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Πέμπτη 13 Δεκεμβρίου 2018

Leukemia Lymphoma Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Myeloma Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)

A Phase 2 Study of Actinium-225 (225Ac)-Lintuzumab in Older Patients with Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Interim Analysis of 1.5 µci/Kg/Dose
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1457

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Older patients (pts) with AML unfit for intense induction chemotherapy have a poor prognosis with a 5 year survival of <10%. 225Ac-lintuzumab is composed of 225Ac linked to a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody. Data were previously presented on the initial 13 pts who received 2.0 µCi/kg/dose on Days 1 and 8 (ASH, 2017, Abstract 616). Although that dose resulted in a high respon...

64cu-DOTA-Anti-CD33 PET-CT Imaging for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Image-Guided Treatment
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/2747

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive form of leukemia that results a poor survival outcome. Currently, diagnosis and prognosis are based on invasive single-point bone marrow biopsies (iliac crest). Although non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been developed for almost all solid tumors and some hematological malignancies, there is currently no...

Cell Type-Specific Deregulation of Polypyrimidine Tract- Binding Proteins (PTBPs) Drive Aberrant Splicing in Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3895

Nov 21st, 2018 - Genome-wide transcriptome profiling detected an increased splicing alterations in MM and AML. While these malignancies are derived from different cell linages, their tumor cells acquire similar aberrant splicing (AbSp), mostly intron retentions. To delineate AbSp mechanism in MM/AML, we focused on PTBPs (1/2/3) that play a critical role in intron excision. We have previously reported deregulate...

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Wild-Type Transthyretin and AL Cardiac Amyloidosis Confirmed By Mass Spectrometry
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3126

Nov 21st, 2018 - INTRODUCTION: Cardiac involvement is common in both wild-type transthyretin (wATTR) and AL amyloidosis and these entities can have overlapping clinical features (Banypersad et al, JAHA 2012). Accurate diagnosis is vital given differences in spectrum of disease, management, and prognosis. We examined the presenting clinical features and survival outcome of patients diagnosed with cardiac wATTR a...

Single Doses of Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) Targeted to CD117 or CD45 Have Potent In Vivo Anti-Leukemia Activity and Survival Benefit in Patient Derived AML Models
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3316

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background. Allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a potentially curative approach in patients with refractory or high risk hematologic malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Prior to transplant, patients are prepared with non-specific, high dose chemotherapy alone or in combination with total body irradiation, which are associated with early...

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Shape the Leukemic Microenvironment
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5428

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) compose a naturally occurring, heterogeneous group of membrane-bound, nano-sized particles shed by all cells. Depending on cellular type, physiological state, and mode of secretion some harbor potent regenerative properties while others have the propensity to induce disease. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs harbor regenerative pot...

Systematic Review of Non-Conventional Dosing of Oral Anticancer Therapies in Malignant Haematology
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5915

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction Survival outcomes for patients with lymphoid, myeloid and plasma cell malignancies, have improved with the use of oral small molecule inhibitory agents. Oral anti-cancer therapies are often administered continuously and can have significant side-effects, which can adversely impact adherence, quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes. In order to improve tolerability, non-standard...

The Impact of a Physical Activity Intervention Can be Accurately Assessed By Smart Watches in Patients Completing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Lymphoma or Multiple Myeloma: Results of a...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5911

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Based on cohort studies and a limited number of prospective studies, physical activity (PA) can improve quality of life (QoL) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), and patients (pts) undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). There are also data to suggest that survival (Pophali et al, ASH 2017) is improved with increased PA in NHL pts. After ASCT, it is know...

Pegfilgrastim Versus Filgrastim in the Management of Therapy-Related Neutropenia in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma in Treatment with Pomalidomide-Dexamethasone
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5905

Nov 21st, 2018 - Aims: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of pegfilgrastim in patients affected by heavily pretreated MM, treated with pomalidomide-dexamethasone, in order to determine whether a single subcutaneous injection of pegfilgrastim is as effective as daily injections of standard filgrastim, in terms of haematological toxicity, febrile neutropenic episodes, antibiotic us...

Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Genomic or cfDNA with MyMRD®, a Targeted NGS Panel
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5268

Nov 21st, 2018 - Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder. Precision therapies for AML have been developed that target specific driver mutations. The efficacies of these therapies are variable, making it critical to determine successful therapies prior to patient relapse. For patients achieving a first complete remission, minimum residual disease (MRD) is an import...

An Exploratory Study of Cytokine Markers of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Hematological Malignancy
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5914

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction. Cancer-related cognitive impairment is a distressing symptom that affects numerous patients after cancer therapy, including those treated for hematological malignancy. The lack of effective interventions has driven interest in determining underlying mechanisms. Accumulating evidence in the context of solid tumours suggests inflammatory processes are involved in the development of ...

A Twenty Years Epidemiology Study of 2nd Hematological Malignancies Post to the Initial Tumor Treatment: Report from Southern China Single Cancer Group
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5903

Nov 21st, 2018 - Objective: To investigate the clinical features of 2nd hematological malignancies post to the initial cancer treatment. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to analyze the available clinical data of 116 patients diagnosed with 2nd hematologic malignancies after treatment of various malignant tumors from June 1998 to June 2018 at Sun Yat-sen University cancer center. RESULTS: The charact...

Identification and Characterization of Potential Candidates for Treatment Targeting Apoptosis Pathways in Patients with Hematological Neoplasms
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4098

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Resistance to apoptosis is one of the hallmarks in hematological neoplasms, most typically via dysregulation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. The most important antiapoptotic/pro-survival proteins in this pathway are BCL2, BCL2L1 and MCL1. Molecules targeting each of these proteins are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax is...

Natural History of Asymptomatic IgM Monoclonal Gammopathies: Impact of the Bone Marrow Aspiration into the Classification and Prognosis
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1610

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: As in multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is preceded by an asymptomatic phase, mainly as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or by a smoldering WM (SWM) phase. It has recently been reported that patients with IgM MGUS have a higher risk of progression in comparison to those with other MGUS isotypes. Moreover, it has been described that if th...

Targeting the Glyco-Antigen CD75s with the Tetravalent, Fc-Engineered Antibody 'Ebu-141 Tetra' Induces Potent Killing of B Cell Lymphoma and Plasma Cell Tumors
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4178

Nov 21st, 2018 - While monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) are already well established for the treatment of B cell-derived malignancies and usually show a good safety profile, not all patients benefit and relapses may be a problem. In order to identify novel surface structures suitable for antibody-based therapies and to improve killing mechanisms, 'EBU-141 Tetra' was developed. The parental MoAb EBU-141 is of mouse ...

A New Prognostic Index for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Based on a Multicenter Retrospective Study of the Japanese Society of Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5320

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: We recently reported that the International Prognostic Scoring System for Waldenström macroglobulinemia (ISSWM), which is widely used to predict the prognosis of WM patients, might not be applicable to Japanese patients, and evidence of pleural effusion might be a novel adverse prognostic factor for symptomatic WM in the rituximab era. Further studies with a large number of patients...

Evaluation of T Cell and Monocyte Immune Subsets in the Stem Cell Product of Patients Developing Engraftment Syndrome Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4604

Nov 21st, 2018 - BACKGROUND: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is now standard of care for newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and is used for some forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, providing improved outcomes. ASCT has been associated with a high incidence of engraftment syndrome (ES), which clinically presents as skin rashes, diarrhea, non-infectious f...

Efficacy of a New Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in Preclinical Models of B-Cell Lymphoma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5383

Nov 21st, 2018 - Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a protein modifier that is an increasingly attractive pharmacological target. Interestingly, the observation that the HDAC6 knock-out mouse is not lethal, in contrast to those undergoing complete loss of class I, II and III HDACs, suggests that specific HDAC6 inhibitors may be better tolerated than pan-HDAC inhibitors or drugs that target the other HDAC classes....

SLAMF7 in Primary Effusion Lymphoma, Target for Individualized Therapy?
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/5300

Nov 21st, 2018 - Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare, aggressive form of B-cell lymphoma. With a median survival time of around six months the prognosis for PEL patients is poor. Therefore, there is a medical need for novel therapeutic strategies. We performed expression array analysis to find potential targets for antibody-based therapy. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed that PEL cell lines group...

Frequency of Acquired Genetic Mutations and Their Prognostic Impact on Patients with Incidental Finding of Isolated 20q- in Bone Marrow without Morphologic Evidence of a Myeloid Neoplasm
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4382

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous myeloid disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lines, peripheral cytopenia(s), and distinct cytogenetic abnormalities. The presence of certain cytogenetic abnormalities [e.g. 7/del(7q), -5/del(5q), 13/del(13q), i(17p)], in the setting of unexplained persistent cytopenia, has been considered presumptiv...

Bion-1301 Blocks APRIL-Induced Anti-Apoptotic Signaling, Immune Suppressive Phenotype, and Chemokine Production Associated with Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1908

Nov 21st, 2018 - A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is produced by multiple accessory and myeloid cells in the bone marrow niche. Through binding to its receptors B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), APRIL plays an important role in the development and maintenance of cells derived from the B cell lineage. Both APRIL and its receptors have been identified ...

