Τρίτη 23 Οκτωβρίου 2018
'Oldest Intact Shipwreck Known To Mankind' Found In Depths Of Black Sea
The vessel dates back 2,400 years to the days of ancient Greece. "This will change our understanding of shipbuilding and seafaring in the ancient world," says archaeologist Jon Adams.
(Image credit: Black Sea MAP/EEF Expeditions)
What's Going On With That Bizarre Rectangular Iceberg?
It's getting a lot of attention because of its unexpected angles and straight lines. A sea ice specialist explains why it formed this way.
(Image credit: NASA ICE)
Face and Neck Lifting After Weight Loss
After massive weight loss, deflation of the tissues and loss of skin elasticity in the face and neck can result in the appearance of accelerated facial aging. Surgical facial rejuvenation can be successfully performed with several modifications. Proper preoperative counseling and expectation management regarding staged or ancillary procedures is recommended. Wide undermining of the face and neck, and extended postauricular incisions are required to allow for mobilization of excess skin and access to the mobile superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). Fat transfer into the deep malar compartment for midface volumizing is helpful. Treatment of the SMAS and platysma are universally necessary.
Breast Reshaping After Massive Weight Loss
The technique of dermal suspension, parenchymal reshaping mastopexy is a useful procedure for patients with massive weight loss with a typical presentation. The operation is tailored to the individual deformity, powerfully reshapes the breast, and can be safely combined with other commonly performed procedures. It is long-lasting and associated with minor complications that are easily treated in an office setting.
A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Erythroderma
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition)
Author(s): A. Cuellar-Barboza, J. Ocampo-Candiani, M.E. Herz-Ruelas
Abstract
Erythroderma is an inflammatory skin syndrome that involves desquamation and erythema of more than 90% of the body surface area. It represents a final clinical endpoint for many adult dermatological conditions. The most frequent cause of erythroderma is psoriasis followed by eczematous conditions, drug-induced reactions, pityriasis rubra pilaris and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Diagnostic approach must include a thorough history and clinical examination. If the etiology of erythroderma is uncertain multiple skin biopsies may enhance diagnostic accuracy. The initial management of erythroderma must include a nutrition expert evaluation, fluid imbalance assessment, maintaining skin barrier function, sedative antihistamines and exclusion of secondary bacterial infection. We present a practical review of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this entity.
Resumen
La eritrodermia es un síndrome inflamatorio de la piel caracterizado por descamación y eritema en más del 90% de la superficie corporal. Representa la etapa final de muchas enfermedades dermatológicas en el adulto. La causa más frecuente es la psoriasis, le siguen las enfermedades eccematosas, las reacciones medicamentosas, la pitiriasis rubra pilaris y los linfomas cutáneos de células T. El abordaje diagnóstico debe incluir una historia y examen físicos exhaustivos. Si se desconoce la etiología de la eritrodermia es posible que múltiples biopsias a lo largo del curso de la enfermedad aumenten las posibilidades de un diagnóstico correcto. El abordaje inicial de la eritrodermia debe incluir la evaluación de un experto en nutrición, la valoración del balance hidroelectrolítico, medidas para mantener la función de barrera de la piel, antihistamínicos con efecto sedante y la exclusión de infecciones bacterianas secundarias. Presentamos una revisión práctica de la etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad.
Combined, two‐layered reconstruction technique for full‐thickness nasal defects
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, EarlyView.
Outcomes of Frontalis Sling Versus Levator Resection in Patients With Monocular Elevation Deficiency Associated Ptosis
Purpose: To compare outcomes of frontalis sling (FS) silicone and levator resection (LR) in ptosis associated with monocular elevation deficiency. Methods: Retrospective interventional comparative case series of FS and LR in monocular elevation deficiency associated ptosis. Favorable outcome was defined as difference in margin reflex distance 1 of ≤1 mm between the 2 eyes in unilateral cases and margin reflex distance 1 of 4 mm in bilateral cases at last follow-up visit. Results: One hundred four eyes of 95 patients were included. Median age at surgery was 14 years, and the mean follow-up period was 19.75 ± 34.55 months. Ptosis was severe in 91 (87.5%) patients. Associated Marcus Gunn jaw-winking (MGJW) phenomenon was seen in 43 (42%) patients. Frontalis sling was performed in 76 (73%) and LR in 28 (27%). Mean pre- and postoperative margin reflex distance 1 were −1.27 ± 2.17 mm and 2.18 ± 1.49 mm (p
Aspergillus fumigatus conidia stimulate lung epithelial cells (TC-1 JHU-1) to produce IL-12, IFNγ, IL-13 and IL-17 cytokines: Modulatory effect of propolis extract
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Journal de Mycologie Médicale
Author(s): A.R. Khosravi, S. Alheidary, D. Nikaein, N. Asghari
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus conidia are the most prevalent indoors fungal allergens. The interaction between Aspergillus antigens and lung epithelial cells (LECs) result in innate immune functions. The association between Aspergillus conidia and allergic reactions, like allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and asthma have been repeatedly reported. Since conventional therapies for allergy and asthma are limited, finding new promising treatments are inevitable. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. fumigatus conidia on IL-12, IFNγ, IL-13 and IL-17 release from mouse LECs and to investigate the effect of propolis on cytokines modulation. Cells were divided to two groups, one was exposed to 3 × 104 conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus and another group was treated by propolis (25 μg/mL) as well as exposed to A. fumigatus conidia. Cytokines IL-13, IL-12, IFNγ and IL-17 were measured at times 0, 6 and 12 hours after exposure using ELISA assay. The results indicated that A. fumigatus could increase the release of the cytokines with IL-13 and IL-17 being the most affected ones whilst treatment with propolis decreased the effects of A. fumigatus on IL-13 and IL-17 production. The results showed that propolis has down regulatory effects on Th2 cytokine, IL-13, and IL-17 production, whereas it caused a significant induction of IL-12, as an important Th1 cytokines by LECs. With respect to the obtained results, propolis extract might be contributed to decrease Th2 responses in allergic asthma phenomenon. However more investigations must be done in future to fully understand its efficacy.
A link between Autophagy and Apoptosis: Chat with First Author Brent E. Fitzwalter
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By Christina Towers, PhD.
Autophagy is a cellular recycling process and most often a pro-survival mechanism that regulates cellular homeostasis. On the contrary, apoptosis is an extensively conserved and elaborate programmed cell death process, and it is well established that the two processes are often opposing forces within the cell. Despite the agreed upon notion that autophagy can protect cells from apoptosis, the mechanistic link has yet to be elucidated. This is especially important given the 60 (and growing) number of clinical trials that are currently underway inhibiting autophagy in cancer in combination with other chemotherapies and targeted therapeutics.
The field is hopeful that autophagy inhibition will enhance drug induced cell death. A recent publication by Fitzwalter et al. in the journal Developmental Cell identifies FOXO3a mediated regulation of PUMA as a critical link between autophagy and apoptosis1. Most importantly, they also show that cell death induced by clinically relevant targeted therapeutics can be greatly improved upon when combined with autophagy inhibitors; and this mechanism is dependent on FOXO3a mediated regulation of PUMA.
Find out more about the publication and its relevance to the field in this chat with the first author graduate student:
 Your browser does not support the audio element. | Brent E. Fitzwalter is a PhD candidate in the laboratory of Andrew Thorburn at the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA |
Christina Towers, PhD
University of Colorado (AMC)
Dr. Towers studies the roles of autophagy, apoptosis and cell death in cancer.
References
- Autophagy Inhibition Mediates Apoptosis Sensitization in Cancer Therapy by Relieving FOXO3a Turnover. Fitzwalter BE, Towers CG, Sullivan KD, Andrysik Z, Hoh M, Ludwig M, O'Prey J, Ryan KM, Espinosa JM, Morgan MJ, Thorburn A.Dev Cell. 2018 Mar 12;44(5):555-565.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.014.
