Αναζήτηση αυτού του ιστολογίου

Κυριακή 22 Οκτωβρίου 2017

Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00306932607174,00302841026182,


QTc-prolongation during ciprofloxacin and fluconazole combination therapy: prevalence and associated risk factors
 
Abstract Aim (s)Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole combination therapy is frequently used as prophylaxis for and treatment of infections in patients with haematological malignancies. However, both drugs are known to prolong the QTc-interval, which is a serious risk factor for Torsade de Pointes (TdP). Therefore,...
Comparative safety of systemic and low-bioavailability steroids in inflammatory bowel disease: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
 
SUMMARY AimsOral systemic corticosteroids have been used to induce remission in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for over 50 years; however, the wide array of adverse events (AEs) associated with these drugs prompted the development of steroid compounds with targeted delivery and...
Delineating the relationship between Point A prescription dose and pelvic lymph node doses in intracavitary high-dose-rate brachytherapy treatment of cervical cancer for use in low- and middle-income countries
 
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2017Source:Brachytherapy Author(s): John Weaver, Grant Harmon, Matthew M. Harkenrider, Murat Surucu, Abbie Wood, Fiori Alite, William SmallPurposeTo define the relationship between the Point A prescription dose and the dose delivered to...
Pelvic re-irradiation using stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR): A systematic review
 
To perform a systematic review regarding the use of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for the re-irradiation of recurrent malignant disease within the pelvis, to guide the clinical implementation of this technique. from Rathiotherapy via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zspsVd via IFTTT
PFA-100-measured aspirin resistance is the predominant risk factor for hospitalized cardiovascular events in aspirin-treated patients: A 5-year cohort study
 
Summary What is known and objectiveAspirin therapy is the clinical gold standard for the prevention of cardiovascular events. However, cardiovascular events still develop in some patients undergoing aspirin therapy. Many laboratory methods exist for measuring aspirin resistance. Using the platelet...
Validation of Dosimetric Leaf Gap (DLG) prior to its implementation in Treatment Planning System (TPS): TrueBeam™ millennium 120 leaf MLC
 
Publication date: November–December 2017Source:Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, Volume 22, Issue 6 Author(s): Ravindra Shende, Ganesh PatelAimObjective of present study is to determine optimum value of DLG and its validation prior to being incorporated in TPS for Varian TrueBeam™...
Injectable Products by SCA Pharmaceuticals: Recall - Potential Contamination
 
[Posted 10/21/2017] AUDIENCE: Pharmacy, Health Professional ISSUE: SCA Pharmaceuticals LLC (“SCA Pharmaceuticals”) is voluntarily recalling various lots of injectable products to the hospital level. The is a potential for the products to… from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yEQHhr...
Nodal areas of potential geographic error in adjuvant radiotherapy for biliary tract cancer
 
To determine the areas of potential geographic error in adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for biliary-tract cancer (BTC) by comparing pathological-surgical data on the pattern of nodal spread with the extent of elective nodal CTV used in published RT studies in this setting. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13...
Multi-criterial patient positioning based on dose recalculation on scatter-corrected CBCT images
 
Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and potential advantages of dose guided patient positioning based on dose recalculation on scatter corrected cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image data. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2l59u0L via IFTTT
A Bayesian Meta-analysis Method for Estimating Risk Difference of Rare Events
 
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A decision theoretical modeling for Phase III investments and drug licensing
 
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Two faces of Hippo: activate or suppress the Hippo pathway in cancer
 
The Hippo pathway has generated considerable interest in recent years because of its involvement in several key hallmarks of cancer progression and metastasis. Research on the Hippo signaling pathway in cancer has been used to determine the activity of yes-associated protein (YAP) in tumorigenesis and...
Ability of polymer-bound P-glycoprotein inhibitor ritonavir to overcome multidrug resistance in various resistant neuroblastoma cell lines
 
Polymer prodrugs can considerably improve the treatment of tumors with multidrug resistance, often caused by overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Here, we present the effect of the N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-based polymer conjugate with P-gp inhibitor ritonavir (RIT) on the increase of free...
A noninterventional, multicenter, prospective phase IV study of trabectedin in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma
 
This prospective, noninterventional study is the first phase IV trial designed to evaluate trabectedin in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma in real-life clinical practice across Europe. To be included in the study, patients must have received more than or equal to one cycle of trabectedin and...
Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL mediate resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase-targeted therapy in lung and gastric cancer
 