Solid Tumors in Post-Polycythemia Vera and Post-Essential Thrombocythemia Myelofibrosis: A Study on 2220 Patients
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3039

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) that can progress to post-PV (PPV) myelofibrosis (MF) and post-ET (PET) MF, from now on referred to as secondary myelofibrosis (SMF). Recent studies have shown an increased risk of developing solid tumors (ST) in MPN patients in comparison to the general population. Information on develo...

18f-FDG PET/CT and the Revised International Staging System Are More Discriminating of Survival Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4483

Nov 21st, 2018 - Purpose : This study evaluated the prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT at baseline in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloa (MM) and evaluated the prognostic relevance of 18F-FDG PET/CT for each stage according to the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS). Method: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 167 patients with newly diagnosed MM. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed prior to ...

A Phase 2 Study of Carfilzomib Plus Elotuzumab Plus Dexamethasone for Myeloma Patients Relapsed after 1-3 Prior Treatment Lines
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1975

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of multiple myeloma (MM) patients have been prolonged due to novel agents combined with ASCT but the median OS in MM is still 7-8 years. Thus, the feasibility of new combinations and dosing of available agents must be investigated. The first proteasome inhibitor (PI), bortezomib (B), combined with elotuzumab and ...

Carfilzomib Cardiovascular Disease: Use of the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Score to Predict Cardiovascular Events in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Carfilzomib
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3254

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: In the ASPIRE and ENDEAVOR trials, multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated with carfilzomib (K) had significantly improved progression‐free survival and overall survival compared with standard of care. The incidence of all-grade adverse cardiovascular events (ACVE) was 26.6% and 24.5% in the K treated groups in ASPIRE and ENDEAVOR respectively. The atherosclerotic cardiovascular di...

A Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (RVD) Combination Therapy for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Promising Activi...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1981

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Patients (pts) with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) are commonly treated with the standard of care combination of lenalidomide (Len), bortezomib (Bz), and dexamethasone (Dex), also known as RVD. A recent randomized phase 3 study found that the addition of Bz to Len and Dex significantly increased median overall and progression free survival as well as response rate (Durie et...

A Rapid Functional Screen for Small Molecule and Monoclonal Antibody Drug Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma Patients
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3203

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: The oncogenic drivers and progression factors in multiple myeloma (MM) are heterogeneous and difficult to target therapeutically. As a result, personalized medicine approaches have not yet been realized. However, clinical availability of numerous anti-myeloma drugs and readily obtainable bone marrow (BM) aspirates raises the possibility to benefit patients by profiling the drug sens...

A Role for Syntenin-1 in Multiple Myeloma Cell Survival
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1008

Nov 21st, 2018 - Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy in the U.S. with an estimated 30,700 new diagnoses in 2018. It is a clonal disease of plasma cells that, despite recent therapeutic advances, remains incurable. Myeloma cells retain numerous characteristics of normal plasma cells including reliance on survival signals in the bone marrow for long term viability. However, maligna...

A Single-Cell Transcriptional Analysis of Tumour Cells and the Immune Microenvironment during Disease Evolution in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/56

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is consistently preceded by pre-malignant asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathies (AMG). To date, our understanding of the pathogenesis of progression to MM remains incomplete. Genetic analyses of AMG cells compared to MM-derived plasma cells (PCs) have found few differences, suggesting that progression may be mediated in part by tumour-extrinsic mechanisms. To ...

Carfilzomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone Versus Bortezomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Results from the Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Comm...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/799

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Triplet regimens incorporating a proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulatory drug are standards of care for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). The combinations of carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) and bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (VRd) are recommended regimens for the treatment of NDMM by the National Comprehensive Care Networ...

Long-Lasting Remissions for Myeloma Patients on Daratumumab Therapy from the GEN501 and GEN503 Trials
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3308

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction The first two trials to test the activity of daratumumab (DARA) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) were GEN501 (DARA monotherapy) and GEN503 (DARA in combination with lenalidomide [LEN] and dexamethasone [DEX]). GEN501 enrolled 104 participants from 2008 and GEN503 enrolled 45 participants from 2012. GEN501 has been completed; GEN503 is active but has finished accrual. We...

Activating KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Mutants Enhance Proteasome Capacity and Reduce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Multiple Myeloma, Thereby Promoting Plasma Cell Survival and Proteasome Inhibitor Resi...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/406

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Multiple myeloma, a malignant proliferation of differentiated plasma cells, is the second most commonly diagnosed hematologic malignancy, and the number of cases may grow by almost 60% between 2010 and 2030. Recent therapeutic advances, including the use of proteasome inhibitors (PIs), have contributed to a doubling of the median overall survival in myeloma patients. This has been...

Long-Term Follow-up Identifies Double Hit and Key Mutations As Impacting Progression Free and Overall Survival in Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/110

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: The study of multiple myeloma (MM) genomics has identified many abnormalities that are associated with poor progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Copy number abnormalities have been extensively studied in many datasets with long follow-up, however, the prognostic impact of mutations have not been extensively studied and available datasets have generally had a ...

Addition of Ixazomib to an Rd Backbone Improves Clinical Benefit in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM) Patients (Pts) with Non-Canonical NF-KB Activation — Results from the Tourmaline-MM1 ...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/473

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background Ixazomib, the first oral proteasome inhibitor, is approved in combination with lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Rd) for pts with MM who have received at least 1 prior therapy. Approval was based on the phase 3 TOURMALINE-MM1 study (NCT01564537), in which ixazomib showed a consistent progression-free survival (PFS) benefit in combination with Rd (IRd) in the ITT population as well as in pr...

Long-Term Survivorship with Active Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1912

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background The survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has improved significantly over the past two decades with the introduction of novel treatment agents. However, MM is still largely considered an incurable malignancy with a relapsing-remitting course. A follow-up of at least 10 years from active disease is required to determine whether a plateau in progression-free survival has been...

CD38 Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor KHYG-1 Natural Killer Cells: A Potential "Off the Shelf" Therapy for Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3261

Nov 21st, 2018 - Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) are engineered transmembrane proteins consisting of an antibody-derived antigen recognition domain linked to intracellular cell signaling domains. CAR engineered autologous T cells have been successful in the treatment of a variety of hematologic malignancies. However, several major caveats, including lack of universal donors, long manufacturing times, and abse...

AL Amyloidosis — Pathogenesis and Prognosis Are Determined By the Amyloidogenic Potential of the Light Chain and the Molecular Characteristics of Malignant Plasma Cells
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/187

Nov 21st, 2018 - INTRODUCTION. Systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is caused by accumulation of plasma cells producing misfolded monoclonal light chains depositing as amyloid fibrils in different organs, most frequently heart and kidney. AIM of our study is first assessing the molecular characteristics of malignant plasma cells from AL-patients in relation to those from MGUS, asymptomatic, and symptomatic mye...

CD38-Deficient, CD16-Engineered NK Cells Exhibit Enhanced Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity without NK Cell Fratricide to Augment Anti-Myeloma Immunity in Combination with Daratumumab
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3224

Nov 21st, 2018 - Daratumumab targets the cell surface protein CD38 and is the only FDA approved monoclonal antibody that has demonstrated single agent efficacy in relapsed refractory myeloma. CD38 is broadly expressed in the immune system, and its high expression on multiple myeloma cells allows for effective targeting by daratumumab. Daratumumab induces myeloma cell death through multiple mechanisms, including...

Evaluation of Re-Intensification of Daratumumab to Weekly or Biweekly Dosing Schedule
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/2024

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic cancer caused by malignant plasma cells. Daratumumab is an immunoglobin G1 kappa human monoclonal antibody that targets CD38 antigen which is a cell surface glycoprotein highly expressed on myeloma cells. Daratumumab is FDA approved as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone and lenalidomide, bortezomib or pomalidomide in relapsed/r...

Lyra: A Phase 2 Study of Daratumumab (Dara) Plus Cyclophosphamide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (Cybord) in Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed Patients (Pts) with Multiple Myeloma (MM)
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/152

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Dara, a human IgGκ monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, is approved in combination with bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone (VMP) for the treatment of newly diagnosed (ND) MM. CyBorD is another commonly used immunomodulatory drug-sparing regimen for MM. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of dara-CyBorD and administered the first dara infusion as a split dose over 2 days in pts...

Altering Glycosphingolipid Composition to Improve Multiple Myeloma Bone Complication
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1942

Nov 21st, 2018 - Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer of plasma cells (PC), with a median survival of 5-7 years. Osteolytic bone disease and skeletal complications occur in more than 80% of MM patients and significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Glycosphingolipid (GSL), an essential constituent of the outer leaflet of the cellular membrane, is altered in MM and other h...

Evaluation of the Revised International Staging System in 400 Patients with Symptomatic Myeloma in a Japanese Clinical Setting
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4477

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background:In 2015, the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) developed the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), which combined the ISS with the status of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) and serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase to identify three multiple myeloma (MM) entities with clearly different outcomes. However, although MM tends to affect older adults, the origina...