Category:
Lésions auto-provoquées dans un contexte d’hidradénite suppurée : un cas de pathomimicrie
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): A. Marzouki-Zerouali, A. Schoeffler, A.-L. Liegeon, P. Le Vaou, F. Truchetet
Résumé
Introduction
Les troubles factices constituent un domaine complexe de la pathologie. Si le diagnostic est souvent évoqué, il est difficile à poser et la thérapeutique est délicate. La pathomimie cutanée est une expression somatique cutanée d'un désordre psychiatrique souvent grave, provoquée dans un état de conscience claire par le malade lui-même sur son revêtement cutanéomuqueux mais dont la motivation est inconsciente, sans recherche de bénéfices secondaires ; elle se distingue donc de la simulation. Les pathomimicries représentent une entité particulière proche de la pathomimie : il s'agit de l'induction de poussées d'une maladie connue déclenchées par l'exposition volontaire à l'agent responsable. Nous rapportons un cas de pathomimicrie dans un contexte d'hidradénite suppurée.
Observation
Une adolescente ayant pour antécédents principaux une obésité de grade 2 et un épisode d'abcès pubien était vue en consultation pour des lésions axillaires. Elle arrivait dans un état d'incurie, méfiante, agressive et refusait de se déshabiller. Après mise en confiance, l'examen clinique montrait de larges ulcérations à distance des plis sur les zones axillaires, à contours géographiques et à fond propre et bourgeonnant, associées à des lésions typiques d'hidradénite suppurée de grade 2 (Hurley), avec des pertuis purulents et des cicatrices en corde des plis inguinaux. Une hospitalisation était proposée et l'évolution était favorable sous antibiothérapie par doxycycline et soins locaux par pansements alginates et hydrocellulaires. L'avis psychiatrique concluait à une faille narcissique ancienne à type de dysmorphophobie probablement réactionnelle à un harcèlement scolaire récurrent depuis l'enfance. Sous couvert d'une relation de confiance difficilement établie, la patiente reconnaissait la manipulation de ses lésions. Devant les données anamnestiques, cliniques, la négativité du bilan paraclinique, le diagnostic de pathomimicrie était retenu.
Discussion
Plusieurs cas de pathomimicrie de dermatoses (auto-entretien d'un ulcère de cause connue, contact avec un allergène identifié dans l'eczéma ou reprise d'un médicament incriminé dans une toxidermie) ou de maladies systémiques (injections d'insuline chez un patient diabétique) ont été rapportés. Ce cas est le premier décrit, à notre connaissance, de pathomimicrie dans le cadre d'une hidradénite suppurée. Sur le plan thérapeutique, le suivi doit être multidisciplinaire. Il faut éviter l'affrontement avec le patient et ne pas forcer son aveu, ce qui risquerait d'induire une décompensation psychiatrique grave. Une attitude rassurante permet le recours au psychiatre une fois la confiance durablement établie. Le dermatologue a donc une place primordiale dans la prise en charge de ces patients.
Summary
Background
Factitious disorders constitute a complex pathology for the dermatologist. Although a diagnosis is often indicated, it is difficult to confirm and treatment is complicated. Dermatitis artefacta is the somatic expression of an often serious psychiatric disorder consciously created by patients on their own cutaneous-mucosal surfaces but the motivation is unconscious and no secondary benefits are sought (in contrast to simulation). Pathomimicry represent a specific entity: the provocation of outbreaks of a known disease, triggered by voluntary exposure to a causative agent. Herein we report on a case of pathomimicry in a context of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Patients and methods
A teenage girl whose main previous medical history consisted of grade-2 obesity and an episode of pubic abscess was seen at our clinic for axillary lesions. She presented in a state of negligence, was suspicious and aggressive, and refused to undress. After gaining her trust, clinical examination revealed prominent ulcerations (each with a granulated base) at a distance from the folds in the axillary areas, as well as typical hidradenitis lesions of Hurley Grade 2 with purulent openings and rope-like scars from the inguinal folds. Hospitalization was recommended and a positive outcome was achieved under antibiotic therapy with doxycycline, topical alginate and hydrocellular dressings. A psychiatric evaluation concluded that the patient was presenting dysmorphophobic narcissistic weakness, probably in reaction to recurrent harassment at school since childhood. Once she developed trust with us, which was difficult to establish, the patient admitted to having caused the lesions herself. Given the history and clinical data, as well as the negative laboratory tests, a diagnosis of pathomimicry was made.
Discussion
Several cases of dermatological pathomimicry (sustainment by the patient of an ulcer with a known cause, contact with an allergen found in eczema, or renewed use of a medication implicated in toxiderma) or systemic disease (insulin injection in a diabetic patient) have been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of pathomimicry associated with hidradenitis suppurativa. Regarding therapy, aftercare should be multidisciplinary. Confessions should not be forced and confrontations, which risk serious psychiatric collapse, should be avoided. A reassuring attitude enables psychiatry to be applied once trust has been sustainably established, hence the crucial role of the dermatologist.
Exserohilum Infections in Australian Queensland Children
Mycoses, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Hyaluronic acid gel based on CPM® technology with and without lidocaine: Is there a difference?
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
Predictive value of primary tumor parameters using 18 F-FDG PET/CT for occult lymph node metastasis in breast cancer with clinically negative axillary lymph node
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical significance of total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary breast cancer using 18F-FDG PET/CT to predict axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) with a clinically negative axillary lymph node (cN-ALN).
Methods
135 patients, newly diagnosed with IDC with CN-ALN between July 2016 and October 2017, were retrospectively enrolled. We estimated primary tumor PET/CT parameters including the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and TLG, as well as clinicopathologic findings. All patients received breast surgery followed by pathologic axillary lymph node examination.
Results
Of the 135 patients, 31 (23.0%) were diagnosed with pathologically proven metastatic ALN. In univariate analysis, SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of the primary breast tumor were correlated with metastatic ALN along with tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, CD34, and D2-40. On multivariate analysis, TLG (> 5.74, p = 0.009) had independent significance for predicting ALN metastasis in IDC with cN-ALN.
Conclusion
We demonstrated that TLG of primary tumors can be useful in predicting pathologic ALN metastasis in IDC patients with cN-ALN.
Andrologie bei onkologischen Erkrankungen
Zusammenfassung
In der dermatoonkologischen Behandlung findet sich eine Vielzahl gonadotoxischer Interventionen. Insbesondere alkylierende und hormonell aktive Substanzen sowie gonadale Bestrahlungen sind bekannt für eine fertilitätseinschränkende Wirkung beim Mann. Die zertifizierten Hautkrebszentren in Deutschland haben deshalb seit 2017 die Auflage zur Umsetzung von Beratungen zum Fertilitätserhalt. Gestützt wird dies durch die S2k-Leitlinie zur Fertilitätserhaltung bei onkologischen Therapien. Da die verschiedenen Interventionen von den dermatoonkologischen Leitlinien stadienabhängig empfohlen werden, befürworten die Autoren mindestens die Frage „Ist Kinderwunsch ein Thema für Sie?", wenn Patienten ein entsprechendes Stadium erreichen. Die Fertilitätsprotektion des Mannes über eine Kryokonservierung von Ejakulat oder Hodenmaterial ist dann eine einfache und sichere Möglichkeit. Das Verfahren ist standardisiert und häufig verfügbar. Zudem bietet sich über das neue Projekt Androprotect jetzt die Möglichkeit zur Kryokonservierung von Hodenmaterial präpubertärer männlicher Kinder und Säuglinge. Treten unter Therapie Zeichen eines Hypogonadismus auf, kann in Abwägung der Testosteronwirkungen eine Behandlung erwogen werden, wichtig ist, hier die anabolen und immunmodulierenden Effekte zu beachten.