Promising clinical efficacy has been observed with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) particularly in lung and gastric cancers with mutations or amplifications in the targeted receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). However, the efficacy and the duration of the response to these inhibitors are limited...
Extended topoisomerase 1 inhibition through liposomal irinotecan results in improved efficacy over topotecan and irinotecan in models of small-cell lung cancer
 
Liposomal irinotecan (irinotecan liposome injection, nal-IRI), a liposomal formulation of irinotecan, is designed for extended circulation relative to irinotecan and for exploiting discontinuous tumor vasculature for enhanced drug delivery to tumors. Following tumor deposition, nal-IRI is taken up by...
miR-449a: a potential therapeutic agent for cancer
 
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be associated with cancer progression and carcinogenesis. They are small, highly conserved, noncoding RNA molecules consisting of 19–25 nucleotides. By binding to complementary binding sites within the 3′-untranslated region of target mRNAs, miRNAs inhibit the...
N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane enhances the chemosensitivity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to vincristine through inhibition of eif5a-2 activation
 
N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7), a deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitor, has been shown to exert antiproliferation effects in many solid tumors by regulating eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a2 (eif5a-2). However, little is known about the role of GC7 and eif5a-2 in drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic...
A novel hydroxyphenyl hydrazone derivate YCL0426 inhibits cancer cell proliferation through sequestering iron
 
Cancer cells have an increased requirement for iron than normal cells, and iron chelators are under active consideration for cancer treatment. The metal-sequestering potential and antiproliferative mechanisms of a novel hydroxyphenyl hydrazone derivate YCL0426 were investigated here. Antiproliferative...
Rhabdomyosarcoma cells are susceptible to cell death by LDK378 alone or in combination with sorafenib independently of anaplastic lymphoma kinase status
 
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is often overexpressed in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). However, its oncogenic and functional role in RMS remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the antitumor activity of LDK378 (ceritinib), a new second-generation ALK inhibitor approved...
Anticancer drugs and the regulation of Hedgehog genes GLI1 and PTCH1, a comparative study in nonmelanoma skin cancer cell lines
 
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in humans, comprising mainly basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). BCC proliferation is highly dependent on the Hedgehog signaling pathway. We aimed to investigate a panel of anticancer drugs with known activity against skin cancer...
Gallic acid induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p21/p27 axis
 
Gallic acid (GA) possesses potential antitumoral activity on different types of malignancies. In this study, we aimed to explore the antitumoral effects of GA on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, the breast cancer cells showing resistance to hormonal therapy or HER2 receptor targeting therapy....
Early tumor shrinkage indicates a favorable response to bevacizumab-based first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer
 
A close correlation between early tumor shrinkage (ETS) and overall survival (OS) has been shown in antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody-based chemotherapies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but the clinical impact of ETS in bevacizumab-based chemotherapy has not been adequately clarified....
SDF-1/CXCR4 expression is an independent negative prognostic biomarker in patients with head and neck cancer after primary radiochemotherapy
 
Preclinical and clinical data suggest that the chemokine pathway governed by SDF-1 and CXCR4 contributes to a resistant phenotype. This retrospective biomarker study aims to explore the specific prognostic value of SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas...
Prospective clinical validation of independent DVH prediction for plan QA in automatic treatment planning for prostate cancer patients
 
To prospectively investigate the use of an independent DVH prediction tool to detect outliers in the quality of fully automatically generated treatment plans for prostate cancer patients. from Rathiotherapy via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xUr48N via IFTTT
Natural and artificial radionuclides in a marine core. First results of 236U in North Atlantic Ocean sediments
 
Publication date: Available online 20 October 2017Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Author(s): M. Villa-Alfageme, E. Chamizo, F.J. Santos-Arévalo, J.M. López-Gutierrez, I. Gómez-Martínez, S. Hurtado-BermúdezThere are very few data available of 236U in marine sediment cores....
International Regulations and Recommendations for Utility Data for Health Technology Assessment
 
Abstract Recommendations and guidelines for the collection, generation, source and usage of utility data for health technology assessment (HTA) vary across different countries, with no international consensus. Many international agencies generate their own guidelines providing details...
The Identification, Review and Synthesis of Health State Utility Values from the Literature
 
