Publication date: Available online 11 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Shuo Fang, Weiye Zhu, Lihaoyang Zhu, Chao Yang
BackgroundApproximately 50% of Asians do not have upper eyelid creases. To create a double eyelid, full-incision methods may leave obvious scars, and buried-suture methods cannot remove excess tissues. The new palpebral marginal incision technique hided the incision at upper palpebral margin, and removed the excess tissue, achieving scarless and natural double-eyelids.MethodsThe modified technique involved the incision site and the positioning processes. The incision line is 1.0-1.5mm above the palpebral margin. A strip of orbicularis muscle beneath the positioned double eyelid must be removed. Then the orbital septum is exposed and a certain amount of orbital fat is removed. Next, the dermis and the tarsal plate are sutured orderly. Lastly, a strip of the redundant skin about 1-3 mm above the incision may be excised to correct blepharochalasis before the skin is closed.ResultsThis new technique was performed in 212 patients, including 56 patients with blepharochalasis had their skin excised during the surgery. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 3 years. Ninety-five percent of the patients responded excellent and good that they were satisfied with their surgery, and no significant complications occurred.ConclusionsThe advantages of the authors' technique are as follows: (1) minimal or even no surgical scarring is discernible on the eyelids even when they are closed; (2) solve the problem of excessive tissue and correct blepharochalasis; (3) the double eyelid fold is stable and nature for a long time.
Δευτέρα 11 Ιουνίου 2018
Double eyelid surgery using palpebral marginal incision technique in Asians
Viability of a modified GoPro for Professional Surgical Videography
Publication date: Available online 11 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Timothy Zoltie, Michael Ho FRCS
Prenatal Exposure to Antibiotics and Risk of Childhood Obesity in a Multi-Center Cohort Study
10-year changes in accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary time during midlife: CARDIA Study
New-Onset Asthma and Combat Deployment: Findings From the Millennium Cohort Study
Photodegradation of cyclohexane and toluene using TiO 2 /UV/O 3 in gas phase
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are air pollutants usually found in urban and industrial areas. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an interesting technique used to degrade these compounds. Several approaches may enhance this process; some studies have shown higher VOC conversions by adding ozone to the experimental system, once ozone increases the number of reactive radicals in the reaction. In this context, this work studied the conversion of cyclohexane and toluene by heterogeneous photocatalysis in gas phase, in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2), UV light, and different concentrations of ozone. For fixed space times from 13.1 to 48.8 s, an average increase of 9% was reached in cyclohexane conversion when comparing the system with maximum concentration of ozone (0.8%) and the system without it. In addition, difference of less than 2% in the conversion of cyclohexane with different moisture fractions was observed. Toluene photodegradation was also analyzed in the presence of ozone and although the conversion was only about 40% for the space time of 25 s, this result was maintained during 4 h of experiment, with no catalyst deactivation as usually reported in the literature for aromatic compounds. Based on the results, ozone addition is an advantageous technique to improve the photodegradation of VOC.
Application of direct contact membrane distillation for saline dairy effluent treatment: performance and fouling analysis
Abstract
Membrane distillation is getting increasing attention thanks to its advantages in terms of energy consumption and final permeate quality in addition to its resistance against highly corrosive media which forms an appealing solution for industrial wastewater treatment. Despite its advantages, one of the most challenging issues in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is membrane fouling and wetting. In the present research work, saline dairy effluent discharged from hard cheese industry was pretreated by macrofiltration (MAF) and ultrafiltration (UF) and processed by DCMD to investigate the extent of the aforementioned issues. Effluents pretreated by UF have led the best process performance with stable flux values at different operating conditions. Fouling has occurred in all the experiments, though their effect on the flux behavior and membrane wetting was different from one feed to the other. Changing the flow rate and the temperature difference have affected slightly the membrane wettability for all feed qualities. In all experiments, the permeate has maintained a good quality with low electrical conductivity that did not exceed 70 μS/cm and low total organic carbon < 2 mg/L.
Phytoavailability, bioaccumulation, and human health risks of metal(loid) elements in an agroecosystem near a lead-zinc mine
Abstract
Soil near a Pb-Zn-Mn mine was polluted by mining, which may have an impact on human health via the food chain. To evaluate the pollution effects, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in vegetables were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry. Lead species were analyzed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). Phytoavailability of the elements was evaluated by bioaccumulation of the elements, the sequential extraction procedure, Pb species, and plant uptakes. The target health quotient (THQ) was calculated to evaluate the human health risks. It was found that (1) high concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb were detectable in vegetables, and bioaccumulation was in the order of Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > As > Cd; (2) phytoavailability of the elements was controlled mainly by the soluble fraction, and a linear relationship observed between the soluble fraction and bioaccumulation; (3) a new Pb-fulvic acid complex (Pb-FA) was identified by XANES in rhizosphere soil, and high content of Pb organic matter (60%) and soluble Pb (18%) were found; (4) both Cd and Zn accumulated in both of the Amaranthaceae and the Apiaceae families, indicating that the plants in the same family have the same bioaccumulation trend for the elements in the same group; (5) agricultural activities and plant growing increased phytoavailability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by decreasing the residual and raising the soluble and extractable fractions; (6) arsenic is top of the high health risks, followed by Pb, Cd, and Mn. Coriander, celery, and spinach were the top three highest health risks in the area.
Effects of soil improvement technology on soil quality in solar greenhouse
Abstract
Currently, cucumber cultivation is mainly through monoculture, as continuous culture leads to the decrease of crop yield and soil quality. In order to improve soil quality to achieve continuous monocultures, soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, content of phenolic compounds, and the size of bacterial, fungal, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and Fusarium oxysporum were first evaluated in cucumber monoculture solar greenhouse. Soil improvement technology, including catch wheat (CW), calcium cyanamide disinfection (LN), and straw reactor technology (SR) during summer fallow period, was compared with conventional fallow (CK). Results showed that CW, LN, and SR all significantly increased soil pH, and LN and SR increased soil electrical conductivity (EC); however, CW decreased soil EC. Meanwhile, LN increased soil available N content significantly and SR increased available P content significantly. CW had negative effect on the accumulation of soil available nutrients, conversely, CW and SR had positive effect on the accumulation of microbial biomass carbon (MBC). All the treatments increased the total phenol content in the soil compared with CK. While CW increased the size of bacteria, AOB in the soil inhibited fungal and wilt pathogen size. LN also increased the size of soil bacteria and reduced the size of fungi. The comprehensive evaluation of all treatments showed that CW could control soil nutrient loss and improve the continuous cropping soil, making the soil transform from fungi to bacteria type. All the treatments accelerate the accumulation of phenolic compound, while whether or not developing autotoxicity requires further investigation.
Role of organic fouling layer on the rejection of trace organic solutes by nanofiltration: mechanisms and implications
Abstract
To investigate how the organic fouling layers on nanofiltration (NF) membrane surface and the strong matrix effect (particularly by Ca2+) influence the rejection of trace organic compounds (TOrCs), filtration experiments with two TOrCs, bisphenol A (BPA) and sulfamethazine (SMT), were carried out with virgin and organic-fouled NF membrane. Organic fouling layer on the membrane was induced by sodium alginate (SA) at different concentrations of Ca2+. The results indicated that NF membrane maintained consistently rejection of TOrCs with little influence by membrane fouling at lower Ca2+ concentration. In contrast, organic fouling caused at higher concentration of Ca2+ observably restrained the rejections of both BPA and SMT. Furthermore, based on the cake-enhanced concentration polarization (CECP) model, the rejection of TOrCs was divided to the real rejection and the mass transfer coefficient. Moreover, it was found that the decrease in rejection resulted by organic fouling was due to the real rejection that was restrained by fouling layer with irregular impact on the mass transfer coefficient. Although the mechanism of trace compounds rejection was complex, the controlling factors varied among foulants. Nevertheless, the steric effect of the cake layer played an important role in determining solute rejection by organic-fouled NF membrane.
Plant species diversity for vegetation restoration in manganese tailing wasteland
Abstract
Vegetation restoration is one of the most effective measures to restore degraded ecosystem in mining wasteland. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of some site treatments' three different approaches on the benefits of selective vegetation in the manganese mine. Three different approaches included (1) exposed tailings, the control treatment (tailing site); (2) soil covering of 10-cm thickness (external-soil site), and (3) soil covering of 10-cm thickness, soil ameliorating (adding fowl dung), and seeding propagation of Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. (rehabilitation site). The results indicated that 18 herb species were taken from 8 families and 4 woody plants in three sites after 1 year. After 3 years, 29 species from 14 families were observed in 3 sites. Meanwhile, compared with tailing site, the plant species of rehabilitation site was more than tailing site, and the plant abundance of external-soil site was similar to rehabilitation site. It was worthy to be mentioned that the plant species of external-soil site and rehabilitation site had a better effect on the plant community coverage of herb layer as compared with tailing site. In summary, the plant species of rehabilitation site had the most species diversity and could be recommended as the ve-restoration modes in manganese tail wasteland.