High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation: a non-surgical approach to treat advanced and complicated liver alveococcosis
Abstract
Liver alveococcosis is a life-threatening parasitic disease with progressive growth and wide metastasis to neighboring tissues, lungs, and brain. The radical treatment option is surgery along with a few chemical therapies. However, the frequency of progression and recurrence, as well as postoperative complications and mortality, remains very high. The high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment system, a therapeutic application using ultrasound to deliver heat or agitation into the body, was initially designed to treat cancer. Advanced and complicated forms of liver alveococcosis usually require surgical treatment to provide partial ectomy of necrotized liver tissue along with alveococcal caverns and sanitation of the peritoneal cavity. In this article, we presented a case of successful HIFU ablation with transhepatic puncture and drainage in treatment of complicated and advanced liver alveococcosis to avoid wide surgical treatment.
Andrologie bei onkologischen Erkrankungen
Zusammenfassung
In der dermatoonkologischen Behandlung findet sich eine Vielzahl gonadotoxischer Interventionen. Insbesondere alkylierende und hormonell aktive Substanzen sowie gonadale Bestrahlungen sind bekannt für eine fertilitätseinschränkende Wirkung beim Mann. Die zertifizierten Hautkrebszentren in Deutschland haben deshalb seit 2017 die Auflage zur Umsetzung von Beratungen zum Fertilitätserhalt. Gestützt wird dies durch die S2k-Leitlinie zur Fertilitätserhaltung bei onkologischen Therapien. Da die verschiedenen Interventionen von den dermatoonkologischen Leitlinien stadienabhängig empfohlen werden, befürworten die Autoren mindestens die Frage „Ist Kinderwunsch ein Thema für Sie?", wenn Patienten ein entsprechendes Stadium erreichen. Die Fertilitätsprotektion des Mannes über eine Kryokonservierung von Ejakulat oder Hodenmaterial ist dann eine einfache und sichere Möglichkeit. Das Verfahren ist standardisiert und häufig verfügbar. Zudem bietet sich über das neue Projekt Androprotect jetzt die Möglichkeit zur Kryokonservierung von Hodenmaterial präpubertärer männlicher Kinder und Säuglinge. Treten unter Therapie Zeichen eines Hypogonadismus auf, kann in Abwägung der Testosteronwirkungen eine Behandlung erwogen werden, wichtig ist, hier die anabolen und immunmodulierenden Effekte zu beachten.
La efectividad del tratamiento con omalizumab en la vida real es menor en pacientes con urticaria crónica de más de 18 meses de evolución y tratamiento inmunosupresor previo
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): X. Cubiró, J. Spertino, E. Rozas-Muñoz, E. Serra-Baldrich, L. Puig
Resumen
Antecedentes
Aunque la eficacia del omalizumab en el tratamiento de la urticaria crónica espontánea está demostrada en ensayos clínicos de fase iii, la información disponible sobre la efectividad en la vida real utilizando la puntuación de actividad urticarial semanal (UAS7) es escasa. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la respuesta clínica (UAS7 ≤ 6) y la respuesta completa (UAS7 = 0) en las semanas 12 y 24 en una cohorte de la vida real e identificar posibles predictores de respuesta al omalizumab.
Métodos
Se llevó a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de los registros clínicos de pacientes consecutivos con urticaria crónica espontánea de moderada a grave (UAS ≥ 16) tratados con omalizumab en el Servicio de Dermatología de un hospital universitario en Barcelona, España, desde febrero de 2014 a septiembre de 2017. Se evaluaron los valores de UAS7 y la evolución siguiendo un protocolo predefinido. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS 18 (SPSS 18 Inc., Chicago, IL, EE. UU.).
Resultados
Se incluyeron en el estudio 48 pacientes, que completaron 24 semanas de seguimiento. Las tasas de respuesta clínica (UAS7 < 6) y completa (UAS7 = 0) fueron del 70,8% y del 47,9% a la semana 12 y del 64,6% y del 52,1% a la semana 24.
Los pacientes con urticaria de larga duración (≥ 18 meses) tuvieron menor probabilidad de lograr una respuesta clínica en la semana 12 (odds ratio: 0,25; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,06-0,96). El tratamiento inmunosupresor previo tendía a asociarse con una menor probabilidad de respuesta completa en la semana 12 (odds ratio: 0,27; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,07-1,02). El tratamiento con antihistamínicos H1 se asoció con una menor probabilidad de respuesta a la semana 24 (odds ratio: 0,1; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,01-0,88).
Conclusiones
La eficiencia y la seguridad del omalizumab en la vida real son similares a la eficacia y la seguridad en los ensayos clínicos. La duración de la enfermedad, la terapia inmunosupresora previa y el requerimiento de tratamiento concomitante con antihistamínicos H1 pueden ayudar a predecir la respuesta al tratamiento con omalizumab.
Abstract
Background
The efficacy of omalizumab in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria has been demonstrated in phase iii clinical trials, but limited information is available regarding real-life effectiveness using the weekly Urticarial Activity Score (UAS7). The aim of the study was to assess clinical response (UAS7 ≤ 6) and complete response (UAS7 = 0) rates at weeks 12 and 24 in a real-life cohort and to identify possible predictors of response to omalizumab.
Methods
Clinical records of consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe chronic spontaneous urticaria (UAS ≥ 16) treated with omalizumab at a university-affiliated reference dermatology department in Barcelona, Spain, from February 2014 to September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. UAS7 values and patients' evolution were assessed according to a predefined protocol. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS 18 statistical package (SPSS 18 Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software.
Results
Forty-eight patients were included in the study. All of them completed at least 24-weeks of treatment and follow-up. At week 12, clinical response rates (UAS7 < 6) were 70.8% and complete response rates (UAS7 = 0) were 47.9%. At week 24, clinical response rates were 64.6% and complete response rates were 52.1%.
Patients
with long-term urticaria (≥ 18 months' duration) were less likely to achieve a clinical response at week 12 (odds ratio: 0.25; 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.96). Previous immunosuppressive treatment tended to be associated with a lower probability of complete response at week 12 (odds ratio: 0.27 95% confidence interval: 0.07-1.02). H1-antihistamine treatment was associated with lower probability of response at week 24 (odds ratio: 0.1 95% 95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.88)
Conclusions
The effectiveness and safety of omalizumab in real life are similar to efficacy and safety in clinical trials. Duration of disease, previous immunosuppressive therapy and requirement for concomitant H1-antihistamine treatment may be helpful in predicting response to omalizumab treatment.
Nevus lipomatoso superficial gigante
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): V.A. González-Delgado, P. Cordero-Romero, J.M. Martín
Sarcoma de Kaposi subcutáneo primario, una rara variante clínica
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): M. Franco-Muñoz, M. García-Arpa, B. Lozano-Masdemont, I. Lara-Simón
Interconsulta hospitalaria en dermatología en una unidad de transplante renal
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): A.R. Pereira, A.M. Porro, C.A. Seque, V.P. Pasin, J. Tomimori
Resumen
Introducción
El número de pacientes receptores de trasplante renal (RTR) está en aumento, y estos con frecuencia, además presentarán complicaciones dermatológicas derivadas del trasplante. Si bien el rol del dermatólogo a nivel de la consulta ambulatoria está establecido, no encontramos ningún estudio acerca de interconsultas dermatológicas en pacientes RTR hospitalizados.
Objetivos
La finalidad de este estudio fue determinar las características epidemiológicas de las enfermedades dermatológicas que afectan a los pacientes RTR hospitalizados, así como valorar el impacto que tienen las interconsultas dermatológicas durante el ingreso hospitalario de estos pacientes.
