CHECK UP ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ,ΒΑΣΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΠΑΙΔΙΑ κ' ΕΝΗΛΙΚΕΣ,Ελληνικά Αλλεργιογόνα

ΒΑΣΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΠΑΙΔΙΑ κ' ΕΝΗΛΙΚΕΣ
E1 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΓΑΤΑΣ (Felis domesticus)
F2 ΓΑΛΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
F4 ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
F14 ΣΟΓΙΑ (Glycine max - Soja hispida)
F1 ΑΣΠΡΑΔΙ ΑΥΓΟΥ
F75 KΡΟΚΟΣ AΥΓΟΥ
D1 DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS
D2 DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE
D3 DERMATOPHAGOIDES MICROCERAS
G6 ΦΛΕΟΝ ΤΟ ΛΕΙΜΩΝΙΟΝ / ΤΡΙΦΥΛΛΙ (Phleum pretense)
ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΣΕ ΕΙΣΠΝΕΟΜΕΝΑ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΑ
D1 DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS
D2 DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE
D3 DERMATOPHAGOIDES MICROCERAS
G6 ΦΛΕΟΝ ΤΟ ΛΕΙΜΩΝΙΟΝ / ΤΡΙΦΥΛΛΙ (Phleum pretense)
E1 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΓΑΤΑΣ (Felis domesticus)
E5 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΣΚΥΛΟΥ (Canis familiaris)
M2 Cladosporium herbarum
M3 Aspergillus fumigatus
M6 Alternaria alternata
W1 ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ ΚΟΙΝΗ (Ambrosia elatior)
T3 ΣΗΜΥΔΑ (Betula verrucosa)



CHECK UP ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ
ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΣΕ ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ
F1 ΑΣΠΡΑΔΙ ΑΥΓΟΥ
F75 KΡΟΚΟΣ AΥΓΟΥ
F2 ΓΑΛΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ
F78 KΑΖΕΪΝΗ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΣ
F26 XΟΙΡΙΝΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Sus sp.)
F27 ΜΟΣΧΑΡΙΣΙΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Bos sp.)
F83 ΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟ (Gallus sp.)
F4 ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
F5 ΣΙΚΑΛΗ (Secale cereal)
F8 ΚΑΛΑΜΠΟΚΙ (Zea mays)
F9 ΡΥΖΙ (Oryza sativa)
F14 ΣΟΓΙΑ (Glycine max - Soja hispida)
F15 ΦΑΣΟΛΙ ΑΣΠΡΟ (Phaseolus vulgaris)
F25 NΤΟΜΑΤΑ (Lycopersicon lycopersicum)
F31 ΚΑΡΟΤΟ (Daucus carota)
F35 ΠΑΤΑΤΑ (Solanum tuberosum)
F48 KΡΕΜΜΥΔΙ (Allium cepa)
F85 ΣΕΛΙΝΟ (Apium graveolens)
F216 ΛΑΧΑΝΟ (Brassica oleracea capitata)
F49 MΗΛΟ (Malus domestica)
F92 MΠΑΝΑΝΑ (Musa sp.)
F33 ΠΟΡΤΟΚΑΛΙ (Citrus sinensis)
F95 ΡΟΔΑΚΙΝΟ (Prunus persica)
F44 ΦΡΑΟΥΛΑ (Fragaria vesca)
F20 AΜΥΓΔΑΛΟ (Amygdalus communis)
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
F17 ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΚΙ (Corylus avellana)
F256 ΚΑΡΥΔΙ (Juglans regia)
F45 MΑΓΙΑ (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F93 KΑΚΑΟ (Theobroma cacao)
F3 ΜΠΑΚΑΛΙΑΡΟΣ (Gadus morhua)
F24 ΓΑΡΙΔΑ (Pandalus borealis)
F41 ΣΟΛΩΜΟΣ (Salmo salar)
F40 TOΝΟΣ (Thunnus albacares)

ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΣΕ ΞΗΡΟΥΣ ΚΑΡΠΟΥΣ
F10 ΣΟΥΣΑΜΙ (Sesamum indicum)
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
F17 ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΚΙ (Corylus avellana)
F18 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΒΡΑΖΙΛΙΑΝΙΚΟ (Bertholletia excelsa)
F20 AΜΥΓΔΑΛΟ (Amygdalus communis)
F183 ΗΛΙΟΣΠΟΡΟΣ (Helianthus annuus)
F201 ΠΕΚΑΝ (Carya illinoensis)
F202 ΚΑΣΙΟΥΣ (Anacardium occidentale)
F203 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΚΕΛΥΦΩΤΟ (Pistacia vera)
F256 ΚΑΡΥΔΙ (Juglans regia)
ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΣΕ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΚΑ
F4 ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
F5 ΣΙΚΑΛΗ (Secale cereal)
F6 ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙ (Hordeum vulgare)
F7 ΒΡΩΜΗ (Avena sativa)

ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΑΣ ΚΡΗΤΩΝ
M6 Alternaria alternata
E1 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΓΑΤΑΣ (Felis domesticus)
F1 ΑΣΠΡΑΔΙ ΑΥΓΟΥ
F2 ΓΑΛΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
D1 DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS
D2 DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE
D3 DERMATOPHAGOIDES MICROCERAS
G5 ΗΡΑ ΠΟΛΥΕΤΗΣ (Lolium perenne)
G6 ΦΛΕΟΝ ΤΟ ΛΕΙΜΩΝΙΟΝ / ΤΡΙΦΥΛΛΙ (Phleum pretense)
T9 ΕΛΙΑ (Olea europaea)

ΚΑΤΑΛΟΓΟΣ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΩΝ

ΓΥΡΗ ΠΟΩΔΩΝ ΦΥΤΩΝ (GRASS POLLENS)
G1 ΑΝΘΟΞΑΝΘΟ / ΧΛΟΗ (Anthoxanthum odoratum)
G2 ΑΓΡΙΑΔΑ (Cynodon dactylon)
G3 ΔΑΚΤΥΛΙΔΑ / ΧΛΟΗ ΚΗΠΟΥ (Dactylis glomerata)
G4 ΧΛΟΗ ΛΙΒΑΔΙΟΥ / ΦΕΣΤΟΥΚΑ (Festuca elatior)
G5 ΗΡΑ ΠΟΛΥΕΤΗΣ (Lolium perenne)
G6 ΦΛΕΟΝ ΤΟ ΛΕΙΜΩΝΙΟΝ / ΤΡΙΦΥΛΛΙ (Phleum pretense)
G7 ΚΑΛΑΜΙ (Phragmites communis)
G8 ΛΕΙΒΑΔΟΠΟΑ ΛΕΙΑ (Poa pratensis)
G9 ΑΓΡΩΣΤΗ (Agrostis stolonifera)
G10 ΒΕΛΙΟΥΡΑΣ / ΣΟΡΓΟΝ (Sorghum halepense)
G11 AΓΡΙΟΒΡΩΜΗ (Bromus inermis)
G12 ΚΑΛΛΙΕΡΓΟΥΜΕΝΗ ΣΙΚΑΛΗ (Secale cereale)
G13 ΟΛΚΟΣ ΤΡΙΧΩΤΟΣ (Holcus lanatus)
G14 ΚΑΛΛΙΕΡΓΟΥΜΕΝΗ ΒΡΩΜΗ (Avena sativa)
G15 ΚΑΛΛΙΕΡΓΟΥΜΕΝΟ ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
G16 ΑΛΩΠΕΚΟΥΡΟΣ (Alopecurus pratensis)
G17 ΠΑΣΠΑΛΟΣ (Paspalum notatum)
G70 ΕΛΥΜΟΣ (Elymus triticoides)
G71 ΦΑΛΑΡΗ (Phalaris arundinacea)
G201 ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙ (Hordeum vulgare)
G202 ΚΑΛΑΜΠΟΚΙ (Zea mays)
G203 ΑΛΑΤΟΧΟΡΤΟ (Distichlis spicata)
G204 ΒΡΩΜΗ Η ΥΨΗΛΗ (Arrhenatherum elatius)