Κυριακή 10 Ιουνίου 2018
Insurance Correlates with Improved Access to Care and Outcome Among Glioblastoma Patients
Rituximab Treatment Of Pemphigus Foliaceus- A Retrospective Study Of 12 Patients
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Irene Palacios-Álvarez, Constanza Riquelme-Mc Loughlin, Laia Curto-Barredo, Pilar Iranzo, Irene García-Díez, Agustín España
Hipoqueratosis circunscrita palmar: tratamiento mediante crioterapia
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): J. Boix-Vilanova, M.C. Montis-Palos, A. Giacaman, E. Antón-Valentí
Are facial injuries really different?
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Dr Andrew Bamji
Σάββατο 9 Ιουνίου 2018
Feasibility of using computer simulation to predict the postoperative outcome of the minimally invasive Nuss procedure: Simulation prediction vs. postoperative clinical observation
The Nuss procedure is the most minimally invasive and commonly used surgical correction for pectus excavatum (PE) by using a pre-bent pectus bar to elevate the deformed chest wall. However, there exist some complications such as postoperative pain as well as surgical uncertainties due to human judgement. It is therefore important to understand the biomechanical effect of the pectus bar on PE thoraces undergoing an operation to alleviate the postoperative pain as well as to improve surgical outcome.
Should Planned/Desired Pregnancy be Considered an Absolute Contraindication to Breast Reconstruction with Free Abdominal Flaps? A Retrospective Case Series and Systematic Review
Autologous breast reconstruction is considered by many to be the gold standard reconstructive modality following mastectomy. Despite the advantages of autologous reconstruction, however, surgeons have been cautious in recommending this approach to patients who desire to becoming pregnant postoperatively due to concerns related to abdominal wall morbidity. While intuitive, this approach does not appear to be based on robust data. Hence, the authors examined the clinical outcome in patients who became pregnant following autologous breast reconstruction.
Long-Distance Care of Face Transplant Recipients in the United States
Promising aesthetic and functional outcomes in facial transplantation have fueled the interest of patients and providers alike. However, there are currently only 11 active face transplant centers in the United States, and only five have accumulated operative experience to date, resulting in an extremely unbalanced geographical distribution of providers. Since face transplant recipients must receive life-long follow-up, this presents unique challenges for face transplant candidates and provider teams, as long-distance travel may add considerable difficulty to pre- and post-transplant care.
“Immediate breast reconstruction with a Wise pattern mastectomy and NAC-sparing McKissock vertical bipedicle dermal flap”
Preservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) in immediate reconstruction of ptotic and large breasts is surgically challenging. This article presents a modification of the inferior dermal flap ("dermal sling") to a vertical bipedicle flap with NAC preservation. The flap is well described in breast reductions, but has never been described in a mastectomy setting. The study reviews data for a case series of 17 breasts in 11 women who were reconstructed with the new technique. The complication rate was 12 percent and the vertical bipedicle NAC-sparing flap has to be considered a feasible option in women with ptotic and/or large breasts.
Risk factors for developing capsular contracture in women after breast implant surgery A systematic review of the literature
Capsular contracture is the most frequent complication in breast augmentation or reconstruction with breast implants. The exact mechanism for this complication is not completely understood. Yet, it is most likely to be a multifactorial condition. Several patient-, as well as surgery-, and implant-specific risk factors have been related to cause capsular contracture. This review aims to provide a clear overview of all risk factors for capsular contracture.
DONOR SKIN ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION: CASE REPORT AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
we present a case of skin allograft survival in a patient who previously received a bone marrow transplant from the same HLA-matched donor. DNA fingerprinting of skin biopsies showed mixed cellularity originating from the donor and recipient (68% and 32% donor DNA in the allograft skin and the native recipient's skin, respectively). Histologic sections demonstrated both grade 3/4 rejection and graft-versus-host- disease. We have conducted a systematic review in search for other cases of donor skin allograft survival after a bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Are facial injuries really different?
The article by Rahtz and colleagues concludes that appearance concern after facial injury may not lead either to stigma or to psychosocial burden.1 This is the conclusion that I reached this conclusion in an uncontrolled follow-up study of facial casualties of the First World War treated at the Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot and the Queen's Hospital, Sidcup (now Queen Mary's Hospital).
Integrative Methylome and Transcriptome Analysis to Dissect Key Biological Pathways for Psoriasis in Chinese Han Population
Psoriasis (Ps) is a chronic recurring hyperproliferative and inflammatory skin disease with a diverse prevalence rate ranging from 0.17%-4% of the people worldwide [1]. The pathogenesis of Ps involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic linkage analysis, candidate gene association study, genome-wide meta-analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found numerous susceptibility genes or loci associated with Ps in different populations [2–7]. However, analyses based on sequence variation like gene mutation, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variation (CNV) demonstrated that only about 13% of the total proportion of heritability for diseases could be explained [8,9], suggesting that non-DNA sequence changes such as epigenetic, gene-gene interactions, epigenetic and genetic synergies may have important effects on disease developing [10–12].
Dynamic 18F-FET PET is a powerful imaging biomarker in gadolinium-negative gliomas
A novel punch biopsy technique without scissors or forceps
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Ali Moiin, Brett C. Neill
Prevalence of patients eligible for anti-IL-5 treatment in a cohort of adult-onset asthma
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Pinja Ilmarinen, Leena E. Tuomisto, Onni Niemelä, Hannu Kankaanranta
BackgroundAntibodies against IL-5 pathway have been developed for treatment of late-onset eosinophilic steroid-resistant asthma. However, the prevalence of severe asthma and the proportion of patients who could benefit from such treatment among general population of asthmatics remains unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of patients eligible to anti-IL-5 treatment and severe asthma in an unselected cohort of adult-onset asthma.MethodsSeinäjoki Adult Asthma Study (SAAS) is a 12-year follow-up study of patients with new-onset adult asthma (n=203). Prevalence was estimated based on information collected at 12-year follow-up visit. Healthcare use was collected from the whole 12-year follow-up period.ResultsPrevalence of anti-IL-5-treatable patients was 2%, when the following criteria were used: daily use of medium-to-high ICS dose and LABA, ≥2 exacerbations/previous year and blood eosinophil count ≥300 cells/μl or FeNO≥50ppb. Prevalence of severe asthma, as defined according to ERS/ATS, was 5.9% and only one patient met criteria for both groups. When compared to anti-IL-5-eligible patients, severe asthmatics were more often current smokers at diagnosis, obese, used higher ICS dose and had higher blood neutrophils 12 years after diagnosis. Both groups differed from non-severe asthma by higher number of all and unplanned respiratory-related visits to healthcare. Severe asthmatics showed the highest number of hospitalizations.ConclusionsIn a cohort of unselected consecutive patients with adult-onset asthma, 5.9% fulfilled criteria for severe asthma and 2% qualified for anti-IL-5 treatment. Both groups represent a high burden to healthcare and specifically targeted treatment could lead to lower use of healthcare at long-term.
manejo de la psoriasis moderada-grave en condiciones de práctica habitual en el ámbito hospitalario español
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): J.L. López-Estebaranz, P. de la Cueva-Dobao, C. de la Torre Fraga, M. Galán Gutiérrez, E. González Guerra, J. Mollet Sánchez, I. Belinchón Romero
IntroducciónEn España existe actualmente escasa información sobre el manejo de los pacientes con psoriasis en la práctica clínica diaria de los dermatólogos.ObjetivoEl objetivo de esta encuesta de opinión fue recoger información de los dermatólogos españoles expertos en el manejo de los pacientes con psoriasis sobre los protocolos que realizan en su práctica clínica habitual.Material y métodosEncuesta de opinión realizada mediante cuestionario on line remitido a 75 dermatólogos expertos en el manejo de la psoriasis. El cuestionario, diseñado específicamente para la encuesta de opinión, incluía 12preguntas sobre diferentes aspectos de la práctica clínica en el tratamiento de la psoriasis moderada-grave.ResultadosLa tasa de respuesta fue del 96% (n=72). Los biológicos fueron la opción más usada como monoterapia. El 64,3% de los encuestados señaló que sus pacientes permanecen 1-2años con terapias sistémicas clásicas antes de la transición a biológicos, y el principal determinante para decidir la transición fue el control inestable de la actividad de la enfermedad. El 85,7% dio importancia «alta» o «muy alta» a considerar una puntuación PASI <3 como objetivo terapéutico. Los fármacos de elección más consensuados fueron etanercept en población pediátrica (78,6%), adalimumab y etanercept en artritis psoriásica (64,3%) y ustekinumab en pacientes con frecuentes ausencias domiciliarias (78,6%), baja adherencia (71,4%) e historia de esclerosis múltiple o enfermedades desmielinizantes (64,3%).ConclusiónEsta encuesta de opinión proporciona una perspectiva única sobre las opiniones de una muestra representativa de los dermatólogos expertos en cuanto al tratamiento actual de la psoriasis con fármacos biológicos en España.BackgroundThere is currently little information available on the management of patients with psoriasis in the daily clinical practice of dermatologists in Spain.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to survey a group of Spanish dermatologists with particular expertise in the management of psoriasis to determine their opinions on the protocols used in routine clinical practice.Material and methodsA cross-sectional study based on an online survey about the management of psoriasis sent to 75 dermatologists. The survey, which was specifically designed for the study, included 12questions on different aspects of clinical practice in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis.ResultsThe response rate was 96% (n=72). Biologics were the most widely used monotherapy option. In total, 64.3% of respondents reported that their patients used conventional systemic therapies for 1 to 2years before switching to a biologic drug and that the main reason for the switch was unstable control of disease activity. Overall, 85.7% assigned a "high" or "very high" importance to the use of a Psoriasis Area Severity Index score of <3 as a treatment goal. The drugs of choice among the respondents were etanercept for pediatric patients (78.6%), adalimumab and etanercept for patients with psoriatic arthritis (64.3%), and ustekinumab in patients frequently away from home (78.6%) and patients with a history of multiple sclerosis, demyelinating diseases (64.3%), or poor adherence to treatment (71.4%).ConclusionThis study provides a unique overview of the opinions of a representative sample of expert dermatologists on the current use of biologics for the treatment of psoriasis in Spain.