An Acquired High-Risk Chromosome Instability Phenotype in Multiple Myeloma: Jumping 1q Syndrome
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4489

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction Chromosome instability (CIN) is a driver of copy number aberrations (CNAs) in cancer, and is a major factor leading to tumor heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. By definition, CIN is an increased rate or ongoing acquisition and accumulation of CNAs and not simply the existence of structurally and numerically abnormal aneuploid clones. In multiple myeloma (MM), the most common ...

Maintenance with Carfilzomib Following Carfilzomib, Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone at First Relapse or Primary Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM) on the Phase 2 Muk Five Study: Effect on Minimal ...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/802

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background The benefit of single agent maintenance is largely established from studies in newly diagnosed patients, while extended therapy combination regimens are more commonly used in relapsed disease. Extended therapy on combination protocols may be limited by tolerability and safety, as well as patient compliance. Fixed duration combination treatment followed by single agent maintenance may...

Characterising the Immunological Microenvironment in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow By Time of Flight Cytometry Reveals Abnormalities in Antigen Presenting and Effector Lymphocyte Pop...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/58

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background Loss of immune surveillance is thought to contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance in a range of malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM). Understanding the degree and pattern of immunological abnormality present within the bone marrow microenvironment at the time of MM diagnosis is vital if we are to utilize emerging immunological therapeutic strategies success...

Analysis of the Multiple Myeloma HLA Peptidome Identifies a Naturally Presented Bcma-Derived Peptide As an Immunogenic T-Cell Epitope for Immunotherapeutic Approaches
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3173

Nov 21st, 2018 - The B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is selectively expressed by cells of the B-lineage, including multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and constitutes a promising target for immunotherapeutic approaches. At present, BCMA is being evaluated as target for immunotherapeutic approaches, such as CAR T cells and bispecific antibodies, which have demonstrated promising results in phase I clinical trials. The...

APRIL Is Significantly Elevated at All Stages of Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Interferes with Anti-Bcma Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Cytolysis, Supporting the Clinical Evaluation of Bion-1301 As a Nov...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3209

Nov 21st, 2018 - A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) is a natural ligand with higher affinity than BAFF for both B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), which are overexpressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. APRIL, which is abundantly secreted by myeloma-supporting osteoclasts and macrophages, promotes MM cell progression in vivo and further induces regulato...

Maximizing Pre-Transplant Response Is Associated with Improved Outcome for Myeloma Patients: Exploratory Analysis of the Myeloma XI Trial
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3280

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: The depth of response both pre- and post- autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has been shown to correlate with clinical outcome for myeloma patients. Maximizing response can be achieved by modifying therapy either at induction, transplant, consolidation or during maintenance. In this work we explore the role of pre-transplant induction therapy in the UK NCRI Myeloma XI clinical t...

MCL-1 Inhibition Is Highly Effective Against Multiple Myeloma Cells from Poor Prognosis Patients
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1916

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Despite recent advances in treatment, multiple myeloma (MM) is still considered incurable. Several novel therapies with different mechanisms of action are currently being studied for use in MM. These include targeted therapies such as pathway inhibitors and BCL-2 homology domain 3 (BH3) mimetics. BH3-mimetics overcome apoptosis resistance by binding and inhibiting select pro-survi...

MCRN¯003/MYX·1: A Single Arm Phase II Study of High-Dose Weekly Carfilzomib Plus Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Relapsed Multiple Myeloma after 1-3 Prior Therapies
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1984

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Carfilzomib, a second generation proteosome inhibitor, is effective in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Recent phase II and phase III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of weekly dosing strategies. The aim of this study was to examine high dose once weekly carfilzomib in combination with weekly dexamethasone and low dose weekly cyclophosphamide (w...

FDA Analysis of Outcomes in Older Adults with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3287

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of older adults with a median age of onset of 70 years. Approximately 20% of the incident cases are diagnosed in patients 85 years and older. There is significant heterogeneity among older adults with regards to the tolerability of myeloma directed therapy. In newly diagnosed transplant ineligible patients with MM, available evidence indicates that...

Baseline and on-Treatment Bone Marrow Microenvironments Predict Myeloma Patient Outcomes and Inform Potential Intervention Strategies
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1882

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction The multiple myeloma (MM) tumor microenvironment (TME) strongly influences patient outcomes as evidenced by the success of immunomodulatory therapies. To develop precision immunotherapeutic approaches, it is essential to identify and enumerate TME cell types and understand their dynamics. Methods We estimated the population of immune and other non-tumor cell types during the course...

Clinical Responses and Pharmacokinetics of MCARH171, a Human-Derived Bcma Targeted CAR T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Final Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/959

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: BCMA targeted CAR T cell therapy has shown promising results in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Herein, we report on the safety and efficacy of MCARH171, a second generation, human derived BCMA targeted autologous 4-1BB containing CAR T cell therapy, including a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor safety system (Smith EL. Mol Ther 2018). Methods: Th...

Metabolomic Profiling of Serum from Myeloma and MGUS Patients - a Novel Strategy to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Myeloma Development and Progression
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1891

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Drivers that underlie the progression of MGUS (Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance) to multiple myeloma are yet largely unknown. Because of the vast number of potential players, these drivers may not necessarily aimed to transform plasma cell or the bone marrow niche, but rather remodel a supporting microenvironment. Metabolic alterations have been linked to cancer ...

Fully Human Bcma Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Administered in a Defined Composition Demonstrate Potency at Low Doses in Advanced Stage High Risk Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1011

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Despite advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) almost all patients relapse and high risk features continue to portend a short median survival. The adoptive transfer of B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is demonstrating early promise in MM, but the durability of response has not been established. The infusion of genetically modified ...

Functional Analysis of HDAC11 in Plasma Cell Development and Multiple Myeloma Survival
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3223

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are potential novel therapeutic targets for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. A pan-HDAC inhibitor (HDI) panobinostat was approved by the FDA in 2015 to treat relapsed/refractory MM patients, and several other HDIs are currently in different phases of clinical trials. However, unfavorable side-effects of the non-selective HDIs necessitate further dissecti...

Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Analysis Using Multiparametric Flow Cytometry (MFC) and Identification of Differences in Subpopulations Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in the Bone Marrow (BM)...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3222

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: MM is characterized by the accumulation of aberrant BM plasma cells (aPCs). The use of novel agents for anti-MM treatment has enabled the achievement of deeper responses and prolonged progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). These advances have created the need for sensitive means to detect residual PCs. MFC allows aPC detection with high sensitivity and is used ...

Functional Cure, Defined As PFS of More Than 7 Years, Is Achieved in 9% of Myeloma Patients in the Era of Conventional Chemotherapy and of First-Generation Novel Anti-Myeloma Agents; A Single-Cente...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1968

Nov 21st, 2018 - Advances in the management of multiple myeloma (MM) led to a significant prolongation of overall survival (OS), mainly of the younger patients; almost 10% of them experience more than 10-year OS. Although long progression-free survival (PFS) correlates with extended OS, there is very limited information for the characteristics of patients who manage to be progression-free for a long period afte...

Molecular Characterization By Immune Profiling of Paired Blood and Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma and Its Precursor States
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4461

Nov 21st, 2018 - INTRODUCTION: Progression from precursor states, MGUS and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), to multiple myeloma (MM) is dependent upon adaptive and innate immune contexture shaped by cross-talk between malignant plasma cells and bone marrow (BM) milieu. The complexity and heterogeneity of interactions between the immune system and plasma cells in BM triggers alterations in peripheral blood (PB...

Preclinical Validation Studies Support Causal Machine Learning Based Identification of Novel Drug Targets for High-Risk Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3210

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction Regardless of significant advances in the therapy of multiple myeloma (MM) there is still a lack of effective treatment options for patients with high-risk disease. In this context, we recently developed a network of high-risk disease based on more than 30 000 genomic and clinical variables from 645 patients of the CoMMpass dataset (Gruber et al., ASH 2016). Validation of these fin...

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance - Patient Characteristics and Referral Patterns
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4496

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a prevalent hematological condition among elderly population with incidence rates of 3% and 5% over the age of 50 and 70 years, respectively (Kyle et al., 2018). It is considered a premalignant state of multiple myeloma with a risk of progression of 1% per year. It has also been shown that MGUS patients have a shorter sur...

Comprehensive Multi-Omics Analysis of Gene Fusions in a Large Multiple Myeloma Cohort
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1898

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Gene fusions are the result of genomic rearrangements that create hybrid protein products or bring the regulatory elements of one gene into close proximity of another. Fusions often dysregulate gene function or expression through oncogene overexpression or tumor suppressor underexpression (Gao, Liang, Foltz, et al. Cell Rep 2018). Some fusions such as EML4--ALK in lung adenocarcin...

Genomic Abnormalities Among African Individuals with Monoclonal Gammopathies Using Calculated Ancestry
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4458

Nov 21st, 2018 - Monoclonal gammopathies, including multiple myeloma (MM), represent a group of plasma cell (PC) disorders that comprise of mostly incurable hematopoietic malignancies with an increasing incidence in the US. Previous epidemiological studies demonstrated a 2-3 fold higher incidence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and a similarly higher incidence of MM along with a ~4-...