ΓΥΡΗ ΑΓΡΙΟΧΟΡΤΩΝ-ΖΙΖΑΝΙΩΝ (WEED POLLENS)
W1 ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ ΚΟΙΝΗ (Ambrosia elatior)
W2 ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ ΔΥΤΙΚΗ (Ambrosia psilostachya)
W3 ΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ (Ambrosia trifida)
W4 ΨΕΥΔΟΑΜΒΡΟΣΙΑ (Franseria acanthicarpa)
W5 ΑΨΙΘΙΑ (Artemisia absinthium)
W6 ΑΡΤΕΜΙΣΙΑ (Artemisia vulgaris)
W7 ΜΑΡΓΑΡΙΤΑ (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)
W8 ΑΓΡΙΟΡΑΔΙΚΟ (Taraxacum vulgare)
W9 ΠΕΝΤΑΝΕΥΡΟ (Plantago lanceolata)
W10 ΛΟΥΒΟΥΔΙΑ (Chenopodium album)
W11 RUSSIAN THISTLE (Salsola kali)
W12 ΧΡΥΣΟΒΕΡΓΑ (Solidago virgaurea)
W13 ΞΑΝΘΙΟ (Xanthium commune)
W14 ΑΜΑΡΑΝΘΟΣ (Amaranthus retroflexus)
W16 ROUGH MARSH ELDER (Iva ciliata)
W17 ΚΟΧΙΑ (Kochia scoparia)
W18 ΛΑΠΑΘΟ (Rumex acetosa)
W19 ΠΕΡΔΙΚΑΚΙ (Parietaria officinalis)
W20 ΤΣΟΥΚΝΙΔΑ (Urtica dioica)
W21 ΠΕΡΔΙΚΑΚΙ (Parietaria judaica)
W22 ΑΣΙΑΤΙΚΟΣ ΛΥΚΙΣΚΟΣ (Humulus scandens)
W23 ΑΓΡΙΟΛΑΠΑΘΟ (Rumex crispus)
W45 ΜΗΔΙΚΗ (Medicago sativa)
W46 ΕΥΠΑΤΟΡΙΟ (Eupatorium capillifolium)
W82 ΑΜΑΡΑΝΘΟΣ PALMER (Amaranthus palmeri)
W203 ΕΛΑΙΟΚΡΑΜΒΗ (Brassica napus)
W204 ΗΛΙΑΝΘΟΣ (Helianthus annuus)
W206 ΧΑΜΟΜΗΛΙ (Matricaria chamomilla)
W207 ΛΟΥΠΙΝΟ (Lupinus sp.)
W210 ΖΑΧΑΡΟΤΕΥΤΛΟ (Beta vulgaris)

ΓΥΡΗ ΔΕΝΤΡΩΝ (TREE POLLENS)
T1 ΣΦΕΝΔΑΜΟΣ (Acer negundo)
T2 ΑΛΝΟΣ / ΣΚΛΗΘΡΑ (Alnus incana)
T3 ΣΗΜΥΔΑ (Betula verrucosa)
T4 ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΚΙΑ (Corylus avellana)
T5 ΑΜΕΡΙΚΑΝΙΚΗ ΟΞΙΑ (Fagus grandifolia)
T6 ΚΕΔΡΟΣ ΒΟΥΝΟΥ / ΑΡΚΕΥΘΟΣ (Juniperus sabina)
T7 ΔΡΥΣ / ΒΕΛΑΝΙΔΙΑ (Quercus alba)
T8 ΦΤΕΛΙΑ (Ulmus americana)
T9 ΕΛΙΑ (Olea europaea)
T10 ΚΑΡΥΔΙΑ (Juglans californica)
T11 ΠΛΑΤΑΝΟS (Platanus acerifolia)
T12 IΤΙΑ (Salix caprea)
T14 ΛΕΥΚΑ (Populus deltoides)
T15 ΜΕΛΙΑ / ΦΡΑΞΟΣ (Fraxinus americana)
T16 ΛΕΥΚΟ ΠΕΥΚΟ (Pinus strobus)
T17 ΙΑΠΩΝΙΚΟΣ ΚΕΔΡΟΣ (Cryptomeria japonica)
T18 ΕΥΚΑΛΥΠΤΟΣ (Eucalyptus sp.)
T19 ΑΚΑΚΙΑ (Acacia longifolia)
T20 ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΣ (Prosopis juliflora)
T21 ΜΑΛΑΛΕΥΚΗ (Melaleuca leucadendron)
T23 ΚΥΠΑΡΙΣΣΙ (Cupressus sempervirens)
T25 ΦΡΑΞΟΣ (Fraxinus excelsior)
T37 ΦΑΛΑΚΡΟ ΚΥΠΑΡΙΣΣΙ (Taxodium distichum)
T44 ΜΕΛΙΚΟΚΙΑ / ΚΕΛΤΙΣ (Celtis occidentalis)
T45 ΦΤΕΛΙΑ ΠΑΧΥΦΥΛΛΗ (Ulmus crassifolia)
T56 ΜΥΡΙΚΗ (Myrica cerifera)
T70 ΜΟΥΡΙΑ ΛΕΥΚΗ (Morus alba)
T71 ΜΟΥΡΙΑ ΕΡΥΘΡΗ (Morus rubra)
T72 ΚΟΚΟΦΟΙΝΙΚΑΣ (Arecastrum romanzoffianum)
T73 ΑΥΣΤΡΑΛΙΑΝΟ ΠΕΥΚΟ (Casuarina equisetifolia)
T201 ΕΡΥΘΡΕΛΑΤΗ (Picea abies)
T203 ΑΓΡΙΟΚΑΣΤΑΝΙΑ (Aesculus hippocastanum)
T205 ΚΟΥΦΟΞΥΛΙΑ (Sambucus nigra)
T206 ΚΑΣΤΑΝΙΑ (Castanea sativa)
T207 ΨΕΥΔΟΤΣΟΥΓΚΑ (Pseudotsuga taxifolia)
T208 ΦΛΑΜΟΥΡΙΑ (Tilia cordata)
T209 ΓΑΥΡΟΣ (Carpinus betulus)
T210 ΛΙΓΟΥΣΤΡΟ (Ligustrum vulgare)
T212 ΚΑΛΟΚΕΔΡΟΣ (Libocedrus decurrens)
T213 ΠΕΥΚΟ ΚΑΛΙΦΟΡΝΙΑΣ (Pinus radiata)
T214 ΦΟΙΝΙΚΑΣ ΚΑΝΑΡΙΟΣ (Phoenix canariensis)
T217 ΣΧΙΝΟΣ / ΨΕΥΔΟΠΙΠΕΡΙΑ (Schinus molle)
T222 ΚΥΠΑΡΙΣΣΙ ΑΡΙΖΟΝΑΣ (Cupressus arizonica)
T223 ΕΛΑΪΣ ΓΟΥΙΝΕΑΣ (Elaeis guineensis)

ΖΥΜΕΣ & ΜΥΚΗΤΕΣ
M1 Penicillium notatum
M2 Cladosporium herbarum
M3 Aspergillus fumigatus
M4 Mucor racemosus
M5 Candida albicans
M6 Alternaria alternata
M7 Botrytis cinerae
M8 Helminthosporium halodes
M9 Fusarium moniliforme
M10 Stemphylium botryosum
M11 Rhizopus nigricans
M12 Aureobasidium pullulans
M13 Phomae betae
M14 Epicoccum purpurascens
M15 Trichoderma viride
M16 Curvularia lunata

ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ
P1 ΑΣΚΑΡΙΔΑ (Ascaris sp.)
P2 ΕΧΙΝΟΚΟΚΚΟΣ (Echinococcus sp.)

ΖΩΙΚΑ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΑ
E1 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΓΑΤΑΣ (Felis domesticus)
E3 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΑΛΟΓΟΥ (Equus caballus)
E4 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ (Bos taurus)
E5 ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ ΣΚΥΛΟΥ (Canis familiaris)
E6 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΙΝΔΙΚΟΥ ΧΟΙΡΙΔΙΟΥ (Cavia porcellus)
E7 ΠΕΡΙΤΤΩΜΑΤΑ ΠΕΡΙΣΤΕΡΙΟΥ (Columba sp.)
E70 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΧΗΝΑΣ (Anser anser)
E71 EΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ (Mus sp.)
E72 ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΕΣ ΟΥΡΩΝ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ (Mus sp.)
E73 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΑΡΟΥΡΑΙΟΥ (Rattus sp.)
E74 ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΕΣ ΟΥΡΩΝ ΑΡΟΥΡΑΙΟΥ (Rattus sp.)
E75 ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΕΣ ΟΡΟΥ ΑΡΟΥΡΑΙΟΥ (Rattus sp.)
E76 ΠΡΩΤΕΪΝΕΣ ΟΡΟΥ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ (Mus sp.)
E78 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΠΑΠΑΓΑΛΟΥ (Melopsittacus undulates)
E80 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΚΑΤΣΙΚΑΣ (Capra hircus)
E81 EΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΥ (Ovis sp.)
E82 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΚΟΥΝΕΛΙΟΥ (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
E83 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΓΟΥΡΟΥΝΙΟΥ (Sus domestica)
E84 ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΟ ΧΑΜΣΤΕΡ (Cricetus sp., Mesocricetus sp.,Phodopus sp.)
E85 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ (Gallus domesticus)
E86 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΠΑΠΙΑΣ (Anas platyrhynca)
E89 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΓΑΛΟΠΟΥΛΑΣ (Meleagris gallopavo)
E201 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΚΑΝΑΡΙΝΙΟΥ (Serinus canaries)
E215 ΦΤΕΡΑ ΠΕΡΙΣΤΕΡΙΟΥ (Columba livia)