Why not be a desertist?
Abstract
Many philosophers believe that luck egalitarianism captures "desert-like" intuitions about justice. Some even think that luck egalitariansm distributes goods in accordance with desert. In this paper, we argue that this is wrong. Desertism conflicts with luck egalitarianism in three important contexts, and, in these contexts, desertism renders the proper moral judgment. First, compared to desertism, luck egalitarianism is sometimes too stingy: it fails to justly compensate people for their socially valuable contributions—when those contributions arose from "option luck". Second, luck egalitarianism is sometimes too restrictive: it fails to justly compensate people who make a social contribution when that contribution arose from "brute luck". Third, luck egalitarianism is too limited in scope: it cannot diagnose economic injustice arising independently of comparative levels of justice. The lesson of this paper is that luck egalitarians should consider supplementing their theory with desert considerations. Or, even better, consider desertism as a superior alternative to their theory.
Biomonitoring birds: the use of a micronuclei test as a tool to assess environmental pollutants on coffee farms in southeast Brazil
Abstract
Birds have often played an important role as environmental bioindicators, and different species can be useful due to their bioaccumulating capacity. The micronuclei test is a cytologic technique used for accessing DNA and is a biomarker for damage to DNA. This study analysed the Cerrado avian community, especially the efficiency of the blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina) in responding to pesticide contamination in situ on different-sized coffee farms in southeast Brazil. The micronuclei test was used in erythrocytes of birds. Eighty-two individuals of 21 bird species belonging to 11 families that were found in all study areas were used to evaluate micronuclei (MN) frequency. Two hundred fifty-two MN were counted in every area of study. The MN average count was 3/10,000 erythrocytes, and 17.1% of all bird species exhibited no MN. The average MN was 1.29 ± 0.69 in small farms, 2.59 ± 1.65 in medium farms, and 5.41 ± 1.34 in large farms. Small farms accounted for 14.3% of MN frequency, medium farms 27.8%, and large farms 57.9%. V. jacarina was the most abundant species found and displayed a sensitive response to environmental contamination. Pesticides appear to induce MN formation in a dose-dependent way when farms are analysed according to their area. Therefore, biomonitoring birds remain an efficient means to detect environmental pollutants, especially pesticides. V. jacarina responds as a sensitive biomonitor, showing a dose-dependent response to pesticides used in coffee farms.
Skin-Reduction Breast Reconstructions with Prepectoral Implant covered by a combined dermal flap and Titanium-coated polypropylene mesh
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Marco Marcasciano, Juste Kaciulyte, Marika Gentilucci, Leonardo Barellini, Diego Ribuffo, Donato Casella
A rise in breast reconstruction after mastectomy was registered in the last few decades. Conservative mastectomies as Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) and nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) developed as well and it was introduced a new goal to achieve: to ensure adequate coverage to the implant minimizing eventual complications as well as maximize cosmetic outcomes.We report our experience performing immediate pre-pectoral implant based breast reconstruction following skin reducing mastectomy, by using a combined inferior dermal flap and Titanium-coated polypropylene mesh, TiLoop Bra pocket. In selected patients with adequate soft tissue residual coverage, excellent aesthetic results and low complication rate combined with cost saving was achieved.
Long-Distance Care of Face Transplant Recipients in the United States
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): William J. Rifkin, Amit Manjunath, Laura L. Kimberly, Natalie M. Plana, Rami S. Kantar, G. Leslie Bernstein, J. Rodrigo Diaz-Siso, Eduardo D. Rodriguez
Promising aesthetic and functional outcomes in facial transplantation have fueled the interest of patients and providers alike. However, there are currently only 11 active face transplant centers in the United States, and only five have accumulated operative experience to date, resulting in an extremely unbalanced geographical distribution of providers. Since face transplant recipients must receive life-long follow-up, this presents unique challenges for face transplant candidates and provider teams, as long-distance travel may add considerable difficulty to pre- and post-transplant care. Furthermore, by compromising follow-up, this burden of travel may impact the ability of experienced face transplant centers to collect data, share knowledge as these patients are followed, and continue to advance the field. This article highlights the unique logistical and ethical implications of the highly probable long-distance nature of face transplant care in the United States, a challenging aspect of management that has not been previously discussed in the literature. Furthermore, we review current strategies in the long-distance management of solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients, and propose several possibilities to help address these challenges in facial transplantation based on SOT experience.
Risk factors for developing capsular contracture in women after breast implant surgery A systematic review of the literature
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Yara Bachour, Claudia A. Bargon, Christel J.M. de Blok, Johannes. C.F Ket, Marco J.P.F Ritt, Frank B. Niessen
BackgroundCapsular contracture is the most frequent complication in breast augmentation or reconstruction with breast implants. The exact mechanism for this complication is not completely understood. Yet, it is most likely to be a multifactorial condition. Several patient-, as well as surgery-, and implant-specific risk factors have been related to cause capsular contracture. This review aims to provide a clear overview of all risk factors for capsular contracture.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed focusing on patient-, surgery- and/or implant-related factors related to capsular contracture in breast implants. PubMed, Embase.com, and Wiley/Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published from inception up to October 20, 2016. The included studies were assessed for the following main variables: study characteristics, patient characteristics, indication for surgery, type of surgery, implant characteristics, and other characteristics.ResultsData for the risk factors for the development of capsular contracture was retrieved from 40 studies. A presumptive increased risk in the development of capsular contracture for the following variables is shown: longer duration of follow-up, breast reconstructive surgery in patients with a history of breast cancer, subglandular implant placement, post-operative hematoma, and a textured implant surface. There is little, weak or no evidence for the other factors in relation to capsular contracture. This review also shows a large heterogeneity between studies and within the definition of capsular contracture.ConclusionThis review provides an overview of the relationship between patient-, surgery-, and implant-specific risk factors in the development of capsular contracture.
Music Made for the Original Maestro of Plastic Surgery
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): A J Diver
Should Planned/Desired Pregnancy be Considered an Absolute Contraindication to Breast Reconstruction with Free Abdominal Flaps? A Retrospective Case Series and Systematic Review
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Shawn Moshrefi, Suhail Kanchwala, Arash Momeni
BackgroundAutologous breast reconstruction is considered by many to be the gold standard reconstructive modality following mastectomy. Despite the advantages of autologous reconstruction, however, surgeons have been cautious in recommending this approach to patients who desire to becoming pregnant postoperatively due to concerns related to abdominal wall morbidity. While intuitive, this approach does not appear to be based on robust data. Hence, the authors examined the clinical outcome in patients who became pregnant following autologous breast reconstruction.MethodsPatients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction with free abdominal flaps that required an incision in the anterior rectus sheath were identified. Of those, patients who became pregnant post-reconstruction were included for subsequent analysis. Of particular interest were any peri- and post-partal complications that could be attributed to the preceding abdominal flap harvest. Additionally, a systematic review of the literature was performed.ResultsWe identified five patients who met inclusion criteria. All five patients underwent bilateral breast reconstruction with free muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (MS-TRAM) flaps. None of the patients had any pre-existing abdominal wall morbidity. All five patients proceeded to full-term and successfully delivered newborns, four of which were delivered via normal vaginal delivery and one via Cesarean section. No abdominal wall complications were noted during pregnancy, delivery, or post-partum.ConclusionContemporary data does not support the notion that breast reconstruction with free abdominal flaps is contraindicated in the setting of desired or planned pregnancy.
Lympahtico venous anastomosis and resection for genital acquired lymphangiectasia (GAL)
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): H Hara, M Mihara
The purpose of this paper is to report on the relationship between lymphoscintigraphic findings and the operative results of lymphatico-venous anastomosis (LVA) and resection of genital acquired lymphangiectasia (GAL). Seventeen GAL patients who underwent lymphoscintigraphy between April 2012 and June 2016 were included in this retrospective study. LVA and GAL resections were performed for 14 patients. The GALs were resected in a spindle shape to the full thickness of the genital skin and the wounds were closed primarily. Following the procedure, we investigated the recurrence rate and compared the results with the lymphoscintigraphic findings. The average follow-up period was 19.2 months. Six patients were without recurrence and eight patients experienced a small recurrence of GAL. The average period from the operation to recurrence was 16.8 months (range: 1-41 months). In the six patients who had genital accumulation in lymphoscintigraphy, two experienced recurrence (33.3 %), while six of the eight patients without genital accumulation experienced recurrence (75.0 %). The frequency of cellulitis was observed to be reduced postoperatively in all patients, and recurrence was observed in one patient at 11 months postoperatively. In conclusion, lower limb LVA combined with genital skin tumor resection was effective for preventing recurrence of GAL in patients who demonstrated communication between the lymphatic vessels in the lower limb and the genitals. This procedure also had the benefit of reducing the frequency of cellulitis for an average of 19.2 months of follow-up.