Preliminary Analysis of the Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group (ALLG) MM17 Trial: Response Adaptive Salvage Treatment with Carfilzomib-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (KTd) for Newly Diagnosed Tra...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3279

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background Data from the Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry (MRDR) shows that 85% of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients (pts) in ANZ are induced with bortezomib(V)-containing therapies, predominantly triplets of V-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (VCD). Of these, 15% demonstrate treatment failure - either a sub-optimal response (

CRISPR Activation Screen for Drivers of MM Cell Proliferation
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3197

Nov 21st, 2018 - CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing has become a powerful tool for loss-of-function (LOF) studies and has allowed us to systematically interrogate the function of genes regulating the survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro, in vivo and in the context of treatment resistance (e.g. De Matos Simoes et al., Shirasaki et al., and Gandolfi et al. ASH 2017). We reasoned, however...

Preliminary Results from a Phase I Study of Isatuximab (ISA) in Combination with Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, Dexamethasone (VRd), and in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) Non-Elig...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/595

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Isatuximab (ISA) is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody with multiple modes of action for killing tumor cells via direct tumor targeting and immune cell engagement. ISA, combined with bortezomib, has demonstrated strong potentiation in a multiple myeloma (MM) xenograft model (Clin Cancer Res 2014:20:4754). This supported evaluation of ISA with bortezomib combinations in pts with newly ...

Multidimensional Immunophenotyping Identifies Hallmarks of Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis (AL) and Maps the Disease in the Crossroad between MGUS and Multiple Myeloma (MM)
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3170

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Since survival in AL mainly depends on the extent of organ involvement of patients at presentation, early diagnosis and risk stratification are key to improve patients' outcome. Therefore, together with surrogates of organ involvement, biomarkers identifying patients with MGUS or MM at greater risk of developing AL would be highly valuable to prevent organ damage, to maximize therap...

CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated CD45 Knockout Inactivates Src Family Kinases and Impairs Cell Migration in Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1907

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that manifests continuous cell dissemination to multiple bone marrow (BM) niches and extramedullary (EM) sites. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain elusive. CD45, a receptor tyrosine phosphatase, is an important regulator for T-cell and B-cell signaling pathways. In MM, the loss of CD45 expression has bee...

Global 3D-Epigenetic Dysregulation of Cyclin D1 and D2 Actively Controls Their Expression Pattern in Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3904

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the over-expression of D-cyclin genes and the expression is tightly linked to cytogenetic subgroups. For instance, overexpression of CCND1 in the t(11;14) and CCND3 in the t(6;14) is direct through IgH super-enhancer translocation, and CCND2 overexpression in t(4;14), t(14;16) and t(14;20) indirectly, presumably as a result of transcriptio...

Critical Role for Apobec and Its Interacting Partners in Mediating Mutations and Cell Growth in Multiple Myeloma (MM)
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4462

Nov 21st, 2018 - The APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases include AID (activity induced deaminase) and 10 related APOBEC enzymes (A1,A2,A3A,A3B,A3C,A3D,A3F,A3G,A3H and A4). AID is well studied for its role in somatic hyper mutation and class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. APOBECs (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like) have been shown to have roles in mRNA editing and i...

Graded Cardiac Response Correlates with Relapse and Survival in AL Amyloidosis
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4486

Nov 21st, 2018 - Seventy percent of all patients with light chain amyloidosis (AL) have cardiac involvement, and most of those patients ultimately die from complications related to their heart disease. While consensus guidelines outline criteria for grading hematologic response to chemotherapy for AL, there are no currently validated criteria for grading cardiac response to therapy. Recently, Muchtar et al. cre...

Cybord-Dara Is a Highly Effective Upfront Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. Initial Efficacy Results of the 16-Bcni-001/Ctrial-IE (ICORG) 16-02 Study
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3242

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Daratumumab (DARA), a human IgG1k monoclonal antibody with single activity in multiple myeloma (MM) shows strong synergy in combination with other anti-MM agents, including immunomodulatory drug (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PI). This has led to the exploration of DARA in combination with front line regimens. Triplets including a PI and an IMiD are considered an ideal backbon...

HDP101, a Novel B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)-Targeted Antibody Conjugated to α-Amanitin, Is Active Against Myeloma with Preferential Efficacy Against Pre-Clinical Models of Deletion 17p
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/593

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Deletion (del) of 17p involving the p53 tumor suppressor (TP53) remains an adverse prognostic factor in multiple myeloma (MM) despite the use of novel agents as well as high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue. Genomic TP53 deletion can cause haploinsufficiency of nearby genes, such as RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A), which ia also located on 17p13.1. We therefor...

Cyclophosphamide, Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone Significantly Improves Response over Poma/Dex in Relapsed/Refractory Myeloma Patients Previously Treated with Cyclophosphamide Combination Therapy -...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3274

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background and aims Treatment of relapsed/refractory myeloma (RRMM) remains a challenge as most approved and commonly accessible doublet treatments induce responses (≥PR) in less than half of patients. The combination of the classical alkylator cyclophosphamide with thalidomide (CTD) or lenalidomide (CRD) is standard of care in early lines of therapy in the UK and elsewhere. Data on the clinica...

Myeloma Patient-Derived MCL1 Point Mutations Can Influence MCL1-Inhibitor Function
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/951

Nov 21st, 2018 - Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of long-lived plasma cells of the bone marrow that is rarely curable. Thus, despite recent advances in the development of new therapies, additional approaches are required. We investigated potential molecular vulnerabilities in the BCL2 family. Using the MMRF CoMMpass (NCT0145429) study (IA13), we determined the frequency of nonsynonymous coding mutations in the...

Hematogenous Extramedullary Relapse in Multiple Myeloma - A Multicenter Retrospective Study in 127 Patients
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/2004

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Hematogenous extramedullary multiple myeloma (HEMM), though rare, is mainly observed in MM patients at relapse. The current study assesses the characteristics and outcomes of patients with MM who develop HEMM in the novel agent era. Methods: Consecutive patients, treated in 16 participating centers and diagnosed with HEMM, were included. Patient characteristics at diagnosis and at H...

Deciphering Clonal Evolution and Dissemination of Multiple Myeloma Cells In Vivo
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/55

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex and evolutionary process with well defined precursor states, which offer a unique opportunity to study the sequential evolution of the disease. A small number of detectable pre-malignant clones are present in early stage and continue to acquire more genomic abnormalities leading to overt disease. The interaction between cancer cells a...

Progression Free Survival below 12 Months Following Stem Cell Transplant Is a Hallmark of High-Risk Myeloma Which Is Associated with Inferior Overall Survival — Data from the Ukmrc Myeloma XI Trial
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/122

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction Multi-agent induction chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is a standard of care for younger patients with multiple myeloma, aimed at maximising the depth and duration of first response (PFS1). However, the duration of PFS1 is variable between patients. Improved understanding of how to identify high risk patients who relapse early and the ability to desig...

High Levels of APOBEC3B Gene Expression Contribute to Poor Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma Patients
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3897

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Poor prognosis and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with increased mutational load. APOBEC3B is a major contributor to mutagenesis, especially in myeloma patients with t(14;16) MAF subgroup. It was shown recently that presence of the APOBEC signature at diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)...

Deep Immunoprofiling of the Bone Marrow Microenvironmental Changes Underlying the Multistep Progression of Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/243

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction The multistep progression of multiple myeloma from a normal plasma cell to a system with the features of invasive cancer provides a unique opportunity to understand the co-evolution of the malignant clone within its microenvironment. Understanding these changes is becoming increasingly important as we attempt to design early intervention strategies and to precisely leverage emergin...

Proliferation and Molecular Risk Score of Low Risk Myeloma Cells Are Increased in High Risk Microenvironment Via Augmented Bioavailability of Growth Factors
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1929

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) cells from patients with smoldering MM (SMM) and low-risk (LR) MM harbor genetic alterations typically seen in patients with high-risk (HR) disease. To test whether the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a role in controlling growth of LR MM cells, we established an experimental model that mimics a HR microenvironment by co-culturing normal mesenchymal s...

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Assay Shows High Clonal Characterization Success Rate for Plasma Cell Neoplasms, and Concordance with Flow Cytometry in Minimal Residual Disease Detection
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4475

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction After therapy or stem cell transplantation, multiple myeloma patients achieving complete response (CR) or stringent complete response (sCR) can still have a significant risk of disease relapse, illustrating the importance of using highly sensitive methods for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection and prognostication. Two techniques used clinically for MRD detection include multi...

Development and Evaluation of CART Targeting Bcma with Humanized Alpaca-Derived Single-Domain Antibody As Antigen Recognition Domain
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1976

Nov 21st, 2018 - Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) targeting CD19 have shown substantial activity against leukemia and lymphoma, which motivated developing CART cell therapy for Multiple myeloma (MM). B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is the target molecule in MM. Several kinds of CART targeting BCMA have been created from 2016. Among these, the Bluebird Bio uses the humanized murine BCMA scFv to make CAR...

Identification of Specificity Groups in Myeloma Patients T Cell Receptor (TCR) Repertoire through Single Cell TCR Sequencing
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4459

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: A renewed interest in immune and cellular based therapeutics in multiple myeloma was recently fueled by the development of CD38 targeting monoclonal antibodies as well as the introduction of engineered CAR-T cells. Daratumumab treatment in myeloma patients was demonstrated to expand clonal CD8+T cells and T cell clonality was correlated with the depth of response consistent with a d...

