma classified according to the World Heath Organization classification (WHO) 2016 were subjected to DNA methylation profiling using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip platform. Molecular data were correlated with histologic features and clinical characteristics. Results
At a median follow-up of 86.7 months, only 22 patients experienced progression (18.0%) and 13 patients (10.7%) died. Each tumor could be assigned to one of the previously defined molecular ependymoma subgroups. All histologic subependymomas corresponded to subependymoma (SE) DNA methylation subgroups, but the reverse was not true: 19 histologic ependymomas (WHO grade II) were allocated to molecular SE groups. Similarly, all histological myxopapillary ependymomas were assigned to the molecularly defined SP-MPE class, but this molecular subgroup additionally included 15 WHO grade II ependymomas by histology. Overall, WHO grade II ependymomas distributed into seven molecular subgroups. Conclusions
Most adult patients with ependymoma show a favorable prognosis. Molecular classification may provide diagnostic and prognostic information beyond histology and facilitate patient stratification in future clinical trials. The prognostic significance of a subependymoma or myxopapillary ependymoma DNA methylation phenotype without according histology requires further study.The secreted glycolytic enzyme GPI/AMF stimulates glioblastoma cell migration and invasion in an autocrine fashion but can have antiproliferative effects
Abstract
Background
Aerobic glycolysis confers several advantages to tumor cells, including shunting of metabolites into anabolic pathways. In glioblastoma cells, hypoxia induces a flux shift from the pentose phosphate pathway towards glycolysis and a switch from proliferation to migration. The mechanistic link between glycolysis and migration is poorly understood. Since glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) is identical to the secreted autocrine motility factor (AMF), we investigated whether GPI/AMF regulates glioblastoma cell invasion. Methods
The expression and hypoxic regulation of GPI/AMF and its receptor AMFR were analyzed in glioblastoma tissues and cell lines. Functional effects were studied in vitro and in xenograft models. Results
High GPI/AMF expression in glioblastomas was found to be associated with a worse patient prognosis, and levels were highest in hypoxic pseudopalisades. Hypoxia upregulated both GPI/AMF and AMFR expression as well as GPI/AMF secretion in vitro. GPI/AFM stimulated cell migration in an autocrine fashion, and GPI/AMF expression was upregulated in migratory cells but reduced in rapidly proliferating cells. Knockdown or inhibition of GPI/AMF reduced glioblastoma cell migration but in part stimulated proliferation. In a highly invasive orthotopic glioblastoma model, GPI/AMF knockdown reduced tumor cell invasion but did not prolong survival. In a highly proliferative model, knockdown tumors were even larger and more proliferative than controls; however, perivascular invasion, provoked by simultaneous Bevacizumab treatment, was reduced. Conclusions
GPI/AMF is a potent motogen for glioblastoma cells, explaining in part the association between glycolysis and migration. Targeting GPI/AMF is, however, problematic since beneficial anti-invasive effects may be outweighed by unintended mitogenic effects.Low-Cd tomato cultivars ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) screened in non-saline soils also accumulated low Cd, Zn, and Cu in heavy metal-polluted saline soils
Abstract
Many reclaimed tidal flat soils feature high salinity and heavy metal (HM) accumulation. Consumption of vegetables cultivated in this type of cropland may cause health risks. Low-Cd tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were identified in non-saline soil in our previous studies (Tan et al. 2014). However, further research should determine whether these low-Cd cultivars will maintain in the repeatability and stability in saline soil and whether they have low accumulation abilities for accompanying metals (such as Zn and Cu). A soil-pot trial was implemented to measure Cd, Zn, and Cu concentrations in low- and high-Cd cultivars of both common and cherry-type tomatoes grown on HM-polluted reclaimed tidal flat saline soil. Then, cultivar differences in dissolution of Cd, Zn, and Cu in soil and their uptake and redistribution in plants were analyzed. Results showed that the cherry type accumulated more Cd, Zn, and Cu than the common type. Low-Cd cultivars of both types in saline soil accumulated low concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Cu in fruits. Low HM accumulation in fruits is partly attributed to a low root/shoot (R/S) biomass ratio. Low amounts of soil HMs were dissolved because of the low level of rhizosphere organic compounds, which possibly decreased HM uptake by the roots. Low-Cd cultivars of both tomato types had a higher ability to retain HMs in the roots than their high-Cd cultivars. These findings may provide a scientific guidance for the safe cultivation of HM-polluted saline soils.
Three-dimensional graphene-based adsorbents in sewage disposal: a review
Abstract
A kind of graphene functional materials based on three-dimensional (3D) porous structure is a new star for environmental application in the past decades because it not only inherits the perfect carbon crystal structure of two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheets but also exhibits several advantages such as extremely low density, high porosity, and big surface area, all which enable diverse contaminants to easily access and diffuse into 3D networks, and make these materials ideal adsorbents with superior adsorptivity and recyclability. This review aims to summarize the recent progress in constructing 3D graphene-based adsorbents (3DGBAs) with two hybrid systems such as graphene/polymers and graphene/inorganic nanomaterials, and to provide a fundamental understanding of synthetic methods for interconnecting these nanostructures, structure–property relationships, and extensive applications in environmental protection towards adsorption of heavy metals, dyes, oils, and organic pollutants. Furthermore, we make a forecast on the future development opportunities and technical challenges, which is hoped to make an inspiration for the researchers to exploit a new family of graphene-based adsorption materials.