Métodos
Durante un periodo de 36 meses consecutivos, se incluyeron de forma retrospectiva las consultas realizadas al servicio de dermatología en pacientes RTR ingresados en un hospital de referencia en trasplantes renales de Brasil.
Resultados
Se incluyeron 176 interconsultas. Las dermatosis infecciosas fueron las más prevalentes (52,3%), seguidas de las enfermedades inflamatorias (14,2%), neoplasias (12,5%) y reacciones medicamentosas (8,5%). La concordancia diagnóstica entre el diagnóstico de derivación y el diagnóstico final fue del 38,1%. La mayoría de las interconsultas se debieron a condiciones dermatológicas comunes que no guardaban relación con el motivo de ingreso. Se evidenciaron algunas diferencias con estudios previos en pacientes ingresados en hopitales generales; por ejemplo, en los pacientes RTR hubo una mayor proporción de dermatosis infecciosas y neoplasias y una menor proporción de enfermedades inflamatorias. Así mismo un mayor porcentaje de biopsias cutáneas fueron realizadas, una mayor proporción de interconsultas requirieron más de una visita y hubo la necesidad de pautar tratamiento sistémico en un mayor número de pacientes.
Conclusión
Los pacientes RTR ingresados presentaron características epidemiológicas diferentes, así como un mayor nivel de complejidad clínica en comparación con con estudios realizados en hospitales generales. Concluimos que la colaboración del servicio de dermatología durante el ingreso será beneficiosa en el manejo multidisciplinario de estos pacientes, ya que ayudará en el estudio de las enfermedades sistémicas, así como a tratar comorbilidades cutáneas.
Abstract
Background
Renal transplant recipients (RTR), which are an increasing population, frequently suffer from post-transplant dermatological complications. Despite the well-established role of dermatologists in the outpatient care of these patients, no previous studies were found concerning dermatology consultations for hospitalized RTR.
Objectives
To investigate the epidemiology of dermatological conditions presented by RTR during hospitalization and assess the impact of dermatology consultations performed in the hospital setting.
Methods
Dermatology consultations requested for RTR admitted at a kidney transplantation referral hospital in Brazil over 36 consecutive months were retrospectively included.
Results
176 consultations were included. Infectious dermatoses prevailed (52.3%), followed by inflammatory diseases (14.2%), neoplasms (12.5%) and drug reactions (8.5%). Diagnostic agreement between requesting and consulting teams was 38.1%. Most consultations were motivated by common dermatological conditions, unrelated to admission diagnosis. There were some differences in comparison to previous studies including general inpatients, such as: larger proportion of infectious dermatoses and neoplasms, smaller proportion of inflammatory diseases, higher percentage of patients submitted to skin biopsy, smaller proportion of consultations managed with a single visit and higher probability of a systemic treatment being recommended in this population.
Conclusion
Hospitalized RTR present distinct dermatological epidemiology and higher level of complexity, when compared to studies including general inpatients. Dermatology interventions during hospitalization may be beneficial in the multidisciplinary care of these patients, either contributing to the investigation of systemic conditions or providing relief for cutaneous comorbidities.
Developmental and family history‐based analysis of congenital fused labia phenotype in the captive common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Journal of Medical Primatology, EarlyView.
In Response to “Descriptive Survival Study of Nail Melanoma Patients Treated With Functional Surgery vs Distal Amputation”
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Brooke Vasicek, Taylor Erickson, Eden Lake
High-Throughput Sequencing of the T-cell receptor beta chain gene distinguishes two subgroups of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Jie Wang, Bryan Rea, Paul Haun, Ryan Emerson, Ilan Kirsch, Adam Bagg
Dear Dr. Dermatoethicist: Erection Ethics
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Paige Norwick, Gillian K. Weston, Jane M. Grant-Kels
Surgical Pearl: Reverse Beveling to Improve Wound Edge Apposition
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Kourosh Beroukhim, Lindsay R. Sklar, Daniel B. Eisen
Association between atopic dermatitis, depression and suicidal ideation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Kevin R. Patel, Supriya Immaneni, Vivek Singam, Supriya Rastogi, Jonathan I. Silverberg
Abstract
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with psychological distress. However, previous studies found conflicting results about whether AD is associated with increased depression or suicidality.
Objectives
To determine the complex relationship between AD and depression.
Methods
A systematic review was performed of all published observational studies in MEDLINE, Pubmed, EMBASE, GREAT, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus and PsychInfo that analyzed depression in AD. Two reviewers performed study title/abstract review and data abstraction. Pooled meta-analysis was performed using random-effects weighting.
Results
Overall, 106 studies met inclusion criteria; 36 had sufficient data for meta-analysis. The prevalence of any depression was higher in persons with vs. without AD (20.1% vs. 14.8%). Similar results were found in sensitivity analyses of studies assessing clinical depression, depressive symptoms, and adults, with healthy controls, low and high study quality. AD was associated with significantly higher depression scales, parental depression, anti-depressant use, and suicidality. No publication bias was detected
Limitations
Individual level data were not available.
Conclusions
AD patients have higher odds of depression and suicidality.
The Cost of an Itch: A Nationally Representative Retrospective Cohort Study of Pruritus-Associated Healthcare Expenditure in the United States
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Raghav Tripathi, Konrad D. Knusel, Harib H. Ezaldein, Jeremy S. Bordeaux, Jeffrey F. Scott
Reply
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Suelen Montagner
The Prognostic Value of Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Helen JL. Cumksy, Collin M. Costello, Nan Zhang, Richard Butterfield, Matthew Buras, Jessica Schmidt, Kevin Drenner, Steven A. Nelson, Shari A. Ochoa, Christian Baum, Mark R. Pittelkow, David J. DiCaudo, Aleksandar Sekulic, Aaron R. Mangold
Abstract
Background
Inositol Phosphate 5-Phosphatase (INPP5A) has been shown to play a role in development and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The goal of the current study is to explore the prognostic value of INPP5A expression in cSCC.
Methods
A total of 189 cases of actinic keratoses and SCCs from 174 patients were identified, clinical and outcome data abstracted, histopathology re-rereviewed, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and interpretation was performed for INPP5A.
Results
The majority of tumors (89.4%) had an INPP5A score of 2 or 3. No patients had complete loss of INPP5A. Tumors with INPP5A score of 1 were more likely to be intermediate to high risk (BWH stage T2a and above 85.0% vs 23.7%, p < 0.0001), have a larger diameter (2.4 cm vs. 1.3 cm, p = 0.0004), moderate to poor differentiation (86.7% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.0001), and perineural invasion (37.5% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.0001). INPP5A score of 1 has worse 3-year survival of 42.3% (HR = 2.81, p = 0.0006) and local metastatic rates of 48.0% (HR=4.71, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
Low INPP5A scores are predictive of aggressive tumors and may be a useful adjunct to guide clinical management of cSCC.
Clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular analysis of subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma: A retrospective study in a tertiary care center
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
The Superficial Temporal Artery: Anatomical Map for Facial Reconstruction and Aesthetic Procedures
Abstract
Background
The superficial temporal artery (STA) is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery, which supplies multiple regions of the scalp and face. Reconstructive and aesthetic procedures are important clinical aspects of STA supply. Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop an anatomical map of the STA related to anatomical landmarks. Methods
Head computed tomographic angiographies of 215 patients were included in this study, with 419 STAs in the final analysis. The STA's main branches and variants were identified. Diameters of the STA and its frontal and occipital branches were measured and the distance was delineated between the STA tree and anatomical landmarks. Results
Frontal and parietal branches were recorded in 98.1% and 90.7% of patients, respectively. The mean diameters, measured 1 and 7 cm from the STA bifurcation for the frontal branch, were 0.97 ± 0.32 mm and 0.81 ± 0.26 mm, respectively, and for parietal branch, they were 0.96 ± 0.28 mm and 0.76 ± 0.23 mm, respectively. The STA bifurcation point was located above the zygomatic arch (ZA) in 75.6%, below in 14.7%, and on the ZA in 9.7% of patients. The mean distance from the ZA center to the STA bifurcation was 16.8 ± 16.0 mm. Conclusion
The STA artery and its main branches have a conservative course, and serious anatomical variations are relatively rare. The STA and its main branches may be localized using simple anatomical landmarks. An anatomical map showing artery-free zones in the lateral forehead region was presented, which may be supportive for plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgeons.Delayed granulomatous reaction and cutaneous fistula induced by retained electrodes from a cardiac pacemaker in a child
Pediatric Dermatology, EarlyView.