Novel Combination Therapy Targeting rDNA Transcription and Histone Deacetylation Provides Effective Treatment for Multiple Myeloma, and Synergises in Bortezomib-Resistant MM
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/1945

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) requires combination drug therapies to delay acquired drug resistance and clinical relapse. We co-developed CX-5461, a highly-selective inhibitor of RNA polymerase I-mediated rDNA transcription(1), currently in phase I trials for relapsed haematological malignancies (Peter Mac). CX-5461 produces a targeted nucleolar DNA damage response (DDR), triggering both a ...

Quantitative Integrative Prediction of Survival Probability in Multiple Myeloma Using Molecular and Clinical Prognostic Factors in 657 Patients Treated with Bortezomib-Based Induction, High-Dose Th...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/403

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background Survival in multiple myeloma ranges from months to decades and the majority of patients remain incurable with current treatment approaches. Given this high variability, it would be clinically very useful to quantitatively predict survival on a continuous scale. Current risk prediction models attribute patients to 2-3 groups, i.e. high, intermediate, and low risk. Group size and survi...

Immune Mediated Mechanisms of Resistance to Daratumumab
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3201

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Daratumumab (Dara) is a human monoclonal antibody targeting the highly expressed multiple myeloma (MM) surface receptor CD38, with significant activity in relapsed MM. However, resistance to Dara develops in virtually all patients (pts). Thus, in order to maximize its clinical activity and prevent resistance, it is imperative to understand why pts stop responding. Our group recent...

Real World Analysis of the Incidence and Impact of Hypertension and Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Carfilzomib for Patients with Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3255

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a potent, irreversible proteasome inhibitor (PI) licenced in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) demonstrating improved progression free and overall survival (OS) to standard of care therapies. However, CFZ is also associated with hypertension (HTN) and rarely cardiac toxicity. The exact mechanism is unclear but may be due to a disturbance of endothelial nitric ...

Real World Data on the Efficacy and Safety of Daratumumab in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Data Collected from the Hungarian Hematology Centers
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3257

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Daratumumab is one of the most effective new myeloma drugs recently approved for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM), first in monotherapy in heavily pretreated patients, later in triplet combinations from first relapse, based on the results of the SIRIUS, POLLUX and CASTOR trials that showed good tolerability and high effectivity of daratumumab both in monotherapy and combine...

Durable Remission Achieved from Bcma-Directed CAR-T Therapy Against Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/956

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Promising results are seen from several early phase clinical trials on the cellular immunotherapy based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM). We developed an anti-BCMA CAR-T cell product manufactured via gamma-retrovirus-mediated transduction of activated...

Immunoglobulin Lambda Translocations Identify Poor Outcome and IMiD Resistance in Multiple Myeloma and Co-Occur with Hyperdiploidy
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/405

Nov 21st, 2018 - Patients with the plasma cell malignancy multiple myeloma now benefit from treatments such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), autologous stem cell transplant, and monoclonal antibodies. However, 20% of patients still relapse or die within two years and are deemed 'high risk'. Current markers fail to identify all high-risk patients resulting in misdiagnoses, therefor...

Real-World Outcomes with Bortezomib-Containing Regimens and Lenalidomide Plus Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Transplant Ineligible MM Patients: A Multi-Institutional Report from the National My...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/2008

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Bortezomib-containing regimens (BCRs) have been the standard frontline approach for the treatment of transplant ineligible multiple myeloma (TIMM) patients in Canada for many years. Based on recent randomized clinical trial results lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Ld) has become another provincially funded option in Canada in the same therapeutic space. We aimed to compare the effe...

Outcome of Soft-Tissue Plasmocytomas in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with New Drugs
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3235

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) can be associated with paraskeletal (PP) or extramedullary (EMP) plasmocytomas (PL). Although PLs are relatively frequent, even at diagnosis, our knowledge on the subject mainly relies on small case series or single center experiences. Remarkably, little is known regarding the role of new drugs on MM with PL. Aim To perform a meta-analysis of 8 EMN-GIMEMA stud...

E2F1 Is a Biomarker of Selinexor Resistance in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3216

Nov 21st, 2018 - Selinexor (KPT-330) is a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) which specifically targets XPO1 (Exportin 1)-mediated nuclear export, leading to increased nuclear retention of major tumor suppressor proteins and inducing selective apoptosis in cancer cells. Several phase I and II clinical trials demonstrate evidence of anti-cancer activity of Selinexor in solid tumors (i.e metastatic pros...

Outcomes of Black Patients with Multiple Myeloma in the Veterans Health Administration
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/840

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common hematologic malignancy in blacks with more than twice the incidence of non-black populations in national registry data. Prior studies have shown that blacks present with MM at an earlier age and have improved survival compared to non-blacks, contrary to the pattern in most malignancies. These findings have been theorized due to the effects of...

Early Serum Free Light Chain (SFLC) Kinetics Is Highly Predictive of Renal Response in Carfilzomib/ Dexamethasone (Cfz/Dex) in Myeloma (MM) Patients with Renal Impairment (RI) — Interim Analysis of...
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3283

Nov 21st, 2018 - BACKGROUND & METHODS Cfz/Dex is a standard of care in relapsed MM, and renal impairment is a poor prognostic factor. The ALLG MM16 trial was initiated to assess the feasibility of treating patients (pts) who have significant RI (eGFR 15 - 40 ml/min) with Cfz/Dex, and to determine whether an early reduction in serum free light chains (SFLC), with a short half-life, could predict renal outcome. A...

Impact of Early Progression on Long Term Outcomes Among Myeloma Patients Receiving Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (RVD) Induction Therapy
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3302

Nov 21st, 2018 - Background: The incorporation of modern day induction regimens, autotransplant and continuous maintenance has resulted in better long-term outcomes for myeloma patients. Experience and trials demonstrated that by prolonging 1st progression-free survival (PFS1) and pushing the relapse farther, we can gain the OS advantage (McCarthy et al NEJM 2012). Unfortunately, a subgroup of patients fail to ...

Impact of HIV on Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Individuals with Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3162

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: HIV infection and the resulting immunodeficiency predispose individuals to various plasma cell disorders including reactive plasmacytosis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma (MM) and plamacytomas. Studies have demonstrated nearly 4.5-fold increased risk of MM in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. Limited evidence from case reports/small serie...

Impact of Treatment on B-Cell Regeneration By Next Generation Flow Cytometry in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/4491

Nov 21st, 2018 - Introduction: Several studies have shown the role of the immune system in the development of MM, but there is no systematic description of normal B-cell regeneration during treatment points. Recently, EuroFlow consortium has developed NGF panel with high sensitivity to evaluated MRD and potentially, to assess of the normal B-cell compartment of patients with MM. Aims: Here we evaluated the B ce...

Effective Lipidoid Nanoparticle Delivery In Vivo of siRNA Targeting Kappa Light Chain Production in a Murine Xenograft Model
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/132/Suppl_1/3208

Nov 21st, 2018 - INTRODUCTION: Despite advances in therapy, patients with relapsed AL amyloidosis die of resistant disease. New therapies are needed. siRNA directed at the constant regions of Ig light chains (LC) reduces LC mRNA and protein from patient cells, from human myeloma and AL cell lines, and in a flank plasmacytoma model with in vivo electroporation (Blood 2014;123:3440; Gene Ther 2016;23:727). To del...

Use of the myocutaneous serratus anterior free flap for reconstruction after salvage glossectomy

Abstract

Purpose

To describe the use of a myocutaneous serratus anterior free flap (SAFF) for tongue reconstruction after salvage subtotal (STG) and total glossectomy (TG).

Methods

In this prospective case series, seven patients underwent salvage STG or TG and reconstruction with a myocutaneous SAFF between 10/2015 and 02/2017. Functional and oncologic outcomes were prospectively evaluated. Donor side morbidity was determined using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score.

Results

SAFF with mean skin paddles of 6.7 cm × 8.7 cm was used in five STG and two TG patients, respectively. There was a 100% flap survival and a mean DASH score of 10.8 reflected normal arm and shoulder function after surgery. One year after salvage surgery, 1 (14.3%) and 4 (57.1%) patients were tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube dependent. Gastrostomy tube dependence was significantly worse in patients with tumors of the base of tongue compared to other tumor sites (p = 0.030) and in patients who underwent transcervical compared to transoral tumor resection (p = 0.008). Local recurrence rate was 57.1% with a disease-free survival of 17.6 months.

Conclusion

The myocutaneous SAFF represents a safe and reliable flap for tongue reconstruction after salvage glossectomy with satisfying functional outcomes and low donor side morbidity.