ΑΚΑΡΕΑ ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗΣ ΣΚΟΝΗΣ
D1 DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS
D2 DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAE
D3 DERMATOPHAGOIDES MICROCERAS
D70 ACARUS SIRUS
D71 LEPIDOGLYPHUS DESTRUCTOR
D72 TYROPHAGUS PUTRESCENTIAE
D73 GLYCYPHAGUS DOMESTICUS
D74 EUROGLYPHUS MAYNEI

ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ
H1 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / GREER LABS INC
H2 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / HOLLISTER -STIER LABS
H3 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / ΒENCARD
H4 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / ALLERGOPHARMA
H6 ΟΙΚΙΑΚΗ ΣΚΟΝΗ / JAPAN

ΕΝΤΟΜΑ & ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΑ ΕΝΤΟΜΩΝ
I1 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΜΕΛΙΣΣΑΣ (Apis mellifera)
I2 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΛΕΥΚΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΗΣ (Dolichovespula maculata)
I3 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΚΟΙΝΗΣ (Vespula sp.)
I4 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΧΑΡΤΙΟΥ (Polistes annularis)
I5 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΚΙΤΡΙΝΗΣ (Dolichovespula arenaria)
I6 ΚΑΤΣΑΡΙΔΑ (Blatella germanica)
I70 ΜΥΡΜΗΓΚΙ (Solenopsis invicta)
I71 ΚΟΥΝΟΥΠΙ (Aedes communis)
I75 ΔΗΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ ΣΦΗΚΑΣ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗΣ (Vespa crabro)
I204 ΑΛΟΓΟΜΥΓΑ (Tabanus sp.)

ΦΑΡΜΑΚΑ
C1 ΠΕΝΙΚΙΛΛΙΝΗ G (Penicilloyl G)
C2 ΠΕΝΙΚΙΛΛΙΝΗ V (Penicilloyl V)
C5 ΑΜΠΙΚΙΛΛΙΝΗ (Ampicillin)
C6 ΑΜΟΞΙΚΙΛΛΙΝΗ (Amoxicillin)
C7 ΚΕΦΑΚΛΟΡΗ (Cephaclor)
C70 ΙΝΣΟΥΛΙΝΗ ΧΟΙΡΕΙΟΣ (Insulin, pig)
C71 ΙΝΣΟΥΛΙΝΗ ΒΟΕΙΟΣ (Insulin, bovine)
C73 ΙΝΣΟΥΛΙΝΗ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΗ (Insulin, human)
C209 ΧΥΜΟΠΑΠΑΪΝΗ (Chymopapain)

ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΑ
K1 ΑΚΡΥΛΙΚΟ
K2 ΒΑΜΒΑΚΙ (ΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΣΜΕΝΟ)
K3 ΒΑΜΒΑΚΙ (ΑΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΣΤΟ)
K16 ΛΙΝΟ
K17 ΝΑΥΛΟΝ
K20 ΜΑΛΛΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΥ (ΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΣΜΕΝΟ)
K21 ΜΑΛΛΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΥ (ΑΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΣΤΟ)
K25 ΤΕΡΙΛΕΝ (ΤERYLENE)
K73 ΜΕΤΑΞΙ (Bombyx mori)
K75 ΙΣΟΚΥΑΝΙΚΟ ΑΛΑΣ TDI
K78 ΟΞΕΙΔΙΟ ΤΟΥ ΑΙΘΥΛΕΝΙΟΥ
K80 ΦΟΡΜΑΛΔΕΫΔΗ
K82 LATEX
K83 ΒΑΜΒΑΚΙ (ΣΠΟΡΟΙ)

ΔΙΑΦΟΡΑ ΑΛΛΕΡΓΙΟΓΟΝΑ
O70 ΣΠΕΡΜΑΤΙΚΟ ΠΛΑΣΜΑ

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΦΡΟΥΤΑ
F33 ΠΟΡΤΟΚΑΛΙ (Citrus sinensis)
F44 ΦΡΑΟΥΛΑ (Fragaria vesca)
F49 MΗΛΟ (Malus domestica)
F84 AΚΤΙΝΙΔΙΟ (Actinidia deliciosa)
F87 ΠΕΠΟΝΙ (Cucumis melo)
F91 ΜΑΝΓΚΟ (Mangifera indica)
F92 MΠΑΝΑΝΑ (Musa sp.)
F94 ΑΧΛΑΔΙ (Pyrus communis)
F95 ΡΟΔΑΚΙΝΟ (Prunus persica)
F162 ΝΕΚΤΑΡΙΝΙ (Prunus persica v. nectarina)
F208 ΛΕΜΟΝΙ (Citrus limon)
F209 ΓΚΡΕΪΠΦΡΟΥΤ (Citrus paradisi)
F210 ΑΝΑΝΑΣ (Ananas comosus)
F211 ΜΑΥΡΟ ΜΟΥΡΟ (Rubus fruticosus)
F237 ΒΕΡΥΚΟΚΟ (Prunus armeniaca)
F242 KΕΡΑΣΙ (Prunus avium)
F255 ΔΑΜΑΣΚΗΝΟ (Prunus domestica)
F259 ΣΤΑΦΥΛΙ (Vitis venifera)
F288 ΜΥΡΤΙΛΛΟ (Vaccinium myrtillis)
F293 ΠΑΠΑΓΙΑ (Carica papaya)
F302 ΜΑΝΤΑΡΙΝΙ (Citrus reticulata)
F328 ΣΥΚΟ (Ficus carica)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΛΑΧΑΝΙΚΑ
F12 AΡΑΚΑΣ (Pisum sativum)
F25 NΤΟΜΑΤΑ (Lycopersicon lycopersicum)
F31 ΚΑΡΟΤΟ (Daucus carota)
F35 ΠΑΤΑΤΑ (Solanum tuberosum)
F47 ΣΚΟΡΔΟ (Allium sativum)
F48 KΡΕΜΜΥΔΙ (Allium cepa)
F51 ΜΠΑΜΠΟΥ ΒΛΑΣΤΟΣ (Phyllostachys pubescens)
F85 ΣΕΛΙΝΟ (Apium graveolens)
F96 ΑΒΟΚΑΝΤΟ (Persea americana)
F214 ΣΠΑΝΑΚΙ (Spinachia oleracea)
F215 MΑΡΟΥΛΙ (Lactuca sativa)
F216 ΛΑΧΑΝΟ (Brassica oleracea capitata)
F217 ΛΑΧΑΝΑΚΙ ΒΡΥΞΕΛΛΩΝ (Brassica oleracea gemmifera)
F225 ΚΟΛΟΚΥΘΑ (Curcubita pepo)
F244 ΑΓΓΟΥΡΙ (Cucumis sativum)
F260 ΜΠΡΟΚΟΛΟ (Brassica oleracea italica)
F261 ΣΠΑΡΑΓΓΙ (Asparagus officinalis)
F262 ΜΕΛΙΤΖΑΝΑ (Solanum melongena)
F276 ΜΑΡΑΘΟΣ (Foeniculum vulgare)
F291 ΚΟΥΝΟΥΠΙΔΙ (Brassica oleracea botrytis)
F315 ΦΑΣΟΛΙ ΠΡΑΣΙΝΟ (Phaseolus vulgaris)
F319 ΠΑΝΤΖΑΡΙ (Beta vulgaris)
F358 ΑΓΓΙΝΑΡΑ (Cynara scolymus)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΚΑ
F4 ΣΙΤΑΡΙ (Triticum aestivum)
F5 ΣΙΚΑΛΗ (Secale cereal)
F6 ΚΡΙΘΑΡΙ (Hordeum vulgare)
F7 ΒΡΩΜΗ (Avena sativa)
F8 ΚΑΛΑΜΠΟΚΙ (Zea mays)
F9 ΡΥΖΙ (Oryza sativa)
F11 ΦΑΓΟΠΥΡΟ (Fagopyrum esculentum)
F79 ΓΛΟΥΤΕΝΗ
F90 ΒΥΝΗ