DONOR SKIN ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION: CASE REPORT AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Teresa Nunez-Villaveiran, Patrick Feasel, Sean Keenan, Rachel Aliotta, David Bosler, Duncan Stearns, Wilma Bergfeld, Raffi Gurunluoglu
Backgroundwe present a case of skin allograft survival in a patient who previously received a bone marrow transplant from the same HLA-matched donor. DNA fingerprinting of skin biopsies showed mixed cellularity originating from the donor and recipient (68% and 32% donor DNA in the allograft skin and the native recipient's skin, respectively). Histologic sections demonstrated both grade 3/4 rejection and graft-versus-host- disease. We have conducted a systematic review in search for other cases of donor skin allograft survival after a bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.MethodsAll reported cases in English, Spanish, French and German were captured using the electronic databases. Bibliographies of relevant articles were manually searched.ResultsNineteen patients (12 females) who received skin allografts from their bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell donors were identified. Average age was 27.2 years (range 5 months - 64 years). Skin allografts were used to treat graft-versus-host- disease, Hertlitz-junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and to test tolerance prior to a kidney transplantation from the same donor. Eight cases were not receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Allografts survived in all patients. In three patients skin punch biopsies were taken and demonstrated mixed donor and recipient cellularity. The pathology result is specified in two more cases, with no signs of rejection.Conclusionssame donor skin allografts may be a safe option to treat severe cutaneous conditions in recipients of a bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, future studies are needed to confirm these results.
Feasibility of using computer simulation to predict the postoperative outcome of the minimally invasive Nuss procedure: Simulation prediction vs. postoperative clinical observation
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Kwong Ming Tse, Long Bin Tan, Shu Jin Lee, Mohamed Zulfikar Rasheed, Bien Keem Tan, Heow Pueh Lee
The Nuss procedure is the most minimally invasive and commonly used surgical correction for pectus excavatum (PE) by using a pre-bent pectus bar to elevate the deformed chest wall. However, there exist some complications such as postoperative pain as well as surgical uncertainties due to human judgement. It is therefore important to understand the biomechanical effect of the pectus bar on PE thoraces undergoing an operation to alleviate the postoperative pain as well as to improve surgical outcome. The current study incorporated the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the entire Nuss procedure including the flipping process of the pectus bar on a preoperative PE patient-specific thorax model, in conjunction with comparison against the postoperative CT scans. The mid-sagittal sternovertebral elevation was found to be within 5.32 mm while the transverse sternal deviations ranged from 1.59 mm to 3.02 mm. The average discrepancy between the predicted contour and postoperative CT contour was about 3%. On a different note, the stress and strain distributions largely concurred with reported findings. High bilateral stress was seen to occur at the back of ribs near the vertebral column, and particularly over the 2nd to 5th ribs, while the greatest strain was found to be confined to the regions of costal cartilages. It is evident that the FEM is a feasible and robust approach of predicting the mechanical surgical procedure. This contributes to the future development of a predictive tool incorporated in surgical planning to enhance surgical management of pectus excavatum.
“Immediate breast reconstruction with a Wise pattern mastectomy and NAC-sparing McKissock vertical bipedicle dermal flap”
Publication date: Available online 9 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Richard Lewin, Christian Jepsen, Håkan Hallberg, Emma Hansson
Preservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) in immediate reconstruction of ptotic and large breasts is surgically challenging. This article presents a modification of the inferior dermal flap ("dermal sling") to a vertical bipedicle flap with NAC preservation. The flap is well described in breast reductions, but has never been described in a mastectomy setting. The study reviews data for a case series of 17 breasts in 11 women who were reconstructed with the new technique. The complication rate was 12 percent and the vertical bipedicle NAC-sparing flap has to be considered a feasible option in women with ptotic and/or large breasts.
Total Lower Lip Reconstruction with Free Forearm Flap Suspended on Adams Wires
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Maciej Rysz, Romuald Krajewski
‘The Silicone Siphon’ - A safe and simple method of removing silicone implant and content from the breast
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): R. Chukwulobelu, S. Seetharam, A.J. Desai, R. Ragoowansi
Comparative study of phrenic and partial ulnar nerve transfers for elbow flexion after upper brachial plexus avulsion–a retrospective clinical analysis
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Yuzhou Liu, Yongqing Zhuang, Hu Yu, Hongtao Xiong, Jie Lao
The widely used nerve transfer sources for elbow flexion in patients with upper brachial plexus avulsion (UBPA) include partial ulnar nerve, phrenic nerve and intercostal nerves. A retrospective review of 21 patients treated with phrenic and partial ulnar nerve transfers for elbow flexion after UBPA was carried out. In the phrenic nerve transfer group, the phrenic nerve was transferred to the anterolateral bundle of anterior division of upper trunk; In the partial ulnar nerve transfer group, one fascicle of the ulnar nerve was transferred to the biceps branch. The British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system, angle of elbow flexion, electromyography (EMG) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire scoring were used to evaluate the recovery of elbow flexion at least 3 years postoperatively. The efficiency of motor function in phrenic nerve transfer group was 82%, while it was 80% in partial ulnar nerve transfer group. The outstanding rates of angle of elbow flexion were 64% and 70% in phrenic and partial ulnar nerve transfer groups, respectively. The DASH scores after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery in the two groups. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the changes of DASH scores before and after surgery. Both of phrenic and partial ulnar nerve transfers had good prognosis for elbow flexion in patients with upper brachial plexus avulsion.
Visualization of Lymphatic Ducts with Preoperative ICG Lymphography prevents Donor-Site Lymphedema Following PAP Flap
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Ryohei Ishiura, Minami Fujita, Megumi Furuya, Chihena Banda, Mitsunaga Narushima
Historical Review of Dakin's Solution Applications
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Cristiane M. Ueno, Cody L. Mullens, Jeff H. Luh, William A. Wooden
Dakin's solution and the Carrel-Dakin method were developed and integrated into clinical practice in the early 20th century, which were found to aid in effective wound healing and infection. This historical review briefly outlines highlights with respect to the history of infection management, wartime amputation, and wound treatment dating back to Galen through the early 20th century. This paper extensively reviews and discusses the historic use of Dakin's solution, which was developed almost a century ago, in both wartime settings and in the civilian sector as well. This review further elaborates on the use of Dakin's solution in the current treatment of wounds in the United States. Additionally, we discusses the history of wound care with the emphasis on the Carrel-Dakin method. Lastly, this review discusses and presents contemporary application and utilization of Dakin's solution in two large tertiary care centers.
A technique to measure the tension across a wound in real time during wound closure
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Leonie Heskin, Ken Bourke, Jason Kelly
Review of Donor Site Complications Among Different Intra-Abdominal Vascularized Lymph Node Free Flaps: Future Tendency of Application Based on Anatomical Considerations
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Ying-Sheng Lin, Hung-Chi Chen
Ultra-High Frequency Ultrasound in planning capillary perforator flaps: preliminary experience.
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Giuseppe Visconti, Akitatsu Hayashi, Hidehiko Yoshimatsu, Alessandro Bianchi, Marzia Salgarello
Internal Mammary Usability as Recipient Vessels in DIEP Breast Reconstruction in the Setting of Previous Radiation
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): William Leppard, Thomas Pomposelli, Eric I Chang, Ahmed Suliman, Fernando Herrera
Propeller TAP Flap Breast Reconstruction – a Simplified Surgical Technique
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Gudjon Leifur Gunnarsson, Jens Holm, Nicolaj Duus, Mikkel Børsen-Rindom, Tina Tos, Camilla Bille, Lisbeth Hölmich, Jens Ahm Sørensen, Jørn Bo Thomsen
BackgroundThe propeller thoracodorsal artery perforator (TAP) flap in combination with a mesh and an implant has replaced the Latissimus Dorsi flap as the first-choice alternative for the DIEP flap for delayed breast reconstruction in our practice. The aim of this paper is to share our experience using the propeller TAP flap for delayed breast reconstruction with a focus on surgical technique.Material and methodsWe performed 123 propeller TAP flaps in 94 women aged 51 (26-71) years. Color Doppler ultrasonography guided propeller TAP flaps with minimal rotation and perforator dissection was used for delayed breast reconstruction using an implant and a mesh.ResultsThe intended delayed breast reconstruction was achieved in 120/123 (98%) cases, 65 unilateral and 29 bilateral. The flaps were raised on one perforator in 51 cases, two in 54 and three in 18 cases. Silicone implants were used for 86 reconstructions, expander 28 cases, Becker implant 6, and no implant three cases. The median implant volume was 300 cc. The median time for surgery was 3,5 hours for unilateral cases and 4 hours for bilalateral. Direct to implant breast reconstructions was used in 92/123 (75%) and two-stage in 28/123 (23%) reconstructions. The follow-up was 1 year and 8 months (two months to 4 years).ConclusionThe propeller TAP flap in combination with a mesh and an implant can safely be used for delayed breast reconstruction. The refined and simple procedure is fast and easy to perform in patients with well calibrated perforators identified by color Doppler ultrasound.