Abstract Systematic literature reviews of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evidence that are to inform economic models can be challenging due to the volume of hits identified in searches using generic terms for HRQoL. Nevertheless, a robust review of the literature is required...
Estimating Health State Utility Values for Comorbidities
 
Abstract A comorbidity is defined as the presence of at least one additional health condition co-occurring with a primary health condition. Decision analytic models in healthcare depict the typical clinical pathway of patients in general clinical practice and frequently include health...
Recommended Methods for the Collection of Health State Utility Value Evidence in Clinical Studies
 
Abstract A conceptual model framework and an initial literature review are invaluable when considering what health state utility values (HSUVs) are required to populate health states in decision models. They are the recommended starting point early within a research and development...
The Use of Mapping to Estimate Health State Utility Values
 
Abstract Mapping functions are estimated using regression analyses and are frequently used to predict health state utility values (HSUVs) in decision analytic models. Mapping functions are used when evidence on the required preference-based measure (PBM) is not available, or where...
Sourcing and Using Appropriate Health State Utility Values in Economic Models in Health Care
 
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Special Edition on Utility Measurement, PharmacoEconomics
 
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A Review of Generic Preference-Based Measures for Use in Cost-Effectiveness Models
 
Abstract Generic preference-based measures (GPBMs) of health are used to obtain the quality adjustment weight required to calculate the quality-adjusted life year in health economic models. GPBMs have been developed to use across different interventions and medical conditions and...
The Role of Condition-Specific Preference-Based Measures in Health Technology Assessment
 
Abstract A condition-specific preference-based measure (CSPBM) is a measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) that is specific to a certain condition or disease and that can be used to obtain the quality adjustment weight of the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) for use in...
Heath State Utility Values for Cost-Effectiveness Models
 
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The Use of Health State Utility Values in Decision Models
 
Abstract Methodological issues of how to use health state utility values (HSUVs) in decision models arise frequently, including the most appropriate evidence to use as the baseline (e.g. the baseline HSUVs associated with avoiding a particular health condition or event), how to...
Peptide Ligands for Targeting the Extracellular Domain of EGFR: Comparison Between Linear and Cyclic Peptides
 
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common solid internal malignancy among cancers. Early detection of cancer is key to increasing the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. Overexpression of the EGFR protein is associated with CRC. We have designed a series of peptides that are...
Amphiphilic small peptides for delivery of plasmid DNAs and siRNAs
 
Abstract Although various delivery systems for nucleic acids have been reported, development of an efficient and non-toxic delivery carrier is still a key subject for gene therapy. In order to find new efficient delivery carriers for nucleic acids, we synthesized amphiphilic peptides composed of a...
Non-steroidal Estrogen Receptor Isoform Selective Biphenyls
 
Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER) has been a therapeutic target to treat ER positive breast cancer, most notably by agents known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). However, resistance and severe adverse effects of known drugs gave impetus to the search for newer agents with better therapeutic...
Personalized Risk Prediction in Clinical Oncology Research: Applications and Practical Issues Using Survival Trees and Random Forests
 
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Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel scopoletin derivatives
 
Abstract A series of scopoletin derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing α-aminoacetamide, acrylamide and β-aminopropamide respectively to 3-position of scopoletin and their chemical structures were confirmed by ESI-MS, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. All target compounds were evaluated...
Letter: the risk of cancer in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia
 
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Letter: low-FODMAP diet for exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome
 
Linked Content This article is linked to Costa et al papers. To view these articles visit http://ift.tt/2yVVoET and http://ift.tt/2yVuiOy. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hRCxQA via IFTTT
Editorial: rifaximin in cirrhosis - is it what we've been waiting for?
 
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Editorial: hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease progression – HCV cure and the elimination of the “ethnic slope”
 
Linked Content This article is linked to Le et al papers. To view these articles visit http://ift.tt/2hS2uzF and http://ift.tt/2yWgy63. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hQW5EB via IFTTT
Editorial: risk stratification for endoscopic surveillance of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection
 
Linked Content This article is linked to Kwon and Jeon, and Kwon et al papers. To view these article visit http://ift.tt/2yVugWW and http://ift.tt/2hTo1aO from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hRKPIa via IFTTT
Editorial: hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease progression – HCV cure and the elimination of the “ethnic slope”. Authors’ reply
 
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Letter: enteral nutrition therapy for the induction of remission in paediatric Crohn's disease—Authors’ reply
 