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CD4+ T cells induce productions of IL-5 and IL-13 through MHCII on ILC2s in a murine model of allergic rhinitis

CD4+ T cells play an important role not only in the induction of allergy but also in allergic inflammation. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) also mediate type 2 immune responses in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the relationships between CD4+ T cells and ILC2s in allergic condition are currently not well defined. The study aimed to evaluate the potential influences of CD4+ T cells on ILC2s in the murine model of AR.

https://ift.tt/2PC8NGa

The differences in the expression of fractalkine and its receptor in conditions of tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis

Fractalkine, member of chemokine family, is involved in many inflammatory processes in the human body. The aim of this study is to compare expression levels of fractalkine ligand and its receptor in chronic tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsil samples.

https://ift.tt/2zUrsI7

An internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm with neck hematoma: A rare cause of a life-threatening neck mass mimicking an abscess

A neck mass has a broad and complex differential diagnosis, generally divided into neoplastic, congenital and inflammatory categories. An internal carotid artery hemorrhage with pseudoaneurysm formation is a very rare entity that may resemble other common conditions in the differential diagnosis. Large, expanding or symptomatic pseudoaneurysm is critical to efficiently diagnose and manage, due to risk of life-threatening hemorrhage. We present a case of an adult male patient with clinical and laboratory signs of severe neck cellulitis and a large gradually increasing neck mass, primarily suggestive of an abscess.

https://ift.tt/2PC8FXc

Association between treatment delays and oncologic outcome in patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

Abstract

Background

This study sought to determine the oncologic impact of delays to surgery, radiotherapy, and completion of therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

The impact of biopsy to surgery (BTS) time, surgery to start of radiation time (STSR), and radiation treatment time (RTT) on locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastases (DMs), and cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) was examined. The cumulative incidences (CI) of LRR, DMs, and CSM were examined using Fine–Gray testing.

Results

A total of 277 patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy were analyzed. On multivariable testing, BTS >50 days was associated with DM (P = .03), whereas RTT and STSR were not. RTT >43 days was associated with LRR (P = .02) in patients with non‐p16‐positive‐oropharynx cancer.

Conclusions

An increase in DM appears to be the mechanism by which prolonged time to treatment initiation leads to worse overall survival. Prolonged RTT has the greatest impact on patients with non‐p16 positive oropharynx cancers.



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AHNS series: Do you know your guidelines? Diagnosis and management of salivary gland tumors

Abstract

This article is the next installment of the series "Do you know your guidelines" presented by the Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society. Guidelines for the workup and management of tumors of the major and minor salivary glands are reviewed.



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Detection of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded microRNAs in plasma of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) latently infected by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) expresses 40 EBV BART microRNAs (miRNAs). Difference in diagnostic efficacy of these miRNAs on NPC detection was observed. Here, we performed a comprehensive evaluation on the efficacy of these miRNAs.

Methods

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on plasma nucleic acid isolated from patients with NPC and noncancer donors.

Results

For primary NPC, BART2‐5P, BART6‐3P, BART7‐3P, BART7‐5P, BART9‐5P, BART11‐3P, BART17‐5P, and BART19‐5P were significantly elevated. For recurrent NPC, plasma levels of BART2‐3P, BART2‐5P, BART5‐3P, BART5‐5P, BART6‐3P, BART8‐3P, BART9‐5P, BART17‐5P, BART19‐3P, and BART20‐3P were significantly increased. Area under curve (AUC) analysis showed that BART19‐5P had the best performance to identify NPC which was serologically EBV DNA undetectable. For recurrent NPC, BART8‐3P and BART10‐3P had highest AUC value for identifying cancer in EBV DNA undetectable plasma.

Conclusion

Our data supported the use of circulating EBV miRNAs in NPC and recurrent NPC detection.



https://ift.tt/2SN5cHw

18F‐FDG PET/MRI vs MRI in patients with recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate and compare the diagnostic potential of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (18FDG‐PET/MRI) and MRI for recurrence diagnostics after primary therapy in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

Methods

A total of 32 dedicated head and neck 18F‐FDG PET/MRI datasets were included in this analysis. MRI and 18F‐FDG PET/MRI datasets were analyzed in separate sessions by two readers for tumor recurrence or metastases.

Results

Lesion‐based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 96%, 84%, 90%, 93%, and 91% for 18F‐FDG PET/MRI and 77%, 94%, 95%, 73%, and 84% for MRI, resulting in a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy of 18F‐FDG PET/MRI compared to MRI (P < .005).

Conclusion

18F‐FDG PET/MRI is superior to MRI in detecting local recurrence and metastases in patients with ACC of the head and neck. Especially concerning its negative predictive value, 18F‐FDG PET/MRI outperforms MRI.



https://ift.tt/2SO4N7C

Plasma metabolite profiling and chemometric analyses of tobacco snuff dippers and patients with oral cancer: Relationship between metabolic signatures

Abstract

Background

Cancer of oral cavity is a seriously growing problem in many parts of the world. In Indian subcontinent, most of these cases have been attributed to the use of tobacco‐related products. This study is focused on the identification of distinguishing metabolites of oral cancer in comparison with tobacco snuff dippers and healthy controls.

Methods

A total of 234 plasma samples including 62 healthy controls, 81 tobacco snuff dippers, and 91 oral cancer samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry.

Results

Twenty‐nine of 3326 metabolites were found to distinguish among oral cancer, tobacco snuff dippers, and healthy controls using P‐value ≤.001 and fold change ≥3. Prediction model was generated with an overall accuracy of 89.3%. Two metabolites, that is, stearyl alcohol and sucrose, can be used as predictive biomarkers showing progression of tobacco snuff dippers toward oral cancer.

Conclusion

The unique metabolite profile gives evidence of a strong correlation between tobacco snuff dipping and oral cancer.



https://ift.tt/2QO3JmO

Trends in Female Leadership at High‐Profile Otolaryngology Journals, 1997–2017

Objectives

To determine the proportion and relative advancement of women in leadership positions at high‐impact otolaryngology journals.

Methods

Nine clinical otolaryngology journals were selected based on high impact factor and subspecialty representation (journal impact factor, 2016: 1.16–2.95). The proportion of women editorial board members associate and/or section editors, and/or editor‐in‐chief was measured from 1997 to 2017. Comparisons were made to the proportion of women otolaryngology faculty at U.S. medical schools in 2017.

Results

From 1997 to 2017, female editorial board membership increased from 7.2% (range: 0.0%–12.8%) to 17.7% (range: 10.9%–38.9%) (P = 0.0001). In 2017, the proportion of female editorial board members was significantly less than the proportion of female academic otolaryngology faculty (17.7% vs. 27.7%, P = 0.0001), and there was threefold variation between journals. From 1997 to 2017, the proportion of female associate and/or section editors increased from 9.3% (range: 0.0–27.3) to 20.9% (range: 5.3% to 45.5%) (P = 0.09). In 2017, the proportion of female associate and/or section editors was not significantly different than the proportion of female associate or full professor academic otolaryngology faculty (20.9% vs. 19.5%, P = 0.73), but there was ninefold variation between journals.

Conclusion

Women were underrepresented on eight of nine otolaryngology editorial boards but appropriately represented at the associate and/or section editorship level. There was remarkable variation in representation at individual journals, which may provide future opportunities to examine best practices. Disparity exists in leadership at the most senior level of these high‐profile otolaryngology journals: none had women editor‐in‐chiefs.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 2018



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How Much Blood Could a JP Suck If a JP Could Suck Blood?

Objective

Active surgical drains minimize fluid accumulation in the postoperative period. The Jackson‐Pratt (JP) system consists of a silicone drain connected by flexible tubing to a bulb. When air in the bulb is evacuated, negative pressure is applied at the surgical site to aspirate fluid. The objective of this study was to determine if the evacuation method and volume of accumulated fluid affect the pressure generated by the bulb.

Methods

Bulbs were connected to a digital manometer under various experimental conditions. A random number generator determined the initial evacuation method for each bulb, either side‐in or bottom‐up. Subsequent evacuations were alternated until data was collected in triplicate for each method. Predetermined amounts of water were placed into the bulb; air was evacuated; and pressure was recorded. The digital manometer was allowed to equilibrate for 1 minute prior to data acquisition.

Results

The average amount of pressure after a side‐in evacuation of a JP bulb was 87.4 cm H2O compared to 17.7 cm H2O for a bottom‐up evacuation (P < 0.0001). When the drain contained 25 mL, 50 mL, 75 mL, and 100 mL of fluid, the pressure applied dropped to 72.6, 41.3, 37.0, and 35.6 cm H2O, respectively.

Conclusions

JP drains generate negative pressure in order to reduce fluid accumulation at surgical sites. Although its function is frequently taken for granted, this study demonstrates that both the specific method for evacuating the bulb as well as the amount of fluid in the bulb significantly affect the performance of this device.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 2018



https://ift.tt/2CaySJ9

Immunologic modification in mono‐ and poly‐sensitized patients after sublingual immunotherapy

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare immunologic modification and treatment outcomes after 2 years of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with house dust mite extracts (HDM) between monosensitized and polysensitized patients with allergic rhinitis.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Among the patients who were prospectively enrolled in the SLIT cohort study, patients with allergic rhinitis who were sensitized to HDM and treated with SLIT for at least 2 years were studied. All participants underwent serologic tests at baseline and after SLIT to evaluate changes in immunologic parameters. The total nasal symptom score (TNSS) was measured before and after SLIT, and effective and less effective responder groups were categorized depending on whether patients had a TNSS reduction of 50%, as compared with baseline.