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΞΗΡΟΙ ΚΑΡΠΟΙ
F10 ΣΟΥΣΑΜΙ (Sesamum indicum)
F13 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΑΡΑΠΙΚΟ (Arachis hypogaea)
F17 ΦΟΥΝΤΟΥΚΙ (Corylus avellana)
F18 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΒΡΑΖΙΛΙΑΝΙΚΟ (Bertholletia excelsa)
F20 AΜΥΓΔΑΛΟ (Amygdalus communis)
F36 KΑΡΥΔΑ (Cocos nucifera)
F183 ΗΛΙΟΣΠΟΡΟΣ (Helianthus annuus)
F201 ΠΕΚΑΝ (Carya illinoensis)
F202 ΚΑΣΙΟΥΣ (Anacardium occidentale)
F203 ΦΥΣΤΙΚΙ ΚΕΛΥΦΩΤΟ (Pistacia vera)
F256 ΚΑΡΥΔΙ (Juglans regia)
F299 ΚΑΣΤΑΝΟ (Castanea sativa)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΟΣΠΡΙΑ
F14 ΣΟΓΙΑ (Glycine max - Soja hispida)
F15 ΦΑΣΟΛΙ ΑΣΠΡΟ (Phaseolus vulgaris)
F235 ΦΑΚΕΣ (Lens esculenta)
F309 ΡΕΒΙΘΙ (Cicer arietinus)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΜΠΑΧΑΡΙΚΑ
F86 MΑΙΝΤΑΝΟΣ (Petroselinum crispum)
F89 MOΥΣΤΑΡΔΑ (Brassica / Sinapis sp.)
F218 ΠΑΠΡΙΚΑ (Capsicum annuum)
F234 BΑΝΙΛΙΑ (Vanilla planifolia)
F277 ΑΝΙΘΟΣ (Anethum graveolens)
F281 ΚΑΡΥ
F332 ΜΕΝΤΑ (Mentha piperita)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΘΑΛΑΣΣΙΝΑ
F3 ΜΠΑΚΑΛΙΑΡΟΣ (Gadus morhua)
F23 KΑΒΟΥΡΙ (Cancer pagurus)
F24 ΓΑΡΙΔΑ (Pandalus borealis)
F37 MΥΔΙ (Mytilus edulis)
F40 TOΝΟΣ (Thunnus albacares)
F41 ΣΟΛΩΜΟΣ (Salmo salar)
F59 ΧΤΑΠΟΔΙ (Octopus vulgaris)
F80 ΑΣΤΑΚΟΣ (Homarus gammarus)
F204 ΠΕΣΤΡΟΦΑ (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
F205 ΡΕΓΓΑ (Clupea harengus)
F258 ΚΑΛΑΜΑΡΙ (Loligo sp.)
F264 ΧΕΛΙ (Anguilla anguilla)
F290 ΣΤΡΕΙΔΙ (Ostrea edulis)
F303 ΙΠΠΟΓΛΩΣΣΟΣ (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)
F308 ΣΑΡΔΕΛΑ (Sardina pilchardus)
F313 ΑΝΤΖΟΥΓΙΑ (Engraulis encrasicolus)
F314 ΣΑΛΙΓΓΑΡΙ (Helix aspersa)
F320 ΚΑΡΑΒΙΔΑ (Astacus astacus)
F333 ΚΥΠΡΙΝΟΣ (Cyprinus sp.)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΚΟΜΙΚΑ
F2 ΓΑΛΑ ΑΓΕΛΑΔΟΣ
F76 Α-ΛΑΚΤΑΛΒΟΥΜΙΝΗ
F77 Β-ΛΑΚΤΟΣΦΑΙΡΙΝΗ
F78 KΑΖΕΪΝΗ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΣ
F81 TΥΡΙ ΤΥΠΟΥ ΤΣΕΝΤΑΡ
F82 ΤΥΡΙ ΤΥΠΟΥ ΡΟΚΦΟΡ
F231 ΓΑΛΑ (ΒΡΑΣΜΕΝΟ / UHT)
F300 ΓΑΛΑ ΚΑΤΣΙΚΙΣΙΟ

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΚΡΕΑΤΙΚΑ
F26 XΟΙΡΙΝΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Sus sp.)
F27 ΜΟΣΧΑΡΙΣΙΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Bos sp.)
F83 ΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟ (Gallus sp.)
F88 AΡΝΙΣΙΟ ΚΡΕΑΣ (Ovis sp.)
F284 ΓΑΛΟΠΟΥΛΑ (Meleagris gallopavo)

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΑΒΓΑ
F1 ΑΣΠΡΑΔΙ ΑΥΓΟΥ
F75 KΡΟΚΟΣ AΥΓΟΥ
F245 ΑΥΓΟ ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟ

ΤΡΟΦΙΜΑ – ΔΙΑΦΟΡΑ
F45 MΑΓΙΑ (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F93 KΑΚΑΟ (Theobroma cacao)
F212 ΜΑΝΙΤΑΡΙ (Agaricus hortensis)
F221 ΚΑΦΕΣ (Coffea sp.)
F222 ΤΣΑΙ ΜΑΥΡΟ (Camellia sinensis)
F247 ΜΕΛΙ
F297 ΑΡΑΒΙΚΟ ΚΟΜΜΙ - E414 (Acacia sp.)

Association between loss of Y chromosome and poor prognosis in male head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is more prevalent in men than women and this disparity cannot be fully explained by known risk factors. Recent studies have shown that loss of Y chromosome (LoY) confers an increased risk of solid cancer and reduces life expectancy in men.

Methods

Using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we investigated the prevalence of LoY and its association with clinicopathological features in male HNSCC.

Results

LoY was detectable in around 25% of male HNSCC. Men with human papillomavirus‐negative tumors exhibiting LoY experienced significantly worse overall survival than those with no LoY. Moreover, LoY tumors exhibited overexpression of genes involved in redox processes, including genes previously implicated in resistance to both radiotherapy and cisplatin‐based chemotherapeutics.

Conclusion

LoY may be an indicator of poor prognosis in male HNSCC that is linked to the overexpression of genes associated with resistance to standard care therapies.

http://bit.ly/2V1E61b

Failure patterns of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with radical radiotherapy by intensity modulated radiotherapy technique using focal volume and dosimetric method

Abstract

Background

Labeling locoregional failures in head and neck cancer (HNC) as "local" and "regional" becomes incomplete when treating with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Target delineation and delivery errors, dose in‐homogeneity complicate the assessment of failures. A combination of focal point and dosimetric method might attempt at simplifying failure analysis.

Methods

One hundred eleven patients with locally advanced HNC treated with chemoradiation using IMRT were enrolled. Patients with documented failure had their recurrence volume assessed using focal point and dosimetric method.

Results

With a median follow‐up of 20 (range 0‐39) months and median locoregional control (LRC) of 30 (range 24.8‐34.5) months, the patients had a 3‐year overall survival and LRC of 70.6% and 48.9%, respectively. Of 39 failures, there were 69.2%, 7.6%, 5.1%, 12.8%, and 5.1% type A, B, C, D, and E, respectively using the focal point and dosimetric method.

Conclusion

With the current classification, majority of the recurrences were high dose failures suggesting inherent radioresistance. While minority of failures were potentially preventable and needed modifying existing IMRT workflow.

http://bit.ly/2PZFc9Y

PD‐1 and PD‐L1 in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A substudy of a randomized phase III trial

Abstract

Background

To evaluate the expression of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) by using immunohistochemistry analysis in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients receiving cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

As part of a previously reported trial, 108 patients were enrolled in this study.

Results

We observed that Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) antibody levels were associated with PD‐1 positive staining in NPC and PD‐1 positive staining was identified as an independent prognostic factor for progression‐free survival (hazard ratio 0.363, 95% confidence interval 0.134‐0.987, P = .047). By contrast, the correlation between the PD‐L1 level and hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein was not identified. Moreover, high levels of PD‐L1 staining were not significantly associated with clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

NPC patients with negative PD‐1 staining had a significantly reduced survival outcome. Furthermore, patients with positive PD‐1 staining had significantly higher EBV antibody levels.

http://bit.ly/2V8E1sk

Systematic review on location and timing of distant progression in human papillomavirus‐positive and human papillomavirus‐negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Abstract

Distant progression (DP) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has significant impact on morbidity and mortality. This study systematically reviewed the literature on studies reporting location and timing of DP after human papillomavirus (HPV)+ or HPV− OPSCCs. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies reporting DP in patients treated with curative intend for an OPSCC. Outcome was site of and time to DP stratified on HPV‐status. Seven studies (n = 1564; 77% HPV+) were included in which 313 patients (20%) developed a DP (70% HPV+). The most common site of DP was the lungs (n = 232) regardless of HPV‐status. Patients with HPV+ tumors were more prone to dissemination involving multiple sites (risk ratio = 16.49). There was no difference in time to DP when stratified on HPV‐status (P = .10). The pattern of but not time to DP was significantly different in patients with OPSCC when stratified on HPV‐status.

http://bit.ly/2PWFle5

Prognostic implication of CEACAM1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: Pilot study

Abstract

Background

CEACAM1, a valuable biomarker for several cancers, have remained unexplored up to the present in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We aimed to examine CEACAM1 expression and evaluate its combinational clinical significance for the diagnosis or prognosis and treatment decision making in LSCC.