A Review of the Safety of Common Aesthetic Procedures during Pregnancy
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Nihull Jakharia-Shah, Priyanka Chadha, Lara Watson
A comparative analysis for the development and recovery processes of different types of clogging in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands
Abstract
Clogging is a major operational and maintenance issue associated with the use of constructed wetlands. In this study, four lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) were used to fully understand the development mechanisms of various types of clogging and their recovery characteristics. The VFCWs were fed with glucose solution, starch suspension with and without bacteriostat, glucose, and starch mixed solution, respectively, to simulate Bio-clogging, organic particle clogging (Op-clogging), inert particle clogging (Ip-clogging), and the combination of Bio-clogging and Op-clogging (C-clogging). Resting operations with water decline were applied to relieve the clogging in the VFCWs. The results indicate that Op-clogging occurred first, followed by C-clogging and Bio-clogging. Ip-clogging took the longest time to develop and did not occur by the end of this study. The microscope analysis found that the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) bonded the starch particles together to form a dense membrane-like structure and promoted the clogging process. In addition, surface clogging was observed in all four experimental beds. Op-clogging occurred much closer to the surface than those caused by soluble organic matter and inert particles. Furthermore, the growth of biofilm caused significant decline in hydraulic conductivity, whereas its influence on porosity was relatively slight. Moreover, applying resting operation with water decline was effective for recovery from Bio-clogging, Op-clogging, and C-clogging in VFCWs except for Ip-clogging. The results also implied the recovery rates through applying resting operation with water decline were much higher than that with constant water level.
Occurrence, removal and environmental risk of markers of five drugs of abuse in urban wastewater systems in South Australia
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of five drugs of abuse in raw influent and treated effluent wastewater were investigated over a period of 1 year in the Adelaide region of South Australia. Four wastewater treatment plants were chosen for this study and monitored for five drugs which included cocaine in the form of its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE), methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and two opioids (codeine and morphine) during the period April 2016 to February 2017. Alongside concentrations in raw sewage, the levels of drugs in the treated effluent were assessed and removal efficiencies were calculated. Drug concentrations were measured by mixed-mode solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Drug concentrations detected in the raw wastewater ranged from 7 to 6510 ng/L and < LOD to 4264 ng/L in treated effluent samples. Drug removal rates varied seasonally and spatially. The mass loads of drugs discharged into the environment were in descending order: codeine > methamphetamine > morphine > MDMA > BE. Results showed that all the targeted drugs were on average incompletely removed by wastewater treatment, with removal performance highest for morphine (94%) and lowest for MDMA (58%). A screening-level environmental risk assessment was subsequently performed for the drugs based on effluent wastewater concentrations. Based on calculated risk quotients, overall environmental risk for these compounds appears low, with codeine and methamphetamine likely to pose the greatest potential risk to receiving environments. Given the recognised limitations of current ecotoxicological models and risk assessment methods for these and other pharmaceutical drugs, the potential for environmental impacts associated with the continuous discharge of these compounds in wastewater effluents should not be overlooked.
Παρασκευή 8 Ιουνίου 2018
Comparative study of phrenic and partial ulnar nerve transfers for elbow flexion after upper brachial plexus avulsion–a retrospective clinical analysis
The widely used nerve transfer sources for elbow flexion in patients with upper brachial plexus avulsion (UBPA) include partial ulnar nerve, phrenic nerve and intercostal nerves. A retrospective review of 21 patients treated with phrenic and partial ulnar nerve transfers for elbow flexion after UBPA was carried out. In the phrenic nerve transfer group, the phrenic nerve was transferred to the anterolateral bundle of anterior division of upper trunk; In the partial ulnar nerve transfer group, one fascicle of the ulnar nerve was transferred to the biceps branch.
Concomitant Injuries Affect Prognosis in Patients with Central Slip Tear
Central slip tears often occur with concomitant hand injuries. However, the outcome of a central slip tear and the effect of concomitant injuries are rarely reported. We evaluated 67 fingers in 63 patients with central slip tears who underwent primary surgery in our hospital between April 2009 and June 2017. We performed multivariate analyses; on proximal interphalangeal joint active range of motion and existing extension lag greater than 10 degrees as dependent variables, and age, existence of concomitant fractures, skin defects, collateral ligament injuries, ruptured lateral bands, ruptured flexor tendons, or vascular injury in the injured finger as independent variables.
Ultra-High Frequency Ultrasound in planning capillary perforator flaps: preliminary experience.
The introduction of perforator flaps has revolutionized the modern reconstructive plastic surgery. The technical ability to dissect small vessels allowed to further expand the perforator flap concept to precise composite tissues harvest, known as chimerism.1 The latest evolution of perforator flap was represented by the introduction of superthin skin flaps which are based on very peripheral vascular structures.2 Although the thinning procedure was usually performed after traditional harvest of adipocutaneous perforator flap, recently, Hong JP introduced the concept of harvesting thin flap by using superficial fascia as dissection plane thus allowing to directly harvest thin flaps.
Incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in lower-extremity free flap reconstruction correlates with the overall surgical population
Lower extremity free flap reconstruction is a growing trend in the management of lower extremity wounds. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a significant risk to free flap reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients receiving lower-extremity free flap surgery.
‘The Silicone Siphon’ - A safe and simple method of removing silicone implant and content from the breast
Removal of leaking or ruptured breast implants,1,2 often presenting sub-clinically and sometimes diagnosed by MRI or USS,3,4 can present a technical challenge.
A technique to measure the tension across a wound in real time during wound closure
The optimal result after primary closure of a wound, if wound eversion and low tissue tension is maintained, is a flat inconspicuous and robust scar that heals in a timely fashion. If the tension applied during wound closure is too high and the sutures are too tight, blood supply to the site may be compromised resulting in wound breakdown. If the tension applied is too little, the subcutaneous tissues and dermal edges will not be opposed effectively, leading to poor scar formation.
Review of Donor Site Complications Among Different Intra-Abdominal Vascularized Lymph Node Free Flaps: Future Tendency of Application Based on Anatomical Considerations
Transfer of lymph node flap (LNF) has become popular in surgical management of lymphedema as a means of providing physiologic lymph drainage. A variety of donor site options have been reported, and their effects are still under investigation, but a consensus is to minimize the donor site complications. Among them, iatrogenic lymphedema is one of the least desirable complications. Therefore, the intra-abdominal options, theoretically free of iatrogenic lymphedema, is getting more accepted. We review the current options and discuss their precautions and indications.
Internal Mammary Usability as Recipient Vessels in DIEP Breast Reconstruction in the Setting of Previous Radiation
Autologous breast reconstruction has become the standard of care over the last several decades. The recipient vessel for these patients with microvascular reconstruction has classically been the thoracodorsal (TD) artery. This artery has a reliable anatomic location and is often easily dissected and preserved when exploring the axilla as part of the oncological procedure.1 Recent recommendations have supported the use of the Internal mammary (IM) vessels for free flap anastomosis. The IM vessel selection allows for better arterial inflow, medial breast mound placement, shorter pedicle length, and avoids axillary exploration with resulting scarring and lymphedema risk.
Patient-reported outcome measurement in upper blepharoplasty; how to measure what the patient sees
Blepharochalasis is very common and affects not only appearance but also visual function. Upper blepharoplasty is therefore the most frequently performed facial cosmetic procedure worldwide. It is generally seen as a small procedure with good patient acceptance and postoperative satisfaction. Research concerning the outcome of this procedure in terms of satisfaction and quality of life is lacking, as well as a recommendation on which assessment tools to use in this patient group.
SELECTIVE NON-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT FOR PENETRATING EXTREMITY TRAUMA– A PARADIGM SHIFT IN MANAGEMENT?
Selective non-operative management (SNOM) has been proposed as a safe and adequate strategy for penetrating extremity trauma (PET) management. This may reduce unwarranted surgical exploration and enhance cost-effectiveness. Our experience at a UK major trauma centre advocates SNOM-PET as a viable and safe strategy for selected patients. A PET management algorithm is proposed.
Clinical features affecting the patient-based outcome after minimal medial epicondylectomy for cubital tunnel syndrome.
Little information is currently available to analyze unsatisfactory surgical outcomes for cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS). The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features influencing patient-reported outcomes of minimal medial epicondylectomy for CuTS.
Total Lower Lip Reconstruction with Free Forearm Flap Suspended on Adams Wires
After a total lower lip resection, the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) may be used for lip reconstruction [1]. However, the flap retraction occurs in some patients and causes oral incompetence that could be prevented by improved suspension of the flap.