Results

The increase in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae specific immunoglobulin G4 levels was significantly higher in monosensitized patients than in polysensitized patients (P = .020 and P = .005, respectively). The TNSS significantly improved after SLIT in both the monosensitized and polysensitized groups (P < .001 in both groups). However, the difference in the changes in TNSS from baseline was not significant between the two groups (P = .374).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated different immunologic modifications after SLIT between monosensitized and polysensitized patients. However, patients in the polysensitized group who were treated with single‐allergen SLIT experienced clinical improvement in TNSS that was comparable with that in the monosensitized group despite demonstrating different immunologic changes.

Level of Evidence

2b. Laryngoscope, 2018



https://ift.tt/2Lfc1yU

Transoral rigid 70‐degree laryngoscopy in a pediatric voice clinic

Objective

Complaints of dysphonia and dysphagia frequently require rigid or flexible laryngoscopy in the office to aid in diagnosis. For young children, flexible laryngoscopy can be uncomfortable and often requires multiple adults to restrain the child. Rigid laryngoscopy does not result in crying but does require patient cooperation; thus, it is used primarily in adults. This project describes our experience using rigid laryngoscopy in a pediatric cohort.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review of patients at a pediatric voice clinic who underwent laryngoscopy from December 2011 through March 2017. Data analysis is via Student t test and descriptive analysis.

Results

Three hundred and eleven patients were identified with 423 unique laryngoscopy exams. Of those, 212 of the exams were flexible and 210 were rigid. One patient did not tolerate either rigid or flexible exam. There was a statistically significant difference in age between children diagnosed via rigid mean 10.92 years (range 2.39–19.14 years) versus flexible mean 6.51 years (range 0.41–19.29 years), P ≤ 0.01. Of the 44 children under 3 years of age, flexible laryngoscopy was used almost exclusively, with 43 of 44 (97.7%) flexible scope exams. Rigid laryngoscopy was performed on 24 of 115 (20.9%) children aged 3 to 5 years, 26 of 40 (65%) aged 6 years, and 159 of 223 (71.3%) aged 7 and older.

Conclusion

Transoral 70o rigid laryngoscopy can be used in select children as young as 3 years of age. This modality allows for improved visualization of lesions with greater comfort for patients. Laryngoscope, 2018



https://ift.tt/2C95IK8

Impact of Balloon Diameter on Dilation Outcomes in a Model of Rabbit Subglottic Stenosis

Objective

To determine the appropriate balloon size for dilation using a previously described reproducible survival animal model of subglottic stenosis.

Study Design

Prospective animal study.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study including 16 New Zealand White rabbits. The airway of each animal was sized with an endotracheal tube (ETT), and subglottic stenosis (SGS) was endoscopically induced using Bugbee electrocautery to 75% of the circumference of the subglottis, followed by 4‐hour intubation. Two weeks postoperatively, the rabbits' airways were sized and then dilated using a 6‐, 7‐, 8‐, or 9‐mm balloon, with four animals in each experimental group. Following dilation, animals were again sized and subsequently euthanized. The cricoid lumen was measured microscopically in each animal.

Results

Prior to inducing stenosis, all animals were sized with a 3.5 ETT. After inducing injury but prior to dilation, airways showed grade 2 SGS that sized with a 2.5 ETT with no leak. Postdilation, animals dilated with 6‐ or 7‐mm balloons (n = 8) sized with a 3.0 ETT, and animals dilated with an 8‐ or 9‐mm balloon (n = 8) sized with a 3.5 ETT. Postdilation median cricoid lumen measurements were 12.5 mm2 (6‐mm balloon), 13.92 mm2 (7 mm), 16.83 mm2 (8 mm), and 17.15 mm2 (9 mm); two cricoid fractures occurred in the 9‐mm group.

Conclusion

The postdilation cricoid lumen diameter increased with increased balloon size, and the use of an 8‐mm balloon achieved the largest cricoid lumen diameter without causing fracture. Further research is necessary to determine the ideal duration of dilation and optimal intervals between dilations.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 2018



https://ift.tt/2Lfk1jn

Isolated Recovery of Adductor Muscle Function Following Bilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

Objectives/Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to analyze the phoniatric and respiratory outcomes of a subset of bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) patients who were all treated with unilateral endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy (EAAL). EAAL is a nondestructive, minimally invasive glottis widening operation, which does not damage either the surgically treated or the contralateral vocal cord. Therefore, it does not impair the regeneration potential of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Study Design

Case series.

Methods

Ten out of 21 BVCP patients who were treated with EAAL showed signs of isolated adduction recovery at 1 year and were chosen for this study. Functional results (objective and subjective voice analysis, spirometric measurement) and vocal cord movements were assessed preoperatively, 1 week and 1 year after EAAL. Laryngeal electromyography was performed on the 12th postoperative month.

Results

The volitional adductor movement seen on laryngoscopy was corroborated by laryngeal electromyography evaluation. Peak inspiratory flow increased significantly after EAAL. Quality‐of‐life scores also showed high patient satisfaction. Shimmer showed consistent improvement along with harmonic‐to‐noise ratio and average maximal phonation time in parallel with the improving vocal cord movement. Complex voice analysis and subjective self‐evaluation tests also demonstrated significant improvement.

Conclusions

EAAL, as a minimally invasive, nondestructive airway widening technique, does not interfere with the potential regeneration process that can still occur after BVCP, allowing for laryngeal functional recovery. It is a safe and effective treatment for BVCP that allows a simple solution with good phonatory, swallowing, and respiratory benefits by unilateral passive and reversible vocal cord lateralization.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2018



https://ift.tt/2LfIx3X

Vestibular atelectasis: Decoding pressure and sound‐induced nystagmus with bilateral vestibulopathy

We present the case of a 27‐year‐old male who presented with vertigo when pressing the entrance of his right auditory meatus and exposing his right ear to loud noise. A diagnostic procedure revealed bilateral labyrinth weakness, which was confirmed by caloric and rotational testing. The ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials investigation demonstrated a significant weakness of the right utriculus, whereas the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were normal, indicating preservation of the saccular response. Radiologic studies did not show evidence of labyrinthine dehiscence. We suspect the newly described association of this clinical syndrome with the previously described histopathology of vestibular atelectasis accounts for these findings. Laryngoscope, 2018



https://ift.tt/2CbxPZm

Office‐based transnasal esophagoscopy biopsies for histological diagnosis of head and neck patients

Objectives/Hypothesis

To present yield of transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) biopsies of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) lesions and define the role of TNE as a safe alternative to rigid endoscopy.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

All patients who underwent TNE‐guided biopsies attempted over a 2‐year period were included. Patients were identified using coding records and outpatient diaries. Demographic data were recorded as well as the histological diagnosis and additional histological diagnostic procedures.

Results

During the observation period, 134 TNE‐guided procedures were attempted. The procedure could not be completed in 19 patients. There were 102/115 (89%) patients who did not require further interventions for histological diagnosis of the tumor. The most common biopsied area was the larynx (53), followed by the tongue base (29). The most common malignancy was invasive squamous cell carcinoma in 42/115 (36.5%).

Conclusions

The work presented in this article strongly suggests that TNE‐guided biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for patients suspected of having carcinoma of the UADT.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2018



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The incredible effect of OSA surgery on blood pressure: Too good to be true?



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Vocal fold botulinum toxin injection for refractory paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder

Objective

Demonstrate efficacy of vocal fold botulinum toxin injection for treatment of refractory paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD).

Methods

A retrospective review was completed of patients diagnosed with PVFMD who underwent vocal fold botulinum toxin injection for dyspnea symptoms that persisted despite laryngeal control therapy, medical management, and biofeedback therapy. Outcomes measured included overall improvement and resolution of dyspnea symptoms, number of botulinum toxin injections and dose range, change in dyspnea severity index (DSI) scores, and adverse effects of injection therapy.

Results

Thirteen patients (9 female/4 male) underwent vocal fold botulinum toxin injection for refractory PVFMD. The average dose was 2.55 units per vocal fold (range 1.75–5.5 units). The average number of injections was 3.85 (range 1–12 injections). Eleven of 13 (84.6%) patients experienced improvement in dyspnea symptoms, with two of 11 (18.2%) having complete resolution of symptoms. There was a statistically significant improvement in DSI scores because the mean preinjection DSI was 30.43 and improved to 17.43 postinjection (P = 0.017). Temporary breathy voice quality was experienced by all patients with no other adverse side effects.

Conclusion

Vocal fold botulinum toxin injection is a safe and effective treatment option for PVFMD and should be considered in patients with refractory dyspnea symptoms following appropriate medical therapy and respiratory retraining protocols.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2018



https://ift.tt/2LhoWQS

Severe Facial-Disfiguring Xeroderma Pigmentosum With Rapidly Progressing Malignant Tumors

A 6-year-old boy presented with several tumoral lesions, which developed from local freckles beginning at 6 months of age and gradually spread with protruding growth. What is your diagnosis?

https://ift.tt/2RYrohw

Association Between Conventional Bicycle Helmet Use and Facial Injuries After Bicycle Crashes

This cohort study examines the association between use of bicycle helmets and the incidence of facial injuries after bicycle crashes.

https://ift.tt/2Quwc1K

The Essentials-Only Emergency Tracheotomy Pan

This case series describes the development and use of a novel mini-tracheostomy tray for procedures involving the upper airway.

https://ift.tt/2S4XvMw

Is It Time to Rethink the Approach to Internal Nasal Valve Stenosis?