Graphical abstract
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Bleeding and splenectomy in Wiskott Aldrich syndrome: a single centre experience
Publication date: Available online 23 July 2018
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Elizabeth Rivers, Austen Worth, Adrian J. Thrasher, Siobhan O. Burns
Elevation in histamine and tryptase following exercise in patients with mastocytosis
Publication date: Available online 23 July 2018
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Joseph M. Kulinski, Dean D. Metcalfe, Michael L. Young, Yun Bai, Yuzhi Yin, Robin Eisch, Linda M. Scott, Hirsh D. Komarow
The frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in athletes with and without sports related concussion
Purpose of this study is to investigate the presence and frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in post-concussed (PC) athletes compared to a group of healthy control (HC) athletes.
Reproductive drugs and environmental contamination: quantum, impact assessment and control strategies
Abstract
Industrial and municipal solid wastes, noise, pesticides, fertilizers and vehicular emission are visible pollutants responsible for environmental contamination and ill-effects on health of all living systems. But, environmental contamination due to drugs or medicines used for different purposes in humans and animals goes unseen largely and can affect the health of living system severely. During the last few decades, the usage of drugs has increased drastically, resulting in increased drug load in soil and water. Contraceptive and fertility drugs are extensively and effectively used in humans as well as animals for different purposes. Usage of these reproductive drugs in humans is increased manifold to manage reproductive problems and/or for birth control with changing lifestyles. These drugs are excreted in urine and faeces as metabolite or conjugated forms, leading to contamination of water, milk and animal produce, which are consumed directly by humans as well as animals. These drugs are not eliminated even by water treatment plant. Consumption of such contaminated water, milk, meat and poultry products results in reproductive disorders such as fertility loss in men and increase risk of different types of cancers in humans. Therefore, assessment of impact of environmental contamination by these drugs on living system is of paramount importance. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of various research and review reports on different contraceptive and fertility drugs used in human and animals, their occurrence in the environment and their ill-effects on living systems. The approaches to control this invisible menace have also been proposed.
Structured reporting in petrous bone MRI examinations: impact on report completeness and quality
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate whether structured reports (SRs) provide benefits regarding the completeness and the clarity of reports, as well as regarding the satisfaction of the referring physicians compared to narrative freetext reports (NRs) of MRI examinations of the petrous bone.
Methods
After sample size calculation, 32 patients with clinically indicated MRI examinations of the petrous bone were included in this retrospective study. The already existing NRs were taken from the radiologic information system. The corresponding SRs were retrospectively generated by two radiologists using an online-based application. All 64 reports (one NR and one SR per patient) were evaluated by two head and neck physicians using a questionnaire.
Results
While 41% of the SRs showed no missing report key feature, all NRs exhibited at least one missing key feature (p < 0.001). SRs achieved significantly higher satisfaction rates regarding the linguistic quality and overall report quality compared to NRs: Using a 6-point Likert scale (1 = insufficient to 6 = excellent), SRs were rated with a median value of 6 [interquartile range (IQR): 1] for linguistic as well as overall quality, and NRs were rated with a median of 5 (IQR: 0) for linguistic as well as overall quality (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Structured reporting of petrous bone MRI examinations may positively influence the completeness and quality of radiologic reports. Due to the easier readability and facilitation of information extraction, SRs improve the satisfaction level of the referring physicians.
Indoor and outdoor concentrations of BTEX and formaldehyde in Tehran, Iran: effects of building characteristics and health risk assessment
Abstract
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) and formaldehyde are toxic compounds that can induce adverse health effect in humans. This study measured in-home and ambient concentrations of BTEX and formaldehyde across Tehran, Iran. These pollutants were sampled from the indoor and adjacent outdoor air of 45 houses (9 in each city zone) during the winter of 2015. Sampling was repeated three times for each house. The analyses were performed according to NIOSH procedures. The effect of flooring material, wall covering, ventilation system, heating system, height above ground, presence of attached garages, and distance from highways was evaluated. In addition, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of these compounds were assessed. The average indoor concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and formaldehyde were 53.2, 21.5, 14.4, 21.1, and 17.9 μg/m3, respectively. The average outdoor concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and formaldehyde were 43.5, 26.2, 10.0, 19.1, and 6.9 μg/m3, respectively. Separate regression models showed that wall coating, ventilation system, heating system, flat level, and distance from highways explained 29, 60, 16, 60, and 59% of the BTEX concentrations, respectively. Houses with oil painted walls and parquet flooring had higher concentrations of BTEX and formaldehyde, respectively. The health risk assessment found that the carcinogenic risks of benzene and formaldehyde exceeded 1 × 10−4 and represent a definite risk. New buildings can be designed based on the results of this study to use better materials and optimum building designs to reduce exposure to these toxic air pollutants.
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A Case of Diprosopus Tetraophthalmos: Ocular Findings and Surgical Treatment of Exposure KeratopathyDiprosopus is a rare variation of conjoined twinning. In this report, ophthalmic findings in an infant with diprosopus tetraophthalmos are p...