Healing Chronic Wounds: Current Challenges and Potential Solutions
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to raise awareness, examine the challenges faced by wound care researchers, and explore opportunities for potential improvements.
Recent Findings
Chronic wounds are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and they represent a major medical and financial burden. Despite this, no new therapy has received FDA efficacy approval for the treatment of chronic wounds since 1997. Previous preclinical studies using animal models did not translate to human wounds due to inherent limitations of experimental models, variability in assessment methods, and overall experimental design. Clinical trials continued to be challenged by the balance of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the high cost and time expenditure of the trials, and the constraint of a single FDA-acceptable outcome of complete wound closure.
Summary
Wound research faces multiple challenges in both preclinical and clinical research that slowed progress and development of efficacious therapies. Solutions to such challenges will provide new opportunities for improved study design in the future.
Network meta‐analyses of systemic treatments for psoriasis: a critical appraisal
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Combined THC and CBD to treat pain in epidermolysis bullosa: a report of three cases
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Clinical and molecular evaluation of therapy with the use of cyclosporine A in patients with psoriasis vulgaris
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Δευτέρα 22 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Ambient Fine Aerosol Concentrations in Multiple Metrics in Taconite Mining Operations
Abstract
Studies in environmental epidemiology and of occupational cohorts have implicated the effects of fine particulates with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Motivated by this evidence, we conducted an ambient air monitoring campaign to characterize fine aerosol concentrations around various taconite ore processes in six taconite mines in northeastern Minnesota. The ore processes were first categorized into 16 broad work areas/buildings. We then took air samples at 91 fixed locations using an array of direct-reading instruments to obtain measurements of mass (PM2.5 or particles with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm, and respirable particulate matter or RPM), alveolar-deposited surface area (ADSA), and particle number (PN) concentrations. At each location, a respirable gravimetric pump (which was used for calibration purposes) and the instruments measured the ambient dust level for 4 h producing ~240 1-min averaging real-time measurements. To analyze these data, we fit a Bayesian hierarchical model with an autoregressive order 1 correlation structure to estimate pooled concentrations for the 16 work areas/buildings while accounting for temporal correlation. PM2.5 and RPM average ambient concentrations were highly correlated to each other (Pearson's correlation = 0.98), followed by ADSA and PN correlation (R = 0.77). Office and control room areas were found to have the lowest concentrations in all four metrics when compared to other groups. Distinguishing between concentration levels among the remaining groups was more difficult due to the high uncertainty associated with the geometric mean estimates. The geometric standard deviation within location (GSDWL) generally ranged from 1 to 3 for all exposure metrics, except for a few locations that may have had changes in the work activities that generated the observed peaks and variability during the sampling duration. The geometric standard deviation between locations estimates were generally higher than GSDWL, which may indicate larger variability in the processes/activities between locations within each broad work area/building. Future work may look into whether it is feasible to use area measurements for epidemiological investigation and use personal measurements (if available) to validate such approach.Recruitment of Activated Neutrophils Correlates with Disease Severity in Adult Crohn's Disease
Clinical &Experimental Immunology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Microplastics Are Turning Up Everywhere, Even In Human Excrement
A very small study shows that microplastics are in human waste in many parts of the world. While it's not entirely clear what that means for our health, it might be a sign that we need to pull back.
(Image credit: Desiree Martin/AFP/Getty Images)
Vertical Medial Thigh Contouring
Excess thigh laxity is a problem for many patients following significant weight loss. Thigh laxity has both vertical and horizontal components that require correction to optimize the aesthetic appearance of the thigh. The vertical vector is best corrected first with a lower body lift or extended abdominoplasty. The remaining loose skin in the medial thigh can then be removed using a horizontal vector resulting in a vertical incision. Residual vertical skin excess is also removed parallel to the groin crease. This article describes the author's surgical approach and management of medial thigh deformity in the significant weight loss patient.
Common Complications and Management After Massive Weight Loss Patient Safety in Plastic Surgery
This article discusses strategies to prevent and manage the most common complications seen in body contouring surgery. General approaches to avoidance and treatment of these complications are addressed, including wound dehiscence, delayed wound healing, seroma, hematoma, infections of the surgical or remote sites, lymphedema, suture extrusion, and fat necrosis. Procedure-specific complications and pearls to avoiding complications in these cases are presented. Difficult problems, such as management of the disappointed patient, also are discussed.
Safety in Body Contouring to Avoid Complications
Body contouring after weight loss is becoming more prevalent. An appropriate systematic approach that starts from the first consultation needs to focus on residual comorbidities and weight of the patient. A thorough discussion about potential outcomes manages expectations. Preoperative optimization with smoking, herbal cessation, and nutritional assessment is mandatory. Planned staged approach minimizes lengthy procedures associated with increased postoperative morbidity. In the operating room, appropriate ambient temperature, positioning of the patient, and continuous discussion between surgeon and anesthesiologist prevent further complications. Careful transition to postoperative care with early ambulation and use of compressive garments add to an approach to minimize postoperative complications.
Arm Contouring in the Massive-Weight-Loss Patient
Brachioplasty is an increasingly popular procedure performed for improved arm contour in the massive-weight-loss population. There are challenging deformities presented in this population, such as redundant skin, posterior arm lipodystrophy, and loosening of fascial layers of the upper arm and chest wall that must be addressed to achieve successful contour of the arms. Common complications can be minimized with meticulous technique and knowledge of surgical anatomy. Additionally, brachioplasty can be combined with liposuction of the posterior arm as a safe and effective method for arm contouring without a higher risk of complications.
Buttock Lifting
There are some precise rules to succeed with a buttock lift. The article begins with a reminder about the ideal buttock shape. It explains the different quality of skin that is essential to be aware of at the back part of the body. Afterward it gives the tightening rule and the author's application in buttock lift. The markings and the cutting principles are described in detail. At the end, the article describes the problems of volume at the buttocks and about the author's new flap that is useful to avoid violin deformation. The article finishes with some examples of surgeries.
Bra-Line Back Lift
Upper back deformity caused by aging or fluctuations in weight are cosmetically and functionally unappealing to patients. Natural upper torso adherence zones create tether points that lead to horizontal and vertical laxity. Bra-line back lift is a versatile technique that can be used in any individual showing signs of redundant skin and adiposity. A 3-layered space-obliterating suture closure method prevents seroma and eliminates need for drain. Predictable outcomes correcting laxity from neck to lower back can be achieved. Gentle learning curve yields consistent and predictable results. Patient acceptance of the procedure, its results, and satisfactory morbidity rates have been universal.
The Prognostic Value of Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (INPP5A) has been shown to play a role in cancer development and progression. We found that low INPP5A expression is associated with aggressive tumors and poor outcomes. INPP5A is a novel tumor marker that may help in the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Genetic Abnormalities in Large to Giant Congenital Nevi: Beyond NRAS mutations
Large and giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are rare melanocytic lesions mostly caused by post-zygotic NRAS alteration. Molecular characterization is usually focused on NRAS and BRAF genes in a unique biopsy of the CMN. However, large/giant CMN may exhibit phenotypic differences among distinct areas, and patients differ in features such as presence of multiple CMN or Spilus-like lesions. Herein, we have characterized a series of 21 large/giant CMN including Spilus-type nevus patients (9/21 cases, 42.8%).