This Viewpoint examines several previous studies of internal nasal valve stenosis and questions if there is potential for a less invasive technique.

https://ift.tt/2Quw7uY

Using craniofacial characteristics to predict optimum airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea treatment

Publication date: Available online 12 December 2018

Source: Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Thays Crosara Abrahão Cunha, Thais Moura Guimarães, Fernanda R. Almeida, Fernanda L.M. Haddad, Luciana B.M. Godoy, Thulio M. Cunha, Luciana O. Silva, Sergio Tufik, Lia Bittencourt

Abstract
Introduction

Manual titration is the gold standard to determinate optimal continuous positive airway pressure, and the prediction of the optimal pressure is important to avoid delays in prescribing a continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

Objective

To verify whether anthropometric, polysomnographic, cephalometric, and upper airway clinical assessments can predict the optimal continuous positive airway pressure setting for obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Methods

Fifty men between 25 and 65 years, with body mass indexes of less than or equal to 35 kg/m2 were selected. All patients had baseline polysomnography followed by cephalometric and otolaryngological clinical assessments. On a second night, titration polysomnography was carried out to establish the optimal pressure.

Results

The average age of the patients was 43 ± 12.3 years, with a mean body mass index of 27.1 ± 3.4 kg/m2 and an apnea–hypopnea index of 17.8 ± 10.5 events/h. Smaller mandibular length (p = 0.03), smaller atlas–jaw distance (p = 0.03), and the presence of a Mallampati III and IV (p = 0.02) were predictors for higher continuous positive airway pressure. The formula for the optimal continuous positive airway pressure was: 17.244 − (0.133 × jaw length) + (0.969 × Mallampati III and IV classification) − (0.926 × atlas–jaw distance).

Conclusion

In a sample of male patients with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea, the optimal continuous positive airway pressure was predicted using the mandibular length, atlas–jaw distance and Mallampati classification.

Resumo
Introdução

A titulação manual é o padrão ouro para determinar a pressão ideal para o tratamento com a pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas; e a predição da pressão ideal é importante para evitar retardos na sua prescrição.

Objetivo

Verificar se as avaliações clínicas antropométricas, polissonográficas, cefalométricas e das vias aéreas superiores podem predizer a configuração ideal da pressão do aparelho de pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas para pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono.

Método

Foram selecionados 50 homens entre 25 e 65 anos, com índice de massa corporal menor ou igual a 35 kg/m2. Todos os pacientes realizaram polissonografia basal, seguida de avaliações clínicas cefalométricas e otorrinolaringológicas. Na segunda noite, foi realizada polissonografia de titulação para estabelecer a pressão ideal.

Resultados

A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 43 ± 12,3 anos, com índice de massa corporal médio de 27,1 ± 3,4 kg/m2 e índice de apneia-hipopneia de 17,8 ± 10,5 eventos por hora. Menor comprimento mandibular (p = 0,03), menor distância atlas-maxila (p = 0,03) e a presença de Mallampati III e IV (p = 0,02) foram preditores de pressão mais elevada. A fórmula para a pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas foi: 17,24 − (0,133 × comprimento da mandíbula) + (0,969 × classificação de Mallampati III e IV) − (0,926 × distância atlas-mandíbula).

Conclusão

Em uma amostra de homens com apneia obstrutiva do sono leve a moderada, a pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas foi predita usando o comprimento mandibular, a distância atlas-mandíbula e a classificação de Mallampati.



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The effect of very low dose pulsed magnetic waves on cochlea

Publication date: Available online 12 December 2018

Source: Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Birgül Tuhanioğlu, Sanem Okşan Erkan, Seren Gülşen Gürgen, Talih Özdaş, Orhan Görgülü, Figen Çiçekc, İsmail Günay

Abstract
Introduction

In daily life biological systems are usually exposed to magnetic field forces at different intensities and frequencies, either directly or indirectly. Despite negative results, the therapeutic use of the low dose magnetic field has been found in recent studies. The effect of magnetic field forces on cochlear cells is not clear in the literature.

Objective

In our study, we first applied in vivo pulsed magnetic fields to laboratory rats to investigate the effects on cochlea with distortion product otoacoustic emission test followed by histopathological examinations.

Methods

Twelve rats were included in this study, separated into two groups as study group and control group. The rats in the study group were exposed to 40 Hz pulsed magnetic field for 1 h/day for 30 days; the hearing of the rats was controlled by otoacoustic emission test. Also, their cochleas were removed and histochemical examination was performed by Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and TUNEL methods.

Results

A statistically significant difference was determined (p < 0.05) when the hearing thresholds of the groups obtained by using 5714 Hz and 8000 Hz stimuli were compared by Kruskal–Wallis test. A significant reaction was observed in the study group, especially in the outer ciliated cells during immunohistochemical examinations by using Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 methods. A significantly positive difference was determined in the study group, especially at the outer ciliated cells and the support cells of the corti organ, when compared to the control group (p < 0.05) by the TUNEL method.

Conclusion

According to the results of our study, the very low dose magnetic field, which is considered to be used for therapeutic purposes recently, can cause both auditory function defects and histopathologic damage in cochlear cells.

Resumo
Introdução

Os sistemas biológicos são geralmente expostos a forças de campo magnético em diferentes intensidades e frequências, direta ou indiretamente, na vida diária. Apesar dos resultados negativos, o uso terapêutico do campo magnético de baixa dose tem sido encontrado em estudos recentes. O efeito das forças do campo magnético sobre as células cocleares não está claro na literatura.

Objetivo

Em nosso estudo, aplicamos pela primeira vez campos magnéticos pulsados in vivo em ratos de laboratório para investigar os efeitos na cóclea através do teste de emissão otoacústica por produto de distorção e análises histopatológicas.

Método

Doze ratos foram incluídos neste estudo, os quais foram separados em dois grupos, grupo de estudo e grupo controle. Os ratos do grupo de estudo foram expostos a campo magnético pulsado de 40 hz por 1 hora/dia por 30 dias, e a audição dos ratos foi controlada por testes de emissão otoacústica. Além disso, suas cócleas foram colhidas e o exame histoquímico foi realizado pelos métodos caspase-3, caspase-9 e TUNEL.

Resultados

Foi determinada uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) quando os limiares auditivos dos grupos obtidos por meio dos estímulos de 5714 Hz e 8000 Hz foram comparados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Uma reação significante foi observada no grupo de estudo, especialmente nas células ciliadas externas nas análises imunohistoquímicas, utilizando os métodos Caspase-3 e Caspase-9. Uma diferença significantemente positiva foi determinada no grupo de estudo, especialmente nas células ciliadas externas e nas células de suporte do órgão de Corti, quando comparadas ao grupo controle (p < 0,05) pelo método TUNEL.

Conclusão

De acordo com os resultados do nosso estudo, o campo magnético de dose baixa, que tem sido considerado para uso terapêutico recentemente, pode causar defeitos na função auditiva e danos histopatológicos nas células cocleares.



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A systematic review of current methodology of high resolution pharyngeal manometry with and without impedance

Abstract

Purpose

This systematic review appraises and summaries methodology documented in studies using high resolution pharyngeal manometry (HRM) with and without impedance technology (HRIM) in adult populations.

Methods

Four electronic databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to, and including March 2017. Studies reporting pharyngeal HRM/HRIM for swallowing and/or phonatory assessment, published in peer-reviewed journals in English, German, or Spanish were assessed for the inclusion criteria. Of the selected studies, methodological aspects of data acquisition and analysis were extracted. Publications were graded based on their level of evidence and quality of methodological aspects was assessed.

Results

Sixty-two articles were identified eligible, from which 50 studies reported the use of HRM and 12 studies used HRIM. Of all included manuscripts, the majority utilized the ManoScan™ system (64.5%), a catheter diameter of 4.2 mm was most prevalently documented (30.6%). Most publications reported the application of topical anesthesia (53.2%). For data analysis in studies using HRM, software intrinsic to the recording system was reported most frequently (56%). A minority of the studies using HRM provided data about measurement reliability (10%). This is higher for studies using HRIM (50%).

Conclusions

Considerable methodological variability exists regarding data acquisition and analysis in published studies using HRM/HRIM. Lacking reports of methodology make study replications difficult and reduce the comparability across studies. More data regarding the impact of individual methodological aspects on study outcomes are further required for the development of methodological recommendations.



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Unilateral oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal vesicles

Publication date: Available online 13 December 2018

Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases

Author(s): L. Alciato, P. Bonfils, F. Rubin



https://ift.tt/2rzhXd9

Happy Holidays


Τετάρτη 31 Οκτωβρίου 2018

Glucose metabolism in patients with psoriasis

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


Risk factors for treatment failure in scabies: a cohort study

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


16th Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology Annual Meeting Together with the 23rd Asian–Australasian Regional Conference of Dermatology, Surabaya, Indonesia

Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.


Topical urea in skincare: A review

Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.


Two case reports of unusual phimosis in rhesus monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)

Journal of Medical Primatology, EarlyView.