Methods

CEACAM1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 54 LSCCs and evaluate its correlation with clinical and histopathological features.

Results

CEACAM subtype 1 (CEACAM1) expression was positive in 50% of the cases. No significant difference was observed in relation to age, gender, tumor size, and tumor stage. CEACAM1 expression correlated with tumor grade, development of local recurrence, node and distant metastasis. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that CEACAM1 staining was inversely correlated with both overall and disease‐specific 5‐year survival.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to demonstrate that CEACAM1 expression is associated with an adverse prognosis in LSCC. CEACAM1 is a valuable biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in LSCC.

http://bit.ly/2V8drQg

De‐escalation of post‐treatment surveillance in oropharyngeal cancer

Abstract

Background

The majority of new oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) cases are associated with human papillomavirus and favorable prognosis. Post‐treatment follow‐up should be targeted to patients at greatest risk for disease recurrence.

Methods

To assess the benefits of routine clinical surveillance in OPSCC, we reviewed all follow‐up visits conducted in 2014 at Helsinki University Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology.

Results

Of 366 visits, 26 (7%) were from patients presenting with a new symptom, and disease recurrence was detected in four. The presence of a new symptom was significantly associated with disease recurrence (P < 0.001). Of 366 visits, 340 (93%) were from patients presenting without new symptoms, and not a single recurrence was found during these visits.

Conclusions

Based on our findings, and previous studies assessing the prognosis and pattern of recurrent OPSCC, we concluded that the number of routine post‐treatment visits can be reduced. Follow‐up should rather focus on symptom‐directed examinations.

http://bit.ly/2Q1w98i

High‐risk human papillomavirus detection in oropharyngeal cancers: Comparison of saliva sampling methods

Abstract

Background

Accumulating evidence has suggested the utility of salivary oral rinse as a diagnostic fluid to detect oral human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, but there are many methods for collecting saliva.

Methods

Salivary oral rinse and unstimulated whole mouth saliva samples were collected from 45 oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients.

Results

We show a positive correlation of HPV‐16 E2 (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001) and E6/7 (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) relative copy number as well as HPV genotypes in both sample methods. There was a significant correlation between the two sample methods in the ratio of HPV16 E2 to E6/7 DNA (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). Consistent with previous studies, a mixed HPV‐16 form (episomal and integrated) was commonly found in both saliva and tumor samples.

Conclusion

Detection of HPV in saliva samples collected by either method yielded comparable results, and showed good sensitivity for detection of HPV derived from OPC.

http://bit.ly/2V71HgX

Association between pretreatment obesity, sarcopenia, and survival in patients with head and neck cancer

Abstract

Background

Body mass index (BMI), sarcopenia, and obesity‐related comorbidities have been associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 441 normal‐weight, overweight, and obese HNSCC patients treated at Montefiore Medical Center (New York). Patients were grouped by BMI prior to treatment and assessed for differences in survival adjusting for comorbid conditions (cardiovascular disease and diabetes). Evidence of sarcopenia was also assessed using pretreatment abdominal CT scans in a subset of 113 patients.

Results

Prior to treatment, 55% of HNSCC patients were overweight or obese. Overweight/obese patients had significantly better overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3‐0.6) compared to normal‐weight patients, independent of comorbid conditions. Patients with sarcopenia had significantly poorer survival (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1‐3.9) compared to non‐sarcopenic patients, with the strongest association seen among overweight/obese patients.

Conclusion

Our data support the importance of sarcopenia assessment, in addition to BMI, among patients with HNSCC.

http://bit.ly/2Q2rdjP

Laryngeal manifestations of cranial nerve IX/X compression at the brainstem

Objective

We report an association between lower cranial nerve (CN IX/X) vascular compression at the brainstem with laryngeal symptoms utilizing a stepwise algorithm that systematically evaluates and eliminates all other common etiologies. Our experiences with retromastoid craniectomy with lower cranial nerve (LCN) decompression versus non‐neurosurgical treatments are detailed.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review at a tertiary care academic medical center with follow‐up telephone survey.

Methods

Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, quality‐of‐life surveys, and treatment outcomes were recorded for patients with laryngeal symptoms associated with LCN compression at the brainstem.

Results

Forty‐nine patients demonstrated LCN compression at the brainstem on imaging and presented with chief complaints of dysphonia (25 of 49, 51%), chronic cough (19 of 49, 39%), dysphoric breathing (3 of 49, 6%), and dysphagia (2 of 49, 4%). Poor initial scores were noted for Voice‐Related Quality of Life (V‐RQOL), Reflux Symptom Index, and Glottal Closure Index. Twenty‐four patients underwent LCN decompression, of which 21 of 24 (88%) reported partial, near‐complete, or complete improvement. Major perioperative complications occurred in four of 24 patients (17%). Patients who had undergone decompression were more likely to obtain complete/near‐complete symptom resolution (10 of 24 patients, 42%) compared to those undergoing conservative treatments (2 of 25 patients, 8%) (P = 0.02). V‐RQOL scores improved more in surgical patients [mean change score, 33.0 (standard deviation [SD], 31.2) than nonsurgical patients (mean change score 9.6, SD 20.9) (P = 0.03) (mean follow‐up 3.0 years, SD 2.0).

Conclusion

Lower cranial nerve compression at the brainstem should be considered when all other etiologies are excluded. Retromastoid craniectomy with LCN decompression demonstrates an acceptable safety profile.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 1–7, 2018

http://bit.ly/2Tb5eZV

Lingual tonsil lymphatic tissue regrowth in patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate a possible regrowth of lingual tonsil lymphatic tissue in patients submitted to lingual tonsil resection with transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Study Design

Retrospective Study.

Methods

Medical records of patients surgically treated by means of TORS to remove excessive lymphatic tissue of the lingual tonsil were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative endoscopic data after long‐term follow‐up were analyzed to investigate possible lymphatic tissue regrowth. Preoperative and postoperative lingual tonsil lymphatic tissue were classified according to the standardized Friedman's grading scale ranging from 0 to 4.

Results

Sixty‐eight patients (41 male and 27 female; mean age = 51.3 years) were considered suitable for the study analysis. Clinical regrowth was observed in six (8.8%) patients: four (5.9%) and two (2.9%) patients with grade 2 and 3 lymphatic hypertrophy, respectively. No correlation between the grade of regrowth, the time interval from surgery, and the volume of lymphatic tissue removed was found.

Conclusions

The lymphatic tissue regrowth after TORS resection appears to be very low.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2CvIgXH

Ultrasonographic Criteria to Define the Lower Limits of Neck Node Levels 2 and 3

Objective

To find ultrasonographic landmarks to define the lower limits of neck node levels 2 and 3.

Methods

Data were collected prospectively between February 2014 and January 2015. In total, 103 patients were recruited (50 men and 53 women), and the mean age was 50.9 years (range: 18–89). At the lower level of the hyoid, we classified ultrasonographic findings as hyoid type (HT)1 when the internal and external carotid arteries were visualized separately, HT2 when the internal and external carotid arteries joined together, and HT3 when the common carotid artery was visualized. At the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, we classified ultrasonographic findings as cricoid type (CT)1 when the omohyoid reached the medial half of the common carotid artery, CT2 when the omohyoid reached the lateral half of the common carotid artery, CT3 when the omohyoid reached the medial half of the internal jugular vein, and CT4 when the omohyoid reached the lateral half of the internal jugular vein.

Results

At the lower border of the hyoid, HT1 was most commonly observed in 59.2%, whereas HT2 and HT3 were observed in 31.3% and 9.7%, respectively. At the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, CT3 was most commonly observed in 52.9%, whereas CT2, CT4, and CT1 were observed in 20.4%, 14.1%, and 12.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

HT1 and CT3 can be suggested ultrasonographic landmarks for the lower limits of levels 2 and 3, respectively.