EU Panel Backs Drug for Rare Hereditary Angioedema
Lanadelumab would be the first monoclonal antibody for preventing recurrent attacks of HAE in patients ages 12 years and older.
International Approvals
Growth Hormone Deficiency and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Insights from Humans and Animals: Pediatric Implications
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.
Plasma Growth Arrest-Specific 6 Protein and Genetic Variations in the GAS6 Gene in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.
Multimodal image registration for liver radioembolization planning and patient assessment
Abstract
Purpose
Multimodal imaging plays a key role in patient assessment and treatment planning in liver radioembolization. It will reach its full potential for convenient use in combination with deformable image registration methods. A registration framework is proposed for multimodal liver image registration of multi-phase CT, contrast-enhanced late-phase T1, T2, and DWI MRI sequences.
Methods
A chain of four pair-wise image registrations based on a variational registration framework using normalized gradient fields as distance measure and curvature regularization is introduced. A total of 103 cases of 35 patients was evaluated based on anatomical landmarks and deformation characteristics.
Results
Good anatomical correspondence and physical plausibility of the deformation fields were attained. The global mean landmark errors vary from 3.20 to 5.36 mm, strongly influenced by low resolved images in z-direction. Moderate volume changes are indicated by mean minimum and maximum Jacobian determinants of 0.44 up to 1.88. No deformation foldings were detected. The mean average divergence of the deformation fields range from 0.08 to 0.16 and the mean harmonic energies vary from 0.08 to 0.58.
Conclusion
The proposed registration solutions enable the combined use of information from multimodal imaging and provide an excellent basis for patient assessment and primary planning for liver radioembolization.
Benefits of a membership in a psoriasis patient organisation: a quasi-experimental longitudinal study
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Patient organisations play an important role in supporting patients with chronic diseases and allow information transfer beyond professional care structures. Until now, only few studies have investigated the benefits of a dermatological patient organisation. In this study, potential benefits of joining the German Psoriasis Association (Deutscher Psoriasis Bund e. V., DPB) were surveyed.
Methods
The quasi-experimental longitudinal design included four groups of individuals suffering from psoriasis: those (1) with DPB membership of 5 years, (2) with voluntary new membership, (3) with randomly awarded membership, and (4) without membership. Participants were interviewed two times in 12 months, about quality of life, depression, participation in patient education classes, health status, and treatment benefits.
Results
295 individuals participated (mean age 54 years; 50.3% females). At the outset of the study, participants with voluntary new membership rated their health status worse and showed higher depression scores than those with awarded membership. The proportion of participants who joined patient education classes only increased in the group of long-term members. Health status worsened in the group of non-members, and it improved in the group of those with awarded and voluntary new membership. Treatment benefit only increased in the voluntary new members group.
Conclusions
DPB membership seems to be associated with some relief from psoriasis-related strains, particularly in the group of those who joined voluntarily. This could be due to the fact that individuals who become members out of their own volition are more likely to seek information and, therefore, benefit from their active engagement.
Integrating Clinical and Epidemiological Data on Allergic Diseases Across Birth Cohorts: a MeDALL Harmonization Study
Abstract
International collaborations among birth cohorts to better understand asthma and allergies have increased in the last years. However, differences in definitions and methods preclude direct pooling of original individual participant data. We harmonized data from 14 birth cohorts, with three to 20 follow-ups, from nine European countries, as part of the Mechanisms of the Development of Asthma and Allergies (MeDALL) project. The harmonization process followed six steps: organization of the harmonization panel; identification of variables relevant to MeDALL objectives (candidate variables); proposal of a definition for each candidate variable (reference definition); assessment of the compatibility of each cohort variable to its reference definition (inferential equivalence) and classifications of this inferential equivalence as complete, partial, or impossible; workshop to agree on the reference definitions and classifications of inferential equivalence; and data preparation and delivery through a knowledge management portal. We agreed on 137 reference definitions. The inferential equivalence of 3,551 cohort variables to their corresponding reference definition was classified as complete, partial and impossible for 70%, 15% and 15% of the variables, respectively. A harmonized database was delivered. In birth cohorts of asthma and allergies, the harmonization of data for pooled analyses is feasible and may achieve high inferential comparability. The MeDALL harmonization approach can be used in other collaborative projects.The Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Predict Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nursing Homes
Abstract
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization among nursing home residents is high. Healthcare workers (HCWs) often serve as a vector in the transmission of MRSA. The ability to identify residents who are likely to transmit MRSA to HCWs' hands and clothing during clinical care is important so that infection control measures, such as Contact Precautions, can be employed. We developed a clinical prediction rule with demographics and clinical characteristics as predictors of MRSA transmission to HCWs' gowns collected from residents of community nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan between 2012-2014. We externally validated this model in a cohort of Veterans Affairs nursing home residents from 7 states between 2012-2016. The prediction model, which included sex, race, resident dependency on HCWs for care, the presence of any device, diabetes, and chronic skin breakdown, showed good performance (c-statistic=0.70, sensitivity=76%, specificity=49%) in the development set. The decision curve analysis indicates this model has greater clinical utility than using a nares surveillance culture for MRSA colonization, which is current clinical practice for placing hospital inpatients on Contact Precautions. The prediction rule demonstrated less utility in the validation cohort, suggesting a separate rule should be developed for residents of Veterans Affairs nursing homes.Application of the HTA Core Model for complex evaluation of the effectiveness and quality of Radium-223 treatment in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer
Health technology assessment (HTA) is currently one of the major challenges in assessing medical innovations and healthcare systems. In Europe, the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) ...
Antipsychotic Drugs Don't Ease ICU Delirium Or Dementia
Though widely prescribed in hospital intensive care units to treat hallucinations and other signs of delirium, Haldol and similar drugs are no better than a placebo for such patients, a study finds.
(Image credit: Nehru Sulejmanovski/Getty Images)
Specialisation and the Incommensurability Among Scientific Specialties
Abstract
In his mature writings, Kuhn describes the process of specialisation as driven by a form of incommensurability, defined as a conceptual/linguistic barrier which promotes and guarantees the insularity of specialties. In this paper, we reject the idea that the incommensurability among scientific specialties is a linguistic barrier. We argue that the problem with Kuhn's characterisation of the incommensurability among specialties is that he presupposes a rather abstract theory of semantic incommensurability, which he then tries to apply to his description of the process of specialisation. By contrast, this paper follows a different strategy: after criticising Kuhn's view, it takes a further look at how new scientific specialties emerge. As a result, a different way of understanding incommensurability among specialties will be proposed.
Leptomeningeal tumor response to combined MAPK/ERK inhibition in V600E mutated gliomas despite undetectable CSF drug levels
dabrafenibtrametinibBRAFleptomeningeal disseminationglioma
Techniques for generating attenuation map using cardiac SPECT emission data only: a systematic review
Abstract
To reliably interpret and perform quantitative analysis, attenuation correction for cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is fundamental. Thus, knowledge of the patient-specific attenuation map for accurate correction is required in SPECT quantitative imaging. The aim of this systematic review is to present general principles of attenuation correction and provide a structured summary of the approaches that have been proposed for generating the attenuation map for cardiac SPECT. We identified relevant articles published in English pertaining to the attenuation map (AM) determination using SPECT emission data only by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Moreover, other articles were hand searched. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and the code given is CRD42017060512. Transmissionless techniques of determining attenuation map including calculated methods, statistical modeling for simultaneous estimation of attenuation and emission, consistency conditions criteria, using scattered data and other methods were reviewed. Methods for performing attenuation map for cardiac SPECT are developing and the progresses made are promising. However, much work is needed to assess the efficacy of the correction schemes in the clinical routine.