Historical Review of Dakin's Solution Applications
Dakin's solution and the Carrel-Dakin method were developed and integrated into clinical practice in the early 20th century, which were found to aid in effective wound healing and infection. This historical review briefly outlines highlights with respect to the history of infection management, wartime amputation, and wound treatment dating back to Galen through the early 20th century. This paper extensively reviews and discusses the historic use of Dakin's solution, which was developed almost a century ago, in both wartime settings and in the civilian sector as well.
Quality of life and Shoulder Function after Latissimus Dorsi Breast Reconstruction
Breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi flap impacts one of the principal muscles of the shoulder. There is therefore concern that this procedure could impair shoulder function. The primary objective of this study was to study the effect of breast reconstruction using the latissimus dorsi flap on patient reported shoulder function and quality of life, compared to women who underwent total mastectomy without reconstruction.
“Efficacy of autologous fat transfer for the correction of contour deformities in the breast: a systematic review and meta-analysis”
Autologous fat transfer (AFT), also known as fat grafting or lipofilling, has already become part of clinical practice for treating contour deformities of the breast, even though evidence regarding its efficacy is still lacking. This is the first meta-analysis on the subject, aimed to facilitate intuitive interpretation of the available data by clinicians, guideline committees and policy makers.
Inferiorly Based Lotus Petal Flap & Laser Therapy in Difficult Pilonidal Sinus Management
To assess the efficacy of the lotus petal flap in difficult pilonidal sinus management
Chances and limitations of a low-priced mobile 3-D scanner for breast imaging in comparison to an established 3-D photogrammetric system
In search of new possibilities in 3-D surface imaging, several non-medical scanning systems have been assessed for their implementation in Plastic Surgery. The aim of this study was to compare a new affordable 3-D imaging consumer product in comparison to an established medical 3-D imaging system for objective 3-D breast imaging.
Lympahtico venous anastomosis and resection for genital acquired lymphangiectasia (GAL)
The purpose of this paper is to report on the relationship between lymphoscintigraphic findings and the operative results of lymphatico-venous anastomosis (LVA) and resection of genital acquired lymphangiectasia (GAL). Seventeen GAL patients who underwent lymphoscintigraphy between April 2012 and June 2016 were included in this retrospective study. LVA and GAL resections were performed for 14 patients. The GALs were resected in a spindle shape to the full thickness of the genital skin and the wounds were closed primarily.
Characterisation of “flushable” and “non-flushable” commercial wet wipes using microRaman, FTIR spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy: to flush or not to flush
Abstract
The introduction to the market of wet wipes, advertised and labelled as "flushable", has been the subject of controversy due to their perceived potential to block sewer systems as observed with other non-woven cloths such as traditional non-flushable wipes. Non-woven cloths that enter wastewater systems can find their way into the aquatic environment via wastewater effluents and it has been suggested that the breakdown of these fabrics can release materials such as microplastics into the environment. Worldwide research has revealed the alarming number of aquatic organisms affected by the presence of plastic debris in the aquatic environment harbouring a potential risk to humans through the introduction of microplastics into the food chains. However, the actual material composition of flushable wipes, their fate and impacts in the aquatic environment have not yet been scientifically studied. This paper investigates the fibre composition of flushable and non-flushable wipes, specifically with regard to synthetic polymer material, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and microRaman spectroscopy along with fluorescence microscopy. The study demonstrated the presence of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, (PET)), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene/vinyl acetate (PEVA/EVA) in some flushable wipes and PET in all non-flushable. Other polymers such us polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PU) were also identified as potential components in the flushable material. Hence, commercially available wet wipes labelled as flushable could also be considered as a possible source of microplastic fibres in the wastewater streams and, if not retained, in the environment.
Seasonal variation and source analysis of persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere over the western Tibetan Plateau
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region has become gradually contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The picture regarding POPs is clear in the central and southern parts of the TP; however, few observational campaigns have focused on the western TP. To clarify the concentrations, seasonal trends and source regions of POPs in the western TP, a first study of POPs in Muztagh Ata (westerly region) and a long-term (5 years) monitoring program in Ngari (transect region influenced by both the Indian monsoon and westerly climate) were conducted. Except for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), relatively low POP levels were observed in the western TP. In Muztagh Ata, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) showed higher concentrations in winter and lower ones in summer, whereas at Ngari, higher DDTs and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) concentrations were observed in summer as compared with winter. Source diagnosis indicated that Xinjiang and central Asia were the main source regions for POPs in Muztagh Ata and that westerly winds play a key role in transporting POPs from central Asia. No correlation was found between the height of the atmospheric boundary layer and the concentrations of POPs over the TP.
Occurrence of tumors among gastropods Plicopurpura pansa (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) in the Port of Manzanillo, Mexico
Abstract
In order to evaluate the health of Plicopurpura pansa, a species considered vulnerable, a population of this gastropod living in proximity to the port of greatest cargo movement in Mexico was monitored seasonally during 1 year. Morphometric characteristics and sexual proportion were recorded. A macroscopic analysis was carried out to detect malformations and imposex; a histological analysis was performed to evaluate disseminated and gonadal neoplasias; the presence/absence in soft tissues of butyltin species (BTs) as possible contamination agents was also estimated. A total of 508 P. pansa specimens were collected. The largest specimens were obtained in winter. The coefficients of determination inside the port were low (R2 = 0.453). In general, there was a greater proportion of females than males throughout the year. Distinctive foot malformations (tumors) were recorded, but without signs of imposex. The histological examination confirmed the presence of disseminated neoplasias in the foot and gonads of P. pansa in the Port of Manzanillo. The comparative analysis of the morphological and histological features of the studied gastropod population allowed us to recognize impact patterns in relation to proximity to the port. There were high concentrations of monobutyltin (MBT) and greater abundance of tumors in heavier specimens; this was associated with port proximity zones. P. pansa could therefore serve as a sensitive bioindicator of environmental health in marine systems.
Lycopene reduces in utero bisphenol A exposure-induced mortality, benefits hormones, and development of reproductive organs in offspring mice
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of lycopene on reproductive toxicity induced by in utero exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in offspring mice. Pregnant mice in the BPA model group were given orally 500 mg/kg/day BPA from pregnant day (PD)8 to PD14. Mice of lycopene group were gavaged with 20 mg/kg/day lycopene from PD1 to PD7 and then given 500 mg/kg/day BPA from PD8 to PD14. Results showed that lycopene reduced the elevated mortality in offspring mice of the mother exposed to BPA. BPA lowered the levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone while lycopene treatment increased the levels significantly. BPA elevated estradiol while lycopene lowered estradiol in the offspring. BPA caused testicular damage as shown by less Leydig cells and ovarian injury as shown by less corpus granules in adult offspring, while lycopene decreased the damages. Maternal exposure to BPA increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 in testicular and ovary tissues in the offspring mice. Lycopene decreased Bax in testis and ovary and increased Bcl-2 in ovary tissues in the offspring mice. These findings suggest lycopene has protective effects on in utero BPA exposure-induced reproductive toxicity in offspring mice.
Minimal Clinically Important Differences for Measures of Treatment Efficacy in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Whan B. Kim, Brandon Worley, James Holmes, Elizabeth J. Phillips, Jennifer Beecker, Jennifer Beecker
Platelet rich plasma with microneedling and trichloroacetic acid peel for treatment of striae distensae
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Abhijeet Kumar Jha, Sidharth Sonthalia, Deepak Jakhar
The dependency analysis between energy consumption, sanitation, forest area, financial development, and greenhouse gas: a continent-wise comparison of lower middle-income countries
Abstract
This study explored the long-run association among greenhouse gases (GHGs), financial development, forest area, improved sanitation, renewable energy, urbanization, and trade in 24 lower middle-income countries from Asia, Europe, Africa, and America (South and North) by using panel data from 1990 to 2015. Granger causality was tested by Toda and Yamamoto approach. The bi-directional causality was established among urbanization and GHGs (Asia), financial development and forest (Asia), energy use and renewable energy (Asia), renewable energy and forest (Asia), improved sanitation and forest (Asia, Africa, America), urbanization and forest (Asia), and improved sanitation and financial development (Europe). The GHG emission also shows one-way causality is running from financial development to GHG (America), energy to GHG (Asia), renewable energy to GHG (America), forest area to GHG (America), trade openness to GHG (Africa), urbanization to GHG (Europe), GHG to financial development (Europe), GHG to energy use (Europe, Africa, and America), and GHG to trade openness (Asia). On the basis of fully modified ordinary least square and generalized method of moment, the reciprocal relationship of GHGs was observed due to financial development in Asia and Africa; renewable energy in all panels; forest area in Asia, Europe, and America; improved sanitation in Asia, Africa, and America; trade openness in Africa; and urbanization in Europe and America. Policymakers should concentrate on these variables for the reduction in GHGs. The annual convergence towards long-run equilibrium was 50.5, 31.9, and 20.9% for America, Asia, and Africa, respectively.
Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of 22 emerging contaminants in the Jilin Songhua River (Northeast China)
Abstract
Rivers may receive pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and environment estrogens, which are emerging concerns, from various sources. Understanding the fate of these emerging contaminants (ECs) from the sources to their receiving river is important for assessing their ecosystem risk. Here, the occurrence, seasonal variation, spatial distribution, and ecological risk of 22 ECs in water and sediments from the Jilin Songhua River, as well as in the effluents from the riverside Jilin wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were investigated. Results indicated that estriol with the highest median concentration of 21.5 ng L−1 in the river water and with the highest median concentration of 481.5 ng g−1 in the sediments, and methylparaben with the highest concentration of 29.6 ± 2.9 ng L−1 in the WWTP effluents were the predominant contaminants. The total concentration of ECs in the river water in the dry season was about 1.5 times higher than that in the wet season. The concentrations of these ECs close to the contaminated tributary and the WWTP were relatively high. Risk assessment showed that the maximum risk quotient value of estrone was 1.07 in the river water and estriol was 2.10 in the effluents. In addition, erythromycin posed generally medium risk in the river water and WWTP effluents. It should be paid attention to the prior control of the three contaminants in the river region.
Successful haploidentical transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Che Ry Hong, Sangmoon Lee, Kyung Taek Hong, Jung Yoon Choi, Hee Young Shin, Murim Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang
Timoma de estadio avanzado asociado a síndromes paraneoplásicos con buena respuesta a los corticosteroides orales y tacrolimus tópico
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2018
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): S. Sánchez-Pérez, C. Monteagudo-Castro, J.M. Martín-Hernández, M.D. Ramón-Quiles
Descripción de los pacientes que reciben biológicos como primer tratamiento sistémico en el registro BIOBADADERM durante el periodo 2008-2016
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2018
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): G. Carretero Hernández, C. Ferrándiz, R. Rivera Díaz, E. Daudén Tello, P. de la Cueva-Dobao, F.J. Gómez-García, E. Herrera-Ceballos, I. Belinchón Romero, J.L. López-Estebaranz, M. Alsina Gibert, J.L. Sánchez-Carazo, M. Ferrán Farrés, A. González Quesada, J.M. Carrascosa Carrillo, M. Llamas-Velasco, M.V. Mendiola Fernández, D. Ruiz Genao, C. Muñoz Santos, I. García-Doval, M.A. Descalzo
Introducción y objetivosLa utilización clínica habitual de los fármacos biológicos en el tratamiento de la psoriasis es en segunda línea, es decir, tras el uso previo de un fármaco clásico. Sin embargo, en casos particulares ?particularidades del paciente o criterio médico? se realiza la indicación en primera línea. No existen estudios sobre las características demográficas, clínicas y de seguridad de los pacientes que reciben fármaco biológico en primera línea. Como objetivo primario se pretende determinar dichas características de acuerdo con la iniciación de la terapia biológica en primera o segunda línea.Material y métodoSe realizó un estudio descriptivo, multicéntrico, de 181 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento biológico como primer fármaco sistémico para control de su psoriasis moderada-grave, y que forman parte del Registro Español de Acontecimientos Adversos Asociados con Medicamentos Biológicos en Dermatología, entre enero de 2008 y noviembre de 2016.ResultadosLos pacientes de ambos grupos son muy similares, si bien se evidencia que el grupo que recibe el biológico en primera línea presenta una edad más avanzada, sin que se justifique por gravedad de la enfermedad (PASI) ni por el tiempo de evolución de esta desde el diagnóstico. En este grupo de pacientes es más frecuente la presencia de hipertensión, diabetes y hepatopatía. No hemos encontrado diferencias en motivos de suspensión ni seguridad entre ambos grupos.ConclusionesNo se han encontrado diferencias relevantes entre los 2 grupos, lo cual refuerza la seguridad de los fármacos biológicos en este contexto.Introduction and objectivesBiologic drugs are usually prescribed as second-line treatment for psoriasis, that is, after the patient has first been treated with a conventional psoriasis drug. There are, however, cases where, depending on the characteristics of the patient or the judgement of the physician, biologics may be chosen as first-line therapy. No studies to date have analyzed the demographics or clinical characteristics of patients in this setting or the safety profile of the agents used. The main aim of this study was to characterize these aspects of first-line biologic therapy and compare them to those observed for patients receiving biologics as second-line therapy.Material and methodWe conducted an observational study of 181 patients treated in various centers with a systemic biologic drug as first-line treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis between January 2008 and November 2016. All the patients were registered in the Spanish Registry of Adverse Events Associated with Biologic Drugs in Dermatology.ResultsThe characteristics of the first- and second-line groups were very similar, although the patients receiving a biologic as first-line treatment for their psoriasis were older. No differences were observed for disease severity (assessed using the PASI) or time to diagnosis. Hypertension, diabetes, and liver disease were all more common in the first-line group. There were no differences between the groups in terms of reasons for drug withdrawal or occurrence of adverse effects.ConclusionsNo major differences were found between patients with psoriasis receiving biologic drugs as first- or second-line therapy, a finding that provides further evidence of the safety of biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis.
Graphical abstract
Water content of limestones submitted to realistic wet deposition: a CIME2 chamber simulation
Abstract
An experimental chamber (CIME2) has been specially designed to simulate wet atmospheric deposition on limestones used in Paris cultural heritage. This instrument is a complementary tool to CIME, a previously developed chamber dedicated to the simulation of dry atmospheric deposition on monuments and artifacts. The aim of this paper is to describe CIME2 and characterize the wet deposits produced inside it. Mist (fog), drizzle, and rainfall are differentiated in order to document their ability to saturate the limestones most currently used in Paris monuments: The Saint-Maximin's limestone, the Liais of Saint-Maximin, and the Chauvigny's limestone are tested. The comparison between normalized and environmental petrophysical data shows that in the wet deposition simulations, limestones are not systematically water-saturated. Moreover, the realistic experimental conditions chosen favor a more rapid evaporation of the stone water. The quantification of the non-saturation state is a first step that has to be taken into account to improve the geochemical models used to predict the alteration.
Persistence of picloram in soil with different vegetation managements
Abstract
Herbicides with long residual period may increase the risk of environmental contamination. Adequate management of forage can reduce the half-life of the picloram, one of the most herbicides used in weed control. This study aims to determine the half-life of picloram, using high-performance liquid chromatography in a cultivated soil with Brachiaria brizantha trimmed or not. Brachiaria brizantha was cultivated in 60 pots filled with samples of oxisol, and 30 others were kept uncultivated with this forage. This plant was cut off close to the ground, after 60 days of emergency on 30 vessels. Picloram was applied in all of the plots. Soil samples were collected at 2, 16, 30, 44, 58, 72, 86, 120, 150, and 180 days after the application of this herbicide. These samples were air-dried and stored at − 20 °C. Picloram was extracted by HPLC/UV-Vis detector. Half-life of this herbicide was calculated using kinetics models. The mere presence of roots in treatment with signalgrass cutoff did not reduce the concentrations of this herbicide, except when the emergence of new leaves occurred. The absence of B. brizantha cultivation in areas with application of picloram increases the risk of environmental contamination and successive crops due to the half-life of this herbicide. Brachiaria brizantha reduced half-life picloram and environmental risk in pastures. The validation method is suitable for determining picloram in low concentrations in soil.
Humic substances in Fluvisols of the Lower Vistula floodplain, North Poland
Abstract
The present study describes properties of humic substances of the Fluvisols (the Lower Vistula, Poland). Fluvisols under agricultural management (arable soil and grassland) were sampled from the surface horizon 50, 200, 600, and 900 m from the Vistula River. The content of carbon in the fractions of humic acids (CHAs), fulvic acids (CFAs), and humins (CHUMIN) as well as the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were assayed. The organic matter of the soils that were sampled 200 m from the river demonstrated a lowest share of the humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs). The percentage share of the hydrophilic fractions (HIL) in the HAs and, as a result the value of the HIL/ΣHOB ratio, increased with the distance from the riverbed. The HAs of the soils located further from the riverbed had a higher degree of humification compared to the HAs of the soils that were sampled 50 and 200 m away. Based on the research results, it was determined that the properties of HAs can be used to evaluate the effect of flood events, their location, and scope on the transformation of the organic matter in fluvial sediments.
Major Trauma Workload and Training Among UK Plastic Surgeons: A Survey of BAPRAS Members
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Susan A. Hendrickson, Rob M.T. Staruch, Katie Young, Shehan Hettiaratchy
How to assess the volume of a DIEP flap using a free online calculator: the DIEP V (volume) method,,✰✰✰,✰✰✰✰
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Sergio Razzano, Ryan Taylor, Schonauer Fabrizio, Andrea Figus
IntroductionAmong the few methods available, none is able to determine accurately the volume of a DIEP flap. Specimen weight is commonly used to assess the amount of flap needed to reconstruct a breast, but the density of breast is different from that of abdominal tissues; therefore, the volume should be used as a unique unit of measure. The purpose of this study was to provide a simple method to calculate the predicted volume of a DIEP flap in order to match the volume of the breast being reconstructed.Material and MethodWe hypothesised that the shape best resembling a DIEP flap was a truncated pyramid. Based on this shape, we tailored 30 DIEP flap models using the discarded tissue after unilateral DIEP flap breast reconstructions. The awaited volume (AV) of the models was calculated with a free online calculator measuring the length and height with a ruler, and width (fat thickness) with Ultrasound (US).The real volume (RV) of the models was calculated using water displacement method. AV and RV were compared and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsThe mean difference between the AV and the RV was not statistically significant with a mean estimation error of 6.75%. When the AVs were plotted against the RVs, the two data sets were highly statistically correlated (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.997).ConclusionsThe proposed tool can be a useful, precise, easy and accessible tool to improve the current DIEP flap size assessment improving outcomes for both surgeons and patients.