Level of Evidence

2. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2T7GilI

Subacute acrolein exposure to rat larynx in vivo

Objectives/Hypothesis

Inhaled pollutants can contact vocal fold tissue and induce detrimental voice changes. Acrolein is a pollutant in cigarette smoke and can also be inhaled during the combustion of fossil fuels, animal fats, and plastics in the environment. However, the vocal fold pathological changes induced by acrolein and the underlying inflammatory pathways are not well understood. These biologic data are needed to understand why voice problems may result from pollutant exposure.

Study Design

In vivo prospective design with experimental and control groups.

Methods

Sprague‐Dawley male rats (N = 36) were exposed to acrolein (3 ppm) or filtered air (control) through a whole‐body exposure system for 5 hours/day, for 5 days/week, over 4 weeks. Histopathological changes, presence of edema, expression of proinflammatory cytokines and markers, and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) were investigated.

Results

Histological evaluation and quantification demonstrated that subacute acrolein exposure induced significant vocal fold edema. Acrolein exposure also induced epithelial sloughing and cell death. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed a significant upregulation of genes encoding interferon regulatory factor and chitinase‐3‐like protein 3. Western blot revealed a 76.8% increase in phosphorylation of NF‐κB P65 after subacute acrolein exposure.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that 4‐week exposures to 3 ppm acrolein induce vocal fold inflammation manifested as edema, related to the activation of NF‐κB signaling. The edema may underlie the voice changes reported in speakers exposed to pollutants.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2Cye3HB

Adult epiglottitis: Trends and predictors of mortality in over 30 thousand cases from 2007 to 2014

Objectives

To characterize trends of adult epiglottitis presenting to the emergency department (ED) and analyze mortality.

Methods

We utilized the National Emergency Department Sample to characterize adult epiglottitis from 2007 to 2014 and used provided weights to obtain nationally representative data (all presented data are weighted). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine predictors of mortality.

Results

A total of 33,549 cases were identified (weighted). Over the study period, the average patient age increased significantly from 47 to 51 (R² > 0.5), with an overall mean age of 49. A total of 11.8% of patients were coded as having obstruction, and 68.3% of cases were admitted to the hospital. Across all years, < 1% received laryngoscopic or airway procedures in the ED. Utilization of both X‐ray and computed tomography was <10%. Over the 8 years, there were an average of 42 deaths per year (1.01% overall mortality). No clinical factors, except obstruction, were significant on univariate analysis (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that patient age, degree of hospital urbanization, and smoking status also were nonsignificant.

Conclusions

Epiglottitis is still a significant pathology seen in EDs, is stable over the study period, and carries a mortality risk. There is an exceptionally low rate of documented clinical interventions in the ED, especially compared with inpatient studies of epiglottis. This suggests a lack of recognition of the need and utilization of critical airway interventions early in the patient encounter. Future research is needed to characterize the reasons for the low rate of early airway visualization and intervention of epiglottitis in the ED.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2T8oC9D

What makes a great Surgeon?

http://bit.ly/2CwURde

Revision surgery following minimally invasive image‐guided cochlear implantation

Minimally invasive image‐guided cochlear implantation (CI) research continues to progress. We previously performed the procedure in nine patients. Herein, we describe the first revision operation for device failure following minimally invasive image‐guided CI. It was possible to reuse the original drill channel, obviating the need to convert to a wide‐field mastoidectomy. Revision surgery, if required, can therefore be performed safely after minimally invasive image‐guided CI.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2T6E2LB

Diagnosis of a maxillary sinus fungus ball without intralesional hyperdensity on computed tomography

Objectives/Hypothesis

Maxillary sinus fungus ball (MSFB) is the most common type of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Surgical removal of the ball achieves good outcomes. Making a rapid and accurate diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary medical therapy. Intralesional hyperdensity (IH) on computed tomography (CT) is reportedly a good indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic features of MSFB without IH on preoperative CT images.

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Methods

Two hundred fifty‐eight patients with histopathological evidence of a sinus fungal ball were retrospectively investigated. Forty‐seven of 222 patients with MSFB did not show IH on preoperative CT images and were enrolled in the MSFB group. Forty‐one patients with unilateral nonfungal chronic rhinosinusitis were enrolled in a control group. CT features previously reported to have diagnostic significance were evaluated.

Results

Sclerosis of the lateral sinus wall, erosion of the inner sinus wall, and irregular surface of the material were significantly more common in the MSFB group than in the control group. In the subgroup of patients with total opacification in the maxillary sinus, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for erosion of the inner sinus wall were more than 90%. In the subgroup with partial opacification, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of an irregular surface of the material were more than 80%.

Conclusions

We have devised an algorithm to help diagnose MSFB without IH on preoperative CT images. Use of this algorithm would improve the diagnostic accuracy and ensure appropriate treatment.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2Cye3r5

Otologic considerations in a full face transplant recipient

Facial transplantation provides a functional and aesthetic solution to severe facial disfigurement previously unresolved by conventional reconstruction. Few facial allografts have been ear containing; hence, there is limited knowledge of the postoperative otologic considerations. We describe the case of a 44‐year‐old man who underwent transplantation of the total face, eyelids, ears, scalp, and skeletal subunits in 2015 after an extensive thermal injury. We detail the patient's transition from osseointegrated prosthetic ears to an ear‐containing facial allograft, and describe the unique surgical approach and challenges encountered. Subsequent bilateral revision meatoplasties were performed, which provided relief from stenosis of the external auditory meatus. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2T6E2v5

Critical care resources utilized in high‐risk adenotonsillectomy patients

Objective

Children at high risk for respiratory complication after adenotonsillectomy are often admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) postoperatively. Although many patients receive care in such units, it is unknown how many utilize critical care resources.

Methods

A review was conducted to audit intensive care needs of postadenotonsillectomy patients admitted to the PICU at a tertiary, academic, pediatric hospital between July 2013, and March 2017. Demographic information, ICU indication, polysomnogram results, and comorbidities were collected. Patients were defined as needing ICU resources based on supplemental oxygen requirements greater than 2 L between 2 to 24 hours postoperatively, more than two desaturation events in a 2‐hour period, or more than hourly nursing intervention. Factors associated with utilization of ICU resources were assessed.

Results

One hundred and ten patients were admitted to the PICU after adenotonsillectomy. Median age was 4.2 years, median body mass index was 90.8 percentile, and median apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was 34.3. Twenty patients (18.2%) utilized ICU resources by criteria defined. Of these patients, 14 were known to need such resources by 2 hours postoperatively (70%, negative predictive value 93.8%). Neither AHI nor obesity status was correlated with need for resources; however, resource need was associated with young age, gastrostomy tube status, and neuromuscular disorders (P = 0.048, P = 0.002 and 0.013, respectively).

Conclusion

Most high‐risk adenotonsillectomy patients do not utilize critical care resources despite their increased perioperative risk. Patients with respiratory complications are frequently identifiable within the first 2 hours of surgery.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2Cy3zrX

Risk and outcomes for second primary human papillomavirus–related and –unrelated head and neck malignancy

Objectives/Hypothesis

To 1) examine the characteristics of patients who develop second primary malignancies (SPMs) from an index human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and HPV‐unrelated HNSCC and to 2) compare overall survival between those with HPV‐related and HPV‐unrelated index HNSCC among patients who develop SPM.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort analysis.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted of 113,259 patients who were diagnosed with HNSCC from 2000 to 2014. SPM was defined as the first subsequent primary cancer occurring at least 2 months after index cancer diagnosis, and HPV‐relatedness was based on whether patients' index HNSCC was potentially HPV‐related or HPV‐unrelated. Multivariable Fine and Gray (FG) competing‐risks regression models were used to estimate factors associated with risk of SPM by HPV‐relatedness. Among patients with SPM, an adjusted Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression model was used to assess the association between HPV‐relatedness and survival.

Results

Approximately 13,900 patients (12.3%) developed SPM. In the FG model, patients with HPV‐unrelated HNSCC had a 15% higher risk of developing SPM (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.10‐1.20) than those with potentially HPV‐related HNSCC, but the same characteristics were associated with SPM development. In the Cox PH model, patients with SPM whose index HNSCC was HPV‐unrelated had higher risk of death than those whose index HNSCC was potentially HPV‐related (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02‐1.11).

Conclusions

Patients with HPV‐unrelated HNSCC have a higher risk of SPM development than do those with HPV‐related HNSCC. Effective secondary disease‐prevention strategies should be established to improve long‐term patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2Tb89BP

Is greater antibiotic therapy prior to ESS associated with differences in surgical outcomes in CRS?

Objective

Antibiotics have been a mainstay of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy; however, data suggest that antibiotics may also result in several adverse unintended consequences. We aimed to evaluate if greater antibiotic use prior to sinus surgery was associated with differences in surgical outcomes.