Beyond Annulus Size: Imaging for TAVR Planning
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this article is to review the role of imaging in pre-procedural assessment prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)—with a focus on relevant anatomic findings apart from the size of the aortic annulus.
Recent Findings
Pre-procedure imaging prior to TAVR heavily emphasizes assessment of the aortic annulus for appropriate valve sizing, with computed tomography angiography (CTA) emerging as the test of choice due to its ability to assess not only the aortic annulus but also the thoracoabdominal aorta and peripheral vasculature. Some patients with underlying kidney disease may be at increased risk of renal dysfunction following contrast-enhanced CTA; however, alternate imaging techniques can be performed to mitigate this risk such as magnetic resonance imaging.
Summary
Familiarity with underlying anatomic variability and pathology relevant to TAVR implantation in addition to annulus size, as well as imaging approaches in patients with renal dysfunction, will allow radiologists to better contribute to multidisciplinary discussion for potential TAVR candidates.
Against predicativism about names
Abstract
According to predicativism about names, names which occur in argument positions have the same type of semantic contents as predicates. In this paper, I shall argue that these bare singular names do not have the same type of semantic contents as predicates. I will present three objections to predicativism—the modal, the epistemic, and the translation objections—and show that they succeed even against the more sophisticated versions of predicativism defended by Fara and Bach.
Simulation study on X-ray phase contrast imaging with dual-phase gratings
Abstract
Purpose
Two phase gratings in an X-ray grating interferometers can solve several technical challenges for clinical use of X-ray phase contrast. In this work, we adapt and evaluate this setup design to clinical X-ray sources and detectors in a simulation study.
Methods
For a given set of gratings, we optimize the remaining parameter space of a dual-phase grating setup using a numerical wave front simulation. The simulation results are validated with experimentally obtained visibility measurements on a setup with a microfocus tube and a clinical X-ray detector. We then confirm by simulation that the Lau condition for the \(G_0\) grating also holds for two phase gratings. Furthermore, we use a \(G_0\) grating with a fixed period to search for periods of matching phase grating configurations.
Results
Simulated and experimental visibilities agree very well. We show that the Lau condition for a dual-phase grating setup requires the interference patterns of the first phase grating to constructively overlay at the second phase grating. Furthermore, a total of three setup variants for given \(G_{0}\) periods were designed with the simulation, resulting in visibilities between 4.5 and 9.1%.
Conclusion
Dual-phase gratings can be used and optimized for a medical X-ray source and detector. The obtained visibilities are somewhat lower than for other Talbot–Lau interferometers and are a tradeoff between setup length and spatial resolution (or additional phase stepping, respectively). However, these disadvantage appears minor compared to the overall better photon statistics, and the fact that dual-phase grating setups can be expected to scale to higher X-ray energies.
Biophysical properties of striae rubra and striae alba in human skin: Comparison with normal skin
Skin Research and Technology, EarlyView.
The role of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy in assessing the stability of vitiligo vulgaris prior to cellular grafting
Skin Research and Technology, EarlyView.
Water adsorption with relative humidity changes for keratin and collagen as studied by infrared (IR) micro‐spectroscopy
Skin Research and Technology, EarlyView.
Want To Keep Your Brain Sharp? Take Care Of Your Eyes And Ears
Two large studies show that age-related memory loss can be slowed significantly when older people promptly address hearing and vision loss.
(Image credit: Leyla B/Getty Images)
Research Letter: Cross reactivity of latex agglutination assay complicates the identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei from soil.
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody—based latex agglutination tests targeting a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide antigen of Burkholderia pseudomallei are commercially available. The tests are primarily used in routine diagnosis of melioidosis in major hospitals in Thailand and some endemic countries. Being a rapid test, this technique was employed as a presumptive test to identify colonies of B. pseudomallei among many others grown from soil specimens collected from southern Thailand. Cross-reactivity of these tests with other soil bacteria was a concern since it complicated the identification of B. pseudomallei. Here, we describe the cross-reactivity of two commercial latex agglutination tests for melioidosis with B. territorii, B. pseudomultivorans, B. multivorans and B. cenocepacia isolates from soil.Metabolomics approach used for understanding temperature-related pectinase activity in Bacillus licheniformis DY2
Abstract
Pectinases are enzymes that catalyze pectin degradation. There is a global demand for pectinases because of their wide utility and catalytic efficiency. Optimization of the fermentation process to increase the pectolytic enzyme activity is generally practiced to lower process costs, but whether temperature influences the metabolome, enhancing pectinase activity, is not known. Here, we developed a metabolomics approach to explore it. The activity of P-DY2 pectinase produced by Bacillus licheniformis DY2 was higher in cells grown at 30°C than those grown at 37 °C. Differential metabolome analysis revealed fluctuating tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle at 30 °C. Consistently, the transcripts of TCA cycle genes and activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-Ketoglutaric dehydrogenase were lower at 30 °C than 37 °C. Furthermore, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase enhanced the activity of P-DY2, supporting the conclusion that the inactivated pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle were required for pectinase activity, and that P-DY2 was TCA cycle-independent. Collectively, these findings indicated that fermentation temperature affected P-DY2 activity by metabolic modulation, with an inactivated TCA cycle as a characteristic feature of high P-DY2 activity. More importantly, the present study highlights an approach of promoting pectinase activity through metabolic modulation by using metabolic pathway inhibitors.Genome analysis of lactic acid bacterial strains selected as potential starters for traditional Slovakian bryndza cheese
Abstract
Genomes of 21 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Slovakian traditional cheeses were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Subsequently, they were analysed regarding taxonomic classification, presence of genes encoding defence systems, antibiotic resistance and production of biogenic amines. Thirteen strains were found to carry genes encoding at least one bacteriocin, 18 carried genes encoding at least one restriction-modification system, all strains carried 1–6 prophages and 9 strains had CRISPR-Cas systems. CRISPR-Cas type II-A was the most common, containing 0–24 spacers. Only 10% spacers were found to be homological to known bacteriophage or plasmid sequences in databases. Two Enterococcus faecium strains and a Lactococcus lactis strain carried antibiotic resistance genes. Genes encoding for ornithine decarboxylase were detected in 4 strains and genes encoding for agmatine deiminase were detected in 4 strains. Lb. paraplantarum 251 L appeared to be the most interesting strain, as it contained genes encoding for two bacteriocins, a restriction-modification system, two CRISPR-Cas systems, four prophages and no genes connected with antibiotic resistance or production of biogenic amines.Epidemiology and Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis and Its Comorbidities
Abstract
Purpose of Review
While psoriasis has traditionally been considered primarily a skin and joint disorder, there is a new appreciation that psoriasis affects multiple organs. In fact, psoriasis is associated with several comorbidities that also affect the vasculature, guts, lung, kidney, and other tissues. This review aims to summarize the epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of psoriasis and its comorbidities.
Recent Findings
We reviewed the current literature characterizing the epidemiology and immune pathways of psoriasis and its comorbidities and report common inflammatory and immune pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its comorbidities.
Summary
A variety of diseases are associated with psoriasis, including psoriatic arthritis, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These comorbidities share similar inflammatory and immune pathways with those that are classically implicated in psoriasis: especially the adipokines, TH17, and TNF-α.
Advances in Immune Pathways and Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent eczema accompanied by an intractable itch that leads to an impaired quality of life. This review aims to summarize the advances in immune pathways and pathogenesis of AD.
Recent Findings
We review and summarize the current literature characterizing immune pathways and pathogenesis of AD. The complex interplay among skin barrier deficiency, immunological derangement, microbiome dysbiosis especially Staphylococcus aureus predominance, and pruritus contribute to the development, progression, and chronicity of the disease.
