Neuroendocrine neoplasia and bone (Review)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Neuroendocrine neoplasia and bone (Review) Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Nov;22(5):1219. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10653. Epub 2021 Aug 26. ABSTRACT This is a narrative review focusing on neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) and bone status, in terms of metastases and osteoporosis/fractures. One fifth of NEN have skeletal dissemination, this affinity being regulated by intrinsic tumor factors such as the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Bone colonization impairs the patient quality of life, representing a surrogate of reduced survival. Patients with NEN without bone metastases may exhibit low bone mineral density, perhaps carcinoid-related osteoporosis, yet not a standardized cause of osteoporosis. Case-finding strategies to address bone health in NEN with a good prognosis are lacking. Contributors to fractures in NEN subjects may include: menopausal status and advanced age, different drugs, induced hypogonadism, malnutrition, malabsorption (due to intestinal resection, carcinoid syndrome), hypo vitaminosis D, impaired glucose profile (due to excessive hormones such as glucagon, somatostatinoma or use of somatostatin analogues), various corticoid regimes, and high risk of fall due to sarcopenia. Pheocromocytoma/paraganglioma involve bone through malignant forms (bone is an elective site) and potential secondary osteoporosis due to excessive hormonal content and increased sympathetic activity which is a key player of bone microarchitecture/quality as reflected by low Trabecular Bone Score. Glucocorticoid osteoporosis is related to NEN-associated ectopic Cushing syndrome. Currently, there are a lack of studies to emphasis that excessive gut-derivate serotonin in NENs with carcinoid syndrome is a specific activator of bone loss thus a contributor to carcinoid-related osteoporosis. PMID:34584564 | PMC:PMC8422397 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10653 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Prospective evaluation of remifentanil-propofol mixture for total intravenous anesthesia: A randomized controlled study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Prospective evaluation of remifentanil-propofol mixture for total intravenous anesthesia: A randomized controlled study Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Nov;22(5):1198. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10632. Epub 2021 Aug 23. ABSTRACT Application of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) may be considered as unpractical when compared with inhalational anesthesia. Although it is mostly not recommended, mixing intravenous agents is popular in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the suitability of using remifentanil-propofol mixture (MIXTIVA) for TIVA. Adult patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of I-II scheduled for elective thyroidectomy were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n=32 for each) to receive TIVA with remifentanil and propofol infusions separately (control group, Group I) or with MIXTIVA infusion that contained remifentanil/propofol at a proportion of 2/1,000 or 3/1,000 (remifentanil concentration, 20 or 30 µg/ml in 1% propofol in Group II or Group III, respectively). The extubation time (the primary outcome of the stu dy), the orientation time and number of patients in whom intraoperative hypotension, hypertension or bradycardia episodes were encountered during anesthesia were comparable among the groups. The mean remifentanil infusion rate in Group III was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The mean propofol infusion rates and mean bispectral index (BIS) scores during anesthesia were comparable among groups. Hypotension accompanied with a high BIS was encountered in one patient in Group III. In conclusion, compared to the standard TIVA technique using separate drug infusions, MIXTIVA infusion used for thyroidectomies did not result in any statistically significant difference in recovery and clinical outcomes. This technique may be considered as a practical implementation for busy ambulatory centers performing general anesthesia. The present study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (trial registration no. NCT04394897). PMID:34584543 | PMC:PMC8422392 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10632 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Current research developments of patient-derived tumour xenograft models (Review)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Current research developments of patient-derived tumour xenograft models (Review) Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Nov;22(5):1206. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10640. Epub 2021 Aug 24. ABSTRACT Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models are established by transferring patient tumors into immunodeficient mice. In these murine models, the characteristics of the primary tumor are retained, including the microenvironment of tumor cell growth and histopathology. Due to this, it has become the most reliable in vivo human cancer model. However, the success rates differ by type of tumor, site of transplantation and tumor aggressiveness. Subcutaneous transplantation is a standard method for PDTX, and subrenal capsule transplantation improves the engraftment rate. Recently, PDTX models are frequently used in the fields of precision medicine, predictive biomarkers, evaluation of drug efficacy and preclinical research on tumor immunotherapeutic drugs. The aim of the present article was to review the establishment, clinical applications an d limitations of the PDTX model in tumor research. PMID:34584551 | PMC:PMC8422395 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10640 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Tubeless Anesthesia in Subglottic Stenosis: Comparative Review of Apneic Low‐Flow Oxygenation With THRIVE