Methods

Adult CRS patients enrolled in a prospective, multi‐institutional, observational cohort study were asked to recall systemic antibiotic use in the 90 days prior to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Antibiotic use was examined in relation to demographics, disease characteristics, and outcomes.

Results

Data were collected for 271 study participants followed for a mean of 14.9 [± 5.1] months across four institutions, with a mean preoperative antibiotic use of 27.8 [± 22.7] days out of the 90 preceding ESS. After ESS, significant improvement (P < 0.001) was reported for patient‐reported outcome measures and endoscopy scores for the overall cohort. No bivariate correlation between preoperative antibiotic use and degree of benefit in objective clinical measures (endoscopy, Brief Smell Identification Test) was seen. Increased preoperative antibiotic use was associated with less improvement in 22‐item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and its rhinologic subdomain after ESS. Prevalence of achieving a minimal clinically important difference in overall SNOT‐22 symptom scores was lower in those using more preoperative antibiotics, although statistical significance was not reached when adjusting for independent covariates in multivariate modeling.

Conclusion

Higher amounts of previous antibiotic use do not appear to be associated with better ESS outcomes. Specific recommendations for antibiotic use as part of CRS‐appropriate medical therapy prior to ESS require further study, particularly given concerns for antibiotic overuse and implications for improving outcomes in the modern healthcare era.

Level of Evidence

2C. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2CvI0YN

Morbidity after pediatric tonsillotomy versus tonsillectomy: A population‐based cohort study

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare and evaluate morbidity following pediatric tonsillectomy (TE) and tonsillotomy (TT) performed due to tonsil‐related upper airway obstruction.

Study Design

Retrospective population‐based cohort study based on data from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR).

Methods

All patients aged 1 to 12 years who were registered in the NPR between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015, and who underwent an isolated tonsil surgery (± adenoidectomy) for the sole indication of upper airway obstruction were included. Postoperative morbidity within 30 days of surgery, including readmission due to hemorrhage and return to theater (RTT), was evaluated and compared between the two groups. A forward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of postoperative morbidity.

Results

In total, 35,060 patients were included in the study, 23,447 of whom underwent TT and 11,613 of whom underwent TE. Readmission due to postoperative hemorrhage, RTT, readmission due to any reason, and contact with healthcare were all less common after TT than after TE. Readmission due to postoperative hemorrhage was significantly more common after TE (2.5%) than after TT (0.6%) (odds ratio: 3.91, 95% confidence interval: 3.20‐4.77).

Conclusions

This study showed that TT is associated with a statistically significantly lower risk of postoperative complications than TE when performed in children to correct tonsil‐related upper airway obstruction. Statistically significant differences were found for all outcome variables, namely, readmission to hospital due to bleeding, RTT, readmission due to any reason, and postoperative contact with healthcare for any reason.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2T6ji6L

Patient‐reported versus physiologic swallowing outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer after chemoradiation

Objective

The primary objective of this project was to retrospectively investigate the relationship between patient‐reported and physiologic swallowing measures after chemoradiation therapy for head neck cancer (HNC).

Methods

Adult patients who underwent chemoradiation therapy for HNC and presented for videofluoroscopic swallow study were reviewed retrospectively. Surgically treated patients were excluded. Patient perception of swallowing‐related outcomes was assessed via the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) on the same day that physiologic measures of swallow function were obtained. Using vidoefluoroscopic data, the Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) scale yielded measures of safety (DIGEST‐S: penetration/aspiration) and efficiency (DIGEST‐E: residue). Statistical analysis for correlation coefficients was performed.

Results

Thirty patients met the inclusion criteria. The oropharynx was the most commonly affected site (70.0%), followed by the larynx (16.7%). The median radiation dose was 72 grays (Gy), and participants were assessed a mean of 4.6 (range 0–12) years following completion of treatment. There was no correlation between the MDADI and the DIGEST‐E score (Pearson rho = −0.045, P = 0.812), DIGEST‐S score (Pearson rho = 0.075, P = 0.695), or summary DIGEST grade (Pearson rho = 0.046, P = 0.810). MDADI scores did not change significantly with increasing time since radiation (P = 0.375), whereas the DIGEST‐E scores, DIGEST‐S score, and summary DIGEST grades worsened over time (P = 0.007, P = 0.002, and P = 0.0005, respectively).

Conclusion

Assessment of swallowing physiology showed that function worsened after chemoradiation therapy, but this did not correlate with patient‐reported quality‐of‐life measures. Reduced patient awareness of swallow dysfunction years after completion of chemoradiation has implications for management of dysphagia in the face of physiologic decline.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2CwUQGc

A separation of innate and learned vocal behaviors defines the symptomatology of spasmodic dysphonia

Objective

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary spasms in the laryngeal muscles. It is thought to selectively affect speaking; other vocal behaviors remain intact. However, the patients' own perspective on their symptoms is largely missing, leading to partial understanding of the full spectrum of voice alterations in SD.

Methods

A cohort of 178 SD patients rated their symptoms on the visual analog scale based on the level of effort required for speaking, singing, shouting, whispering, crying, laughing, and yawning. Statistical differences between the effort for speaking and the effort for other vocal behaviors were assessed using nonparametric Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests within the overall SD cohort as well as within different subgroups of SD.

Results

Speech production was found to be the most impaired behavior, ranking as the most effortful type of voice production in all SD patients. In addition, singing required nearly similar effort as speaking, ranking as the second most altered vocal behavior. Shouting showed a range of variability in its alterations, being especially difficult to produce for patients with adductor form, co‐occurring voice tremor, late onset of disorder, and familial history of dystonia. Other vocal behaviors, such as crying, laughing, whispering, and yawning, were within the normal ranges across all SD patients.

Conclusion

Our findings widen the symptomatology of SD, which has predominantly been focused on selective speech impairments. We suggest that a separation of SD symptoms is rooted in selective aberrations of the neural circuitry controlling learned but not innate vocal behaviors.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2T6jd2X

Observations from a pediatric dysphagia clinic: Characteristics of children at risk of aspiration pneumonia

Objectives

The clinical variables that are predictive of aspiration pneumonia are not clear in the pediatric population. This study was conducted in order to identify the demographic, clinical, and radiological risk factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia in children referred to the dysphagia clinic.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of medical records of 88 children referred to the dysphagia clinic who had undergone videofluroscopic swallow study (VFSS).

Results

Oropharyngeal dysphagia was found in 61.3% (54 of 88). Incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 39.8% (35 of 88).

Conclusion

Respiratory symptoms such as cough, choking, excessive secretions, and pharyngeal dysmotility other than aspiration in VFSS were not predictors of pneumonia. Infants and children with laryngotracheal anomalies, demonstrable aspiration in VFSS, and major cardiac illness are at risk of presenting with aspiration pneumonia. Whether gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or esophageal dysmotility are causative of aspiration in the rest of the population needs to be investigated by future prospective studies.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2CvI22N

Patient opinions regarding surgeon presence, trainee participation, and overlapping surgery

Objectives

To explore patient opinions and underlying values regarding overlapping surgery (OS) scenarios, specifically evaluating the effect of attending surgeon presence and availability, as well as trainee participation on patient comfort level and willingness to consent.

Study Design

Mixed methods.

Methods

Forty adults participated in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews included vignettes involving three scenarios of OS (1: attending present; 2: attending absent for wound closure; 3: attending absent and unavailable for wound closure, with covering attending), visual analog scale ratings of participants' comfort with scenarios, and cognitive debriefing. Themes and subthemes were identified using hierarchical coding of transcripts, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted.

Results

Quantitative analysis revealed anticipated decreases in comfort with decreasing attending presence/availability (mean comfort level 94% vs. 78% vs. 63% for scenarios 1 vs. 2 vs. 3, P < 0.005), although many patients reported improved comfort with scenario 3 if meeting the covering attending. Participants demonstrated a preference for less trainee involvement (P < 0.005, scenario 1) and greater trainee experience (P < 0.05, all scenarios). However, not all individuals were uncomfortable with attending absence or trainee independence. Themes important for decision making included trust in the surgeon, surgeon experience, trainee involvement, disease severity, cost, and wait time.

Conclusion

Patients varied highly in their willingness to consent to OS scenarios. In settings of trainee independence and covering surgeons, many patients desired meeting these members of the treatment team, which improved comfort for some. For some patients, tradeoffs and incentives of timeliness, cost, and convenience modified their willingness to have OS.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2T6d32M

Carotid body tumor with hidden internal carotid artery aneurysm

Abstract

Background

The most common head and neck paraganglioma is the carotid body paraganglioma. Treatment of carotid body tumors is primarily surgical, and uncontrolled growth leads to cranial nerve deficits and more morbid resection.