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Editorial: risk stratification for endoscopic surveillance of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection—Authors’ reply
 
Linked Content This article is linked to Fock and Ang, and Kwon et al papers. To view these articles visit http://ift.tt/2yWPkMF and http://ift.tt/2hTo1aO. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yWgx1Z via IFTTT
Editorial: rifaximin in cirrhosis—is this what we've been waiting for? Authors’ reply
 
Linked Content This article is linked to Huang and Kang et al papers. To view these articles visit http://ift.tt/2hQ6sJ1 and http://ift.tt/2yVsrsR. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hScMzp via IFTTT
Letter: addition of methotrexate neither restores clinical response nor improves the pharmacokinetic profile of vedolizumab-treated patients
 
Linked Content This article is linked to Strik et al paper. To view this article visit http://ift.tt/2hS2tf5. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yUQV5n via IFTTT
Letter: enteral nutrition therapy for the induction of remission in paediatric Crohn's disease
 
Linked Content This article is linked to Feathers et al and Swaminath et al papers. To view these articles visit http://ift.tt/2yWGGxI and http://ift.tt/2hQKlSI. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yWGONI via IFTTT
Letter: low-FODMAP diet for exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome—Authors’ reply
 
Linked Content This article is linked to Uno and Costa et al papers. To view these articles visit http://ift.tt/2hSxsr5 and http://ift.tt/2yVVoET. from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hRLIR3 via IFTTT
ERRATUM
 
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The taxonomic composition of the donor intestinal microbiota is a major factor influencing the efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation in therapy refractory ulcerative colitis
 
Summary BackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation is an experimental approach for the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. Although there is growing evidence that faecal microbiota transplantation is effective in this disease, factors affecting its response are unknown. AimsTo establish...
Genetic polymorphisms associated with smoking behaviour predict the risk of surgery in patients with Crohn's disease
 
Summary BackgroundSmoking is a strong environmental factor leading to adverse outcomes in Crohn’s disease, but a more benign course in ulcerative colitis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with smoking quantity and behaviour. AimsTo assess whether smoking-associated SNPs...
The extent of edema and tumor synchronous invasion into the subventricular zone and corpus callosum classify outcomes and radiotherapy strategies of glioblastomas
 
Irradiating glioblastoma preoperative edema (PE) remains controversial. We investigated the associations between tumors’ PE extent with invasion into synchronous subventricular zone and corpus callosum (sSVZCC) and treatment outcomes to provide the clinical evidence for radiotherapy decision-making....
Energy efficiency of ambulation–A comparison of various orthopaedic possibilities
 
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2017Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies Author(s): Jerin Mathew, Kavitha Raja, Febin P. Baby, B. BasimaBackgroundIn most developing countries, accessibility for people using walking aids is limited due to architectural and environmental...
Exposure-survival analyses of pazopanib in renal cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma patients: opportunities for dose optimization
 
Abstract Background Pazopanib is an angiogenesis inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma. Post hoc analysis of a clinical trial demonstrated a relationship between pazopanib trough concentrations...
Cryoconites from Alpine glaciers: Radionuclide accumulation and age estimation with Pu and Cs isotopes and 210Pb
 
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2017Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Author(s): T. Wilflinger, H. Lettner, A. Hubmer, P. Bossew, B. Sattler, H. SlupetzkyCryoconites (“cold dust”, derived from the Greek) are aeolian sediments accumulated on glacier surfaces....
Histone deacetylase inhibitor BG45-mediated HO-1 expression induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
 
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) represent a new type of molecular targeted therapy for different types of cancers and promising targets for myeloma therapy. We showed that...
Optimal dosing and delivery of PTH and its analogues for osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism – translating the pharmacology.
 