Summary
AD is a complex and multifactorial disease. The skin barrier, dysbiosis of the skin microbiome, immune dysregulation, and severe itch all play a part in the pathogenesis of AD. Based on this progress, better targeted therapies are now emerging.
Sensitive and rapid detection of TERT promoter and IDH mutations in diffuse gliomas
Abstract
Background
Mutations in the promoter of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERTp) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) offer objective markers to assist in classifying diffuse gliomas into genetic subgroups. However, traditional mutation detection techniques lack sensitivity, or have long turnaround times, or high costs. We developed GliomaDx, an allele-specific, locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based qPCR assay to overcome these limitations and sensitively detect TERTp and IDH mutations. Methods
We evaluated the performance of GliomaDx on cell line DNA and frozen tissue diffuse glioma samples with variable tumor percentage to mimic use in clinical settings and validated low percentage variants using sensitive techniques including droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and next generation sequencing. We also developed GliomaDx Nest, which incorporates a high-fidelity multiplex pre-amplification step prior to allele-specific PCR for low-input samples such as FFPE. Results
GliomaDx detects the TERTp and IDH1 alterations at an analytical sensitivity of 0.1% mutant allele fraction (MAF), corresponding to 0.2% tumor cellularity. GliomaDx identified TERTp/IDH1 alterations in a cohort of frozen tissue samples with variable tumor percentage of all major diffuse glioma histologic types. GliomaDx Nest is able to detect these hotspot mutations with similar sensitivity from pre-amplified samples and was successfully tested on a cohort of clinical FFPE samples. Testing of a cohort of previously identified TERTp WT-IDHWT gliomas (by Sanger sequencing) revealed that 26.3% harbored low-percentage mutations. Analysis by ddPCR and whole exome sequencing of these tumors confirmed the low mutant fraction of these alterations and overall mutation-based tumor purity. Conclusions
Our results show that GliomaDx can rapidly detect TERTp/IDH mutations with high sensitivity, identifying cases that might be missed due to the lack of sensitivity of other techniques. This approach may facilitate more objective classification of diffuse glioma samples in clinical settings such as intraoperative diagnosis or in testing cases with low tumor purity.The role of 13 N -ammonia in the differential diagnosis of gliomas and brain inflammatory lesions
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the utility of 13N-ammonia PET/CT imaging in the differential diagnosis of gliomas and brain inflammations.
Methods
13N-ammonia PET/CT imaging data of 77 patients with gliomas and 34 patients with brain inflammations were retrospectively analyzed. No patients received any treatment before 13N-ammonia imaging. All the patients were diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy or clinical follow-up. Visual and semi-quantitative analysis was performed to analyze the results of 13N-ammonia imaging. Finally, the uptake ratios of each lesion were calculated and its differences among different groups were tested with one-way ANOVA.
Results
29.4% inflammations, 51.6% low-grade gliomas and 91.3% high-grade gliomas were positive by visual analysis in 13N-ammonia imaging. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of gliomas were 75.3%, 55.8% and 67.8%, respectively. As for semi-quantitative analysis, the T/G ratios of inflammatory lesions, low-grade gliomas and high-grade gliomas were 0.88 ± 0.24, 1.04 ± 0.43 and 1.43 ± 0.49, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed that the T/G ratios of high-grade gliomas were significantly higher than those of low-grade gliomas and inflammations (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between low-grade gliomas and inflammations (P = 0.118). Among the inflammatory lesions, T/G ratios were not statistically different between infectious and demyelinating lesions (P > 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of T/G ratio in distinguishing gliomas from inflammations was 1.21 with the AUC 0.78. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were 52.9%, 94.4%, 65.3%, 95.7% and 45.9%, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of T/G ratio in distinguishing high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas was 1.06 with the AUC 0.78. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were 81.5%, 67.7%, 76.5%, 81.5% and 67.7%, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of T/G ratio in distinguishing high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas and inflammations was 1.19 with the AUC 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were 70.4%, 85.1%, 78.5%, 79.2% and 78.1%, respectively.
Conclusions
13N-ammonia imaging is effective in distinguishing high-grade gliomas from low-grade gliomas and inflammations, but its role in the differential diagnosis of low-grade gliomas and brain inflammatory lesions is limited, and the accuracy needs to be improved.
PD‐L1 methylation regulates PD‐L1 expression and is associated with melanoma survival
Pigment Cell &Melanoma Research, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Therapeutic approaches to pyogenic granuloma: an updated review
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with dulaglutide therapy
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Diffuse palmoplantar keratotic papules and melanosis
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Mid borderline leprosy in type Bα Blaschko linear pattern: a rare phenomenon
International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
Crisaborole Ointment Improves Quality of Life of Patients with Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families
Abstract
Introduction
The impact of crisaborole ointment, a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD), on quality of life (QoL) was assessed in two identically designed phase 3 studies (AD-301: NCT02118766; AD-302: NCT02118792, both at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Methods
In both studies, patients aged ≥ 2 years with mild to moderate AD per the Investigator's Static Global Assessment were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive crisaborole or vehicle twice daily for 28 days. QoL was assessed using the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) (2–15 years), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (≥ 16 years), and the Dermatitis Family Impact Questionnaire (DFI) (parents/caregivers/family of patients aged 2–17 years). Established QoL score severity bands provided clinical context.
Results
Greater mean improvement in QoL was observed in crisaborole-treated patients than in vehicle-treated patients at day 29 [mean change from baseline (∆BL), CDLQI: − 4.6 vs. − 3.0; P < 0.001; DLQI: − 5.2 vs. − 3.5; P = 0.015]. At baseline, more than half the patients had a "moderate effect" or higher of AD on QoL. At day 29, there was a trend toward more crisaborole- than vehicle-treated patients having "small effect" to "no effect", The QoL of parents/caregivers/family improved more for crisaborole-treated than for vehicle-treated patients (∆BL, DFI: − 3.7 vs. − 2.7; P = 0.003).
Conclusion
Crisaborole treatment results in clinically meaningful improvement in QoL for patients and their parents/caregivers/families.
Trial Registration
AD-301: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02118766; AD-302: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02118792.
Funding
Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc., New York, NY.
Κυριακή 21 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Painful Complications After Cosmetic Surgery: Management of Peripheral Nerve Injury
Abstract
Background
Aesthetic procedures are among the most common surgeries performed by plastic surgeons. The prevalence of persistent pain remains unknown and underappreciated in the plastic surgery literature. Objectives
The purpose of this article was to increase awareness of this problem while describing the diagnostic and management strategies for patients with postoperative pain after aesthetic plastic surgery. Methods
A literature review of was performed using the PubMed database to identify painful complications of: brachioplasty, blepharoplasty, rhytidectomy, abdominoplasty, breast augmentation, mastopexy, and breast reduction. A treatment algorithm was described to guide plastic surgeons presented with patients reporting pain after aesthetic surgery. Results
Title and abstract review followed by application of inclusion and exclusion criteria finally resulted in a total of 20 clinical studies that were included in this review. These included: lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, and intercostal nerves after Abdominoplasty; median antebrachial cutaneous nerve after brachioplasty; supraorbital, supratrochlear and infratrochlear nerves after blepharoplasty; greater auricular nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, and zygomaticofacial nerve after rhytidectomy; intercostobrachial nerve after breast surgery. Conclusions
Neuromas can be the source of pain following aesthetic surgery. The same clinical and diagnostic approach used for upper and lower extremity neuroma pain can be used in patients with persistent pain after aesthetic surgery.
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Abstract Objectives To investigate factors related to reasoning skills in 434 school children aged 5–9 years. Methods The Leiter Interna...