Methods

A 60‐year‐old man was referred for evaluation of carotid body tumor, and workup revealed an internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm within the known mass.

Results

Interventional Radiology performed angiogram and stenting across aneurysm with interval dramatic reduction in size of mass, and surgery was avoided altogether.

Conclusions

Surgical resection is indicated for carotid body paragangliomas when the patient can tolerate the surgery and when the tumor was not very advanced. This patient had a small tumor that initially appeared easily resectable. Failure to detect the ICA aneurysm before resection may have resulted in devastating vascular injury and possible stroke or death. Identification of underlying vascular pathology is essential for safe treatment and should be prioritized, especially considering this case.

http://bit.ly/2rResPa

Simulation‐Guided Tracheotomy in a Patient With Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare disorder that causes heterotopic bone formation leading to chest wall and spinal deformities. This case describes an 11‐year‐old female with FOP who presented in respiratory failure necessitating two emergent fiberoptic nasotracheal intubations. The patient had severe trismus, rotary flexion of the neck, and distortion of the airway. A three‐dimensional printed model based off of a computed tomography reconstruction was created for an in situ simulation before the true procedure. The surgery and trach change were both uneventful. We propose that with careful preoperative planning, tracheotomy can be an appropriate option for FOP patients. Laryngoscope, 2018

http://bit.ly/2ShPqo5

Case Report and Literature Review of a Pathologic Mandibular Fracture from Metastatic Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Distant metastasis to the jaws, including the maxilla or mandible, is very rare. Although the mandible is the preferred sight of these rare metastases, it is extremely rare for oral cavity malignancies to present as pathological mandibular fractures. Here, we present a case of esophageal adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the mandible, and the first reported case presenting with a pathological mandibular fracture secondary to esophageal adenocarcinoma. We also review the 9 other reported cases of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma to either the maxilla or mandible.

http://bit.ly/2ELBM9w

Differential impact of age on survival in head and neck cancer according to classic Cox regression and decision tree analysis

Abstract

Objectives

To assess the impact of age on the survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using different statistical methods.

Design

A retrospective population based study.

Setting

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Subjects and methods

A total of 28639 patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC were enrolled between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013. The effect of age on 5‐year disease‐specific survival was calculated using a Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using log‐rank tests. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for a multivariate analysis. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis that partitioned patients with significantly different Kaplan‐Meier curves was introduced to identify the important cancer‐related parameters influencing survival.

Results

Uni‐ and multivariate analyses indicated that patients who were older than 60 years had poorer 5‐year disease‐specific survival regardless of tumor subsite and TNM stage. However, the CART analysis determined that age played only a minor role in survival after comparing with other prognosticators. The relative importance of age using the Gini index was as follows: 3.21% for oral cancer, 8.32% for oropharyngeal cancer, 2.56% for hypopharyngeal cancer, and 16.51% for laryngeal cancer.

Conclusions

Different to traditional statistical methods, the CART analysis which was used to identify homogeneous populations, revealed that the impact of age varied for different patient groups according to the presence or absence of other prognosticators. This important information could help to guide our clinical decisions and future researches.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://bit.ly/2PZFbTg

M-CSF and IL-34 expression as indicators for growth in sporadic vestibular schwannoma

Abstract

Macrophage colony stimulating factor and IL-34 are associated with clinical vestibular schwannoma progression. Investigating the biology behind vestibular schwannoma progression helps understanding tumor growth. Inflammation is important in the microenvironment of neoplasms. Macrophages are major players in the intratumoral infiltrate. These tumor-associated macrophages are known to stimulate angiogenesis and cell growth. M-CSF and IL-34 are cytokines that can regulate tumor-infiltrating macrophages. They are expressed by tumors and form potential targets for therapy. The goal of this study was to investigate these cytokines in vestibular schwannomas and to see if their expression is related to angiogenesis, macrophage numbers, cystic degeneration, and volumetric tumor progression. Immunohistochemical expression of M-CSF and IL-34 was analyzed in ten fast-growing vestibular schwannomas and in ten slow-growing vestibular schwannomas. Expression M-CSF and IL-34 were compared between fast- versus slow-growing and cystic versus non-cystic tumors. Data on macrophage numbers and microvessel density, known from earlier research, was also included. All tumors expressed M-CSF and its expression was higher in fast-growing tumors (p = 0.003) and in cystic tumors (p = 0.035). CD163 expression was higher in tumors with strong M-CSF expression (p = 0.003). All tumors expressed IL-34 as well, but no significant differences were found in relation to clinicopathological characteristics. This study demonstrated the expression of M-CSF and IL-34 in vestibular schwannomas. The results suggest that M-CSF is related to macrophage activity and tumor progression, making it a potential target for therapy. If a similar assumption can be made for IL-34 remains unclear.

http://bit.ly/2BAWRzn

Radiotherapy for parapharyngeal space tumors

Publication date: Available online 21 December 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): William M. Mendenhall, Primoz Strojan, Jonathan J. Beitler, Johannes A. Langendijk, Carlos Suarez, Anne W. Lee, Alessandra Rinaldo, Juan P. Rodrigo, Robert Smee, Avraham Eisbruch, Louis B. Harrison, June Corry, Alfio Ferlito

Abstract

A wide variety of tumors, both benign and malignant, occur in the parapharyngeal space. Depending on histology and extent, treatment may include surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT). Herein we discuss the role of RT in the management of some of the more commonly encountered neoplasms, including salivary gland tumors, paragangliomas, schwannomas, and soft-tissue sarcomas.

http://bit.ly/2Aex6Fh

Investigating the role of octamer binding transcription Factor-4 (Oct-4) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 21 December 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Vasiliki Gliagias, Michael Wotman, Saori Wendy Herman, Peter Costantino, Dennis Kraus, Tristan Tham

http://bit.ly/2SlQDLf

Free thyroid transfer to anterolateral thigh for prevention of radiation induced hypothyroidism: An initial experience

Publication date: Available online 21 December 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Rakesh Katna, Nikhil Kalyani, Akshay Deshpande, Mumbai Oncology Group – Head and Neck

Abstract

Aim

Radiation induced hypothyroidism (RIHT) is one of the commonest late side effects of radiation therapy and is seen in more than half of patients and affects quality of life significantly. We report our initial experience on feasibility of free microvascular transfer of thyroid gland out of radiation field to prevent development of RIHT.

Material and methods

A prospective pilot study was undertaken during August 2017 to May 2018. Six Patients with stage III/IV patients of oral cavity cancers who required wide excision/composite resections with microvascular free flap (ALT) reconstruction and adjuvant radiation therapy were enrolled. A written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to the procedure.

Results

The mean age of cohort was 51 years with tongue most common site of primary cancer. The free transfer of thyroid gland to anterolateral thigh was done using microvascular technique. The mean additional time for procedure was 51 min. All patients had successful transfer with no associated immediate complications. Patients were followed up with Tc99 scan, USG Doppler and biochemical assay at routine intervals in peri and postoperative period to assess the anatomical and physiological function of the transferred gland. At median follow up of 8 months, 5 patients were euthyroid and remaining one had biochemical hypothyroidism. All patients had functional thyroid gland in anetrolateral thigh. Five patient were alive, one patient died due to disease.

Conclusion

This is a small and early feasibility study for free thyroid gland transfer and validates the previously published data. The selected group of patients who have high chances of developing RIHT may benefit from this strategy. Further validation of the technique may be explored in a larger cohort.

http://bit.ly/2Aex2W3

Tonsillectomy using the BiZact: A pilot study in 186 children and adults

Abstract

1.The BiZact tonsillectomy device, produced by Medtronic (Minneapolis, MN, USA), was approved for market use in Australia by the Therapeutics Good Administration (TGA) in 2016 and is a new device for tonsillectomy

2.Results from this pilot study of 186 patients demonstrate a post‐operative hemorrhage rate of 4.3% similar to rates described by other studies.

3.BiZact tonsillectomy allows for a shortened operative time in the hands of both experienced and training surgeons with a median time of 5.1 minutes (range 1.5 – 26.5 minutes).

4.BiZact tonsillectomy is associated with reduced intraoperative blood loss with less than 1mL of blood loss observed in 71 (38.2%) cases and between 1‐10mL loss observed in 81 (43.5%) cases in this report.

5.This study demonstrates safety and feasibility of this device as a pilot study towards undertaking a prospective randomized trial comparing it to other tonsillectomy techniques.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://bit.ly/2rZkf5z