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Tubeless Anesthesia in Subglottic Stenosis: Comparative Review of Apneic Low‐Flow Oxygenation With THRIVE Via The Laryngoscope Objective Managing the shared airway in subglottic stenosis presents a unique challenge. Tubeless anesthesia with apneic oxygenation is increasingly being adopted as it overcomes the limitations of access to and visualization of the narrowed subglottis. Low-flow oxygenation (LFO) and transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) are two delivery techniques. We sought to compare their utility in this patient cohort. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Thirty-five cases of endoscopic debridement of subglottic stenosis were retrospectively studied. Operative technique was consistent among the cases. Oxygen was delivered at low-flow rates at the laryngeal inlet with LFO (n = 23) or high-flow rates at the nares with THRIVE (n = 12). Data regarding apnea time, the need for rescue ventilation, and relevant patient and disease factors were recorded for analysis. Results Median apnea time for LFO and THRIVE were 34 and 25 minutes, respectively. Rescue with intermittent supraglottic jet ventilation was required more often with LFO than THRIVE (61% vs 33%) and was sufficient for the case to be completed in all but one instance. Elevated BMI was the sole significant predictor of early oxygen desaturation (24.8 vs 37.95 kg/m2, P = .002) with LFO. Median stenosis diameter was 6 mm (range 2–14). Conclusion Apneic techniques are safe and feasible for the endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis of all severities. Elevated BMI is the only significant predictor for early oxygen desaturation. In the many healthcare settings where THRIVE is not available, LFO is a valid alterative in the nonobese patient. Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in speech therapy rehabilitation of voice and swallowing function in adults-a systematic review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in speech therapy rehabilitation of voice and swallowing function in adults-a systematic review Via Traditional dysphagia therapy Clin Exp Dent Res. 2021 Sep 29. doi: 10.1002/cre2.470. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In recent years, a number of clinical trials have been published comparing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and traditional speech therapy treatment of voice and swallowing functions, but results have been conflicting. OBJECTIVE: Assess the methodological quality of studies and determine whether TENS is an efficient therapeutic strategy for speech therapy treatment of healthy adults or those with dysphonia and/or dysphagia. METHODS: The databases used were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MedLine), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Cochrane Library and Web of Science (ISI Web of Knowledge). The study was conducted between May 2018 and January 2019, in line with Cochrane Handbook guidelines, and included studies on the use of TENS in healthy adults or those with compromised voice and/or sw allowing function. RESULTS: After the search and extraction of studies, the following were identified: TENS + VOICE: 7 articles; TENS + SWALLOWING: 5 articles. The studies exhibited medium quality and are heterogeneous, making it difficult to determine their effectiveness and the parameters to be used in future research. There were no statistically significant differences between the use of TENS alone or associated with another therapeutic technique for voice. For swallowing function, one study proved better results in cases of associated techniques - TENS + traditional therapy. DISCUSSION: Speech therapy should increase the number of studies published and improve their methodological quality, reassessing methodological criteria. Current clinical practice is not grounded in evidence-based science. CLINICAL MESSAGE: the studies analyzed exhibited medium methodological quality; there are variations in the time, number and periodicity of the therapeutic sessions for TENS; t here were no statistically significant differences between the use of TENS alone or associated with another therapeutic technique in voice; there were statistically significant differences between the use of TENS associated with traditional therapeutic in swallowing function. PMID:34587375 | DOI:10.1002/cre2.470 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Infant repetition effects and change detection: Are they related to adaptive skills?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Infant repetition effects and change detection: Are they related to adaptive skills? Via cortical auditory Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15475. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Repetition effects and change detection response have been proposed as neuro-electrophysiological correlates of fundamental learning processes. As such, they could be a good predictor of brain maturation and cognitive development. We recorded high density EEG in 71 healthy infants (32 females) aged between 3 and 9 months while they listened to vowel sequences [standard/a/a/a/i/ (80%) and deviant/a/a/a/a/ (20%)]. Adaptive skills, a surrogate of cognitive development, were measured via the parent form of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition (ABAS-II). Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) analyses, time-frequency analyses and a statistical approach using linear mixed models (LMM) and linear regression models were performed. Age and adaptive skills were tested as predictors. Age modulation of repetition effects and change detection respon se was observed in theta (3-5Hz), alpha (5-10Hz), and high gamma (80-90Hz) oscillations and in all CAEPs. Moreover, adaptive skills modulation of repetition effects was evidenced in theta (3-5Hz), high gamma oscillations (80-90Hz), N250/P350 peak-to-peak amplitude and P350 latency. Finally, adaptive skills modulation of change detection response was observed in the N250/P350 peak-to-peak amplitude. Our results confirm that repetition effects and change detection response evolve with age. Moreover, our results suggest that repetition effects and change detection response vary according to adaptive skills displayed by infants during the first year of life, demonstrating their predictive value for neurodevelopment. PMID:34585451 | DOI:10.1111/ejn.15475 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Aged and Young Mice Differentially Respond to Tape‐Stripping in Epidermal Gene Expression

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Aged and Young Mice Differentially Respond to Tape‐Stripping in Epidermal Gene Expression Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Disruption of epidermal permeability induces an increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression and release, stimulation of epidermal lipid and DNA synthesis, and expression of antimicrobial peptides. Although alterations in epidermal function in the aged skin are known, whether the epidermal transcriptomic responses to barrier disruption differ between aged and young mice remains unknown. Here we performed RNA sequencing of the epidermis in 2-month- vs. 20-month-old mice following barrier disruption with repeated tape-stripping. At baseline condition, the epidermis of 20-month-old mice displayed an upregulation of inflammation-associated genes and down-regulation of epidermal structure- and development-related genes in comparison to 2-month-old mice. Barrier disruption upregulated expression levels of 327 genes and downregulated 209 genes in 2-month-old mice. In 20-month-old mice, the numbers of upregulated and down-regulated genes were 537 and 299, respectively. In comparison to young mice, the prominent upregulated genes in the 20-month-old mice were associated with IL-17 signaling pathway, while downregulated genes were mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. These results indicate that inflammation-associated signaling pathways are upregulated, while epidermal structure- and development-related genes are downregulated in the epidermis of aged mice, with further aggravation following barrier disruption, suggesting the importance of improving epidermal function in the elderly. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The hair follicle‐psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The hair follicle‐psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract It has long been known that there is a special affinity of psoriasis for the scalp: Here, it occurs most frequently, lesions terminate sharply in frontal skin beyond the hair line and are difficult to treat. Yet, surprisingly, scalp psoriasis only rarely causes alopecia, even though the pilosebaceous unit clearly is affected. Here, we systematically explore the peculiar, insufficiently investigated connection between psoriasis and growing (anagen) terminal scalp hair follicles (HFs), with emphasis on shared regulatory mechanism and therapeutic targets. Interestingly, several drugs and stressors that can trigger/aggravate psoriasis can inhibit hair growth (e.g. beta-blockers, chloroquine, carbamazepine, interferon-alpha, perceived stress). Instead, several anti-psoriatic agents can stimulate hair growth (e.g., cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, dithranol, UV irradiation), while skin/HF trauma (Köbner phenomenon/depilation) favors the development of psoriatic lesions and induces anagen in "quiescent" (telogen) HFs. On this basis, we propose two interconnected working models: a) the existence of a bidirectional "hair follicle-psoriasis axis", along which keratinocytes of anagen scalp HFs secrete signals that favor the development and maintenance of psoriatic scalp lesions and respond to signals from these lesions, and b) that anagen induction and psoriatic lesions share molecular "switch-on" mechanisms, which invite pharmacological targeting, once identified. Therefore, we advocate a novel, cross-fertilizing and integrative approach to psoriasis and hair research that systematically characterizes the "HF-psoriasis axis", focused on identification and therapeutic targeting of selected, shared signaling pathways in the future management of both, psoriasis and hair growth disorders. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Restoration of High Frequency Auditory Perception After Robot-Assisted or Manual Cochlear Implantation in Profoundly Deaf Adults Improves Speech Recognition