Objective assessment of effect of dome cut and suture on the correction of lower lateral cartilage malposition
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Shahriar Hadadi Abyaneh, Ali Atri, Ali Ranjbari, Hojjat Molaei
Quantitative dynamic analysis of the nasolabial complex using 3D motion capture – a normative data set
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2018
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): C.J. Lowney, T-C Hsung, D.O. Morris, B.S. Khambay
IntroductionSmile reanimation should be considered from a dynamic perspective. Any intervention should restore normality. To date no such normative dynamic data has been published.AimTo quantitatively analyse maximal smiles between a healthy group of Caucasian male and female adults using 3D motion capture (4D stereophotogrammetry).MethodUsing a 3D facial motion capture system 54 males and 54 female volunteers were imaged whilst performing a maximal smile. Eight nasolabial landmarks were digitised and tracked. Differences in displacement and speed of bilateral landmarks between males and females were analysed in each direction (x, y, z and Euclidian), from rest (T0), to median smile (T1) and maximal smile (T2), using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon-Signed Rank tests.ResultsIn males and females the displacement and speed of the left and right alar base landmarks were similar in the x and y directions but less in the z direction. For the philtrum, the displacement and speed of the bilateral landmarks were similar in the y and z directions, but less in the x direction. The left alar base and left philtrum moved significantly more in males. Left and right cheilion moved a similar amount in the x and y directions but more in the z direction. Labiale superius moved significantly more in the z direction, and labiale inferius moved significantly more in the y direction in males.In conclusion, this study has presented a novel normative data set of dynamic nasolabial complex movement for males and females during maximum smile. The data, as well as providing magnitudes of displacements of the nasolabial complex, also provides the speeds of movement.
Potentially toxic elements to maize in agricultural soils—microbial approach of rhizospheric and bulk soils and phytoaccumulation
Abstract
Maize fields near Mae Tao Creek in Pha Te Village, Tak Province, Thailand are contaminated with Zn, Cd, and Pb. This research studied the interaction between levels of the metals contaminating the soil and maize development, heavy metal accumulation in the seeds, and the soil bacterial community structure. Our field experiment was carried out in five plots with metal contents that gradually decreased from a high level near the creek to a lower level further into the land: Zn 380–4883 mg kg−1, Cd 6–85 mg kg−1, and Pb 34–154 mg kg−1. Cultivation and isolation on nutrient agar (NA) was utilized to study the culturable bacterial community, and polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was utilized for the unculturable bacterial communities. All statistical analyses clearly indicated that rainfall and irrigation were the main factors affecting total Zn concentration and bioavailable Zn, Cd, and Pb in the field. The variation in the contents of the heavy metals was weakly correlated with the culturable bacterial community indices (Shannon-Wiener, evenness and richness), but the contents resulted in a difference in the overall diversity of the bacteria in the soil. The richness, numbers of culturable rhizobacteria, and maize growth stage significantly affected the amount of Zn and Cd that accumulated in the roots. In addition, maize accumulated a high level of Zn in the seeds, while the low contents of Cd and Pb in the seeds were below our limit of detection. The results obtained could be informative for the management of maize cultivation in the area.
Combining micelle-clay sorption to solar photo-Fenton processes for domestic wastewater treatment
Abstract
A tertiary treatment of effluent from a biological domestic wastewater treatment plant was tested by combining filtration and solar photocatalysis. Adsorption was carried out by a sequence of two column filters, the first one filled with granular activated carbon (GAC) and the second one with granulated nano-composite of micelle-montmorillonite mixed with sand (20:100, w/w). The applied solar advanced oxidation process was homogeneous photo-Fenton photocatalysis using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as oxidant agent. This combination of simple, robust, and low-cost technologies aimed to ensure water disinfection and emerging contaminants (ECs, mainly pharmaceuticals) removal. The filtration step showed good performances in removing dissolved organic matter and practically removing all bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis from the secondary treated water. Solar advanced oxidation processes were efficient in elimination of trace levels of ECs. The final effluent presented an improved sanitary level with acceptable chemical and biological characteristics for irrigation.
Can we use Cd-contaminated macrophytes for biogas production?
Abstract
Aside from the ability of plants to remove domestic-industrial wastewater contaminants from various types of water, macrophytes can also serve as an alternative source of energy. The goal of the present study was to test the viability of biogas production using aquatic macrophyte species—Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes—contaminated with cadmium (Cd) after the phytoremediation process. The plants were transferred to a nutrient solution contaminated with 0.8 mg L−1of Cd. The experiment was set up in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme with the presence or absence of Cd and three phytoremediation times (20, 40, or 60 days) using P. stratiotes followed by an additional treatment consisting of P. stratiotes + E. crassipes for 20 days. The acute and chronic effects of bioassays with the microcrustacean Daphnia similis were used to evaluate the ability of the macrophytes to remove toxicity by phytoremediation. The viability test of biogas production after phytoremediation was evaluated using micro-biodigesters. According to the results, at least 60 days of phytoremediation are necessary to remove/remediate the Cd present in the contaminated solution. The metal did not influence the macrophytes' methanogenic activity, showing that these macrophytes can be used for biogas/methane production. The combination of Pistia stratiotes with Eichhornia crassipes is a good alternative to reduce phytoremediation time, but for 20 days of testing, the presence of Eichhornia crassipes reduces the biogas production/CH4. However, it is believed that if the digestion time is extended, this effect can be minimized. The phytoremediation time indicated that Pistia stratiotes must remain at least 60 days to remove/remediate the Cd present in the contaminated solution.
Arsenic-induced oxidative stress, cholinesterase activity in the brain of Swiss albino mice, and its amelioration by antioxidants Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity becomes one of the major public health issues in several countries. Chronic and acute exposure to arsenic has been reported to be toxic to various systems of the human body and also observed in controlled experimental studies. The study was conducted to evaluate the neurotoxic effect of arsenic in Swiss albino mice and its amelioration by Vitamin E, Coenzyme Q10 and their combination. Swiss albino mice were treated with arsenic of 136 ppm for 15 days. The daily dose is 1/3 of LD 50 (acute) reported dose of arsenic. Thereafter, the animals were maintained either on drinking water or treated with Vitamin E (50 mg/kg bwt), Coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg bwt), and their combination by i.p.daily for 15 days. After the treatment, animals were sacrificed. The weight of the brain was marginally lower (ns), in arsenic-treated group as compared to control and antioxidant-protected groups. The LPO (lipid peroxidation) level was higher in arsenic-treated group, and this elevation was checked to some extent by the selected antioxidants which were statistically significant in combination of antioxidant-protected group. A significant reduction was found in GSH (reduced glutathione) level in the brain of arsenic-treated mice whereas GSH level was considerably higher in antioxidant-protected groups. Further, total thiol and total protein level were lower in arsenic-treated group. However, total thiol was significantly higher in antioxidant-protected groups. CAT (catalase) activity was significantly lower while SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity was marginally lowered in arsenic-treated group, and it was slightly higher in antioxidant-protected groups. Further, reduction in AChE (acetylcholinesterase) and BChE (butyrylcholinesterase) and motor coordination activity were also observed in arsenic-treated groups. Whereas, a higher AChE, BChE, and motor coordination activity was observed in antioxidant-protected group. These data indicate a positive role of selected antioxidant against the toxicity of arsenic in the brain of mice.
The breast milk lead levels among Chinese population
Abstract
Breast milk is a potential source of infant and young children lead exposure, but national-level data on breast milk lead (BML) is unknown in China. To fill up this gap, we conducted a review by analyzing the articles enrolled through searching Wanfang MedOnline, CNKI, SinoMed, Pubmed, and Embase databases and relevant articles from 2000 through 2017. After screening and assessing process, 17 articles were included. The average concentrations of BML in these studies varied with regions (1.54–171.84 μg/L), and the BML level was dropping down in general. In conclusion, breast milk should still be encouraged to infant and young children in normal areas of China, and stopping breastfeeding should be considered prudently. Education for health workers and families on BML should be strengthened, and more surveys on BML should be conducted.
Πέμπτη 7 Ιουνίου 2018
Editorial board
Publication date: June–July 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, Volume 145, Issues 6–7
Effets paradoxaux des biothérapies — Une dénomination erronée ?
Publication date: June–July 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, Volume 145, Issues 6–7
Author(s): D. Jullien
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Abstract Objectives To investigate factors related to reasoning skills in 434 school children aged 5–9 years. Methods The Leiter Interna...