Abstract In primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), bone loss results from the resorptive effects of excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Under physiological conditions, PTH has actions that are more targeted to homeostasis and to bone accrual. The predominant action of PTH, either catabolic, anabolic, or...
A randomized phase I study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and food-effect of Iguratimod in healthy adult volunteers
 
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, maximum tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics (PK) of iguratimod and the effect of food on PK parameters in healthy adult volunteers. ...
Severe Physical Complications among Survivors of Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
 
Abstract Introduction Few studies have reported the physical complications among Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) survivors. Objective ...
Do Pharmaceuticals Improve Driving in Individuals with ADHD? A Review of the Literature and Evidence for Clinical Practice
 
Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a disorder of impaired attention and/or behavioral control. Studies suggest that the condition can dispose individuals to a higher risk of automobile accidents. ADHD symptoms respond to pharmacotherapy in a majority...
Telotristat ethyl: proof of principle and the first oral agent in the management of well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumor and carcinoid syndrome diarrhea
 
Abstract Introduction Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are associated with carcinoid syndrome that is typically characterized by diarrhea, cutaneous flushing and bronchospasm. Treatment with somatostatin analogues (SSA) improves...
Treatment-related sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in children with de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia during intensification
 
Abstract Purpose Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), also known as veno-occlusive disease, has been described following treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with the anti-metabolite 6-thioguanine (6-TG). Previous studies incorporating...
Clinical impact of an interdisciplinary patient safety program for managing drug-related problems in a long-term care hospital
 
Abstract Background Medication reviews intended to identify drug-related problems (DRPs) have been researched in primary care, acute care and nursing homes rather than in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs). Objectives To assess the clinical impact of an...
Train-the-trainer program on cardiovascular health for community pharmacists in Malaysia
 
Abstract Background Studies have highlighted the benefits of having community pharmacists to deliver cardiovascular screening to patients. However, only few of such trainings are provided in Malaysia. Objective To describe the implementation and evaluation...
Patients’ knowledge on oral anticoagulant treatment in Hungary
 
Abstract Background A key element for an effective and safe oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT) is to have the relevant information delivered to patients in an easy-to-understand way and thus have them apply this knowledge in their own therapy. Objective...
Stem cells and heart disease - brake or accelerator?
 
Publication date: Available online 18 October 2017Source:Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Author(s): Gustav Steinhoff, Julia Nesteruk, Markus Wolfien, Jana Große, Ulrike Ruch, Praveen Vasudevan, Paula MüllerAfter two decades of intensive research and attempts of clinical translation,...
Phase I study of the combination of crizotinib (as a MET inhibitor) and dasatinib (as a c-SRC inhibitor) in patients with advanced cancer
 
Summary Background Both MET and c-SRC are important mediators of cancer progression and there is cross talk between the two molecules. Preclinical studies have demonstrated combination of MET and c-SRC inhibitors is effective in multiple cancer types....
Les remèdes à base de plantes médicinales dans le traitement du syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII)
 
Résumé Le syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII) est une affection fréquente dont la prévalence moyenne est estimée à 10 %. C’est une affection chronique récurrente qui échappe souvent aux traitements conventionnels en raison de sa physiopathologie complexe et multifactorielle. Dans...
Antidepressants and the risk of arrhythmia in elderly affected by a previous cardiovascular disease: a real-life investigation from Italy
 
Abstract Purpose The study aimed to fill existing knowledge gaps on the safety of antidepressant drugs (ADs) by estimating the risk of hospitalization for arrhythmia associated with use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)...
Enzyme prodrug therapies and therapeutic enzymes
 
Publication date: Available online 18 October 2017Source:Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Author(s): Brigitte Städler, Alexander N. Zelikin from Therapeutics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zygzKo via IFTTT
Population Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Uric Acid–Lowering Effects of Febuxostat Based on Electronic Medical Records in Two Hospitals
 
Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacodynamic (PPD) model to describe uric acid (UA)–lowering effects in patients treated with febuxostat based on electronic medical records in 2 independent hospitals (university and city hospitals). Interhospital differences in the PPD...
A STEP-DOWN PROTOCOL FOR OMALIZUMAB TREATMENT IN ORAL CORTICOSTEROID-DEPENDENT ALLERGIC ASTHMA PATIENTS
 
Abstract Backgroundthere are no specific criteria for a step-down or withdrawal dose of omalizumab. Our purpose was to evaluate the viability of a protocol for OMAlizumab DOse REduction (the OMADORE study) in severe allergic asthma (SAA). Methodsthe study population included 35 SAA patients treated...
Effectiveness of Nivolumab versus Docetaxel as Second-Line Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Clinical Practice
 
Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of nivolumab as second-line treatment compared to standard therapy with docetaxel in adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical practice. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with NSCLC, stage...
ACCP Virtual Poster Symposium
 
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Issue Information
 
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Direct medical costs associated with the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection in France
 
Summary BackgroundThe economic impact of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unknown for France