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Restoration of High Frequency Auditory Perception After Robot-Assisted or Manual Cochlear Implantation in Profoundly Deaf Adults Improves Speech Recognition Via oto-rhino-laryngologie Front Surg. 2021 Sep 10;8:729736. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.729736. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Background and Purpose: Robot-assisted cochlear implantation has recently been implemented in clinical practice; however, its effect on hearing outcomes is unknown. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate hearing performance 1 year post-implantation whether the electrode array was inserted manually or assisted by a robot. Methods: Forty-two profoundly deaf adults were implanted either manually (n = 21) or assisted by a robot (RobOtol®, Collin, Bagneux, France) with three different electrode array types. Participants were paired by age, and electrode array type. The scalar position of the electrode array in the cochlea was assessed by 3D reconstruction from the pre- and post-implantation computed tomography. Pure-tone audiometry and speech perception in silence (percentage of disyllabic words at 60 dB) were tested on the implanted ear 1 year post-implantation in free-field conditions. The pure-tone average was calculated at 250-500-750 Hz, 500-1,000-2,000-3,000 Hz, and 3,000-4,000-8,000 Hz for low, mid, and high frequencies, respectively. Results: One year after cochlear implantation, restoration of the high-frequency thresholds was associated with better speech perception in silence, but not with low or mid frequencies (p < 0.0001; Adjusted R 2 = 0.64, polynomial non-linear regression). Although array translocation was similar using either technique, the number of translocated electrodes was lower when the electrode arrays had been inserted with the assistance of the robot compared with manual insertion (p = 0.018; Fisher's exact test). Conclusion: The restoration of high-frequency thresholds (3,000-4,000-8,000 Hz) by cochlear implantation was associated with good speech perception in silence. The numbers of translocated electrodes were reduced afte r a robot-assisted insertion. PMID:34568420 | PMC:PMC8461256 | DOI:10.3389/fsurg.2021.729736 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The correlation between neonatal parameters and late‐onset inner ear disorders in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: an 10‐year population‐based cohort study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The correlation between neonatal parameters and late‐onset inner ear disorders in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: an 10‐year population‐based cohort study Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Objective To evaluate the correlation of neonatal parameters with late-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and vestibular dysfunction in individuals with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting The whole Taiwanese population. Participants Patients with related diagnostic codes and examinations in their records were regarded as having cCMV infection. Each subject in that group was matched to 10 control individuals with noncongenital CMV infection on the basis of several neonatal parameters, including low gestational age, low birth weight, low Apgar score, maternal history of CMV infection and prolonged cCMV infection. A total of 5,893 and 58,930 participants were enrolled in the study and control groups, respectively. Main outcome measures The main outcomes were the development of SNHL and the development of vestibular dysfunction within one year after birth as reflected by diagnostic codes and specific examinations. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each primary outcome between the two groups. Results Overall, 109 and 397 episodes of SNHL developed in the study group and the control group, respectively, and the study group demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of SNHL (adjusted HR: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.07–3.18). In addition, similar incidence rates of vestibular dysfunction were found in the study group and the control group, with 7 and 90 events, respectively (adjusted HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.36–1.67). In subgroup analyses, a higher incidence of SNHL was correlated with lower gestational age (GA) (adjusted HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.29–3.39), lower birth weight (BW) (adjusted HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.28–3.30), and prolonged cCMV infection (adjusted HR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.95–7.88). Conclusions Low GA, low BW and a long disease course are significantly correlated with late-onset SNHL in cCMV infection. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Morphological Changes in Nasal Mucosa in Patients with Sarcoidosis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Morphological Changes in Nasal Mucosa in Patients with Sarcoidosis Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract •Changes in the microvascular network of the nasal mucosa may be accompanied by changes in olfaction. •Contact endoscopic changes in the microvascular network of the nasal mucosa may be used as a marker of sinonasal sarcoidosis. •A modified version of the Negoro's classification, in use for the tongue mucosa, may be used for the classification of contact endoscopic microvascular patterns of the nasal mucosa in patients with sarcoidosis •The validation of the use of the vascular patterns of nasal mucosa on contact endoscopy as a marker of nasal disease activity is a major future research challenge •Contact endoscopy emerges as a promising technique for on-site diagnosis of early, advanced or late inflammatory mucosal spots or generalized mucosal affection in sarcoidosis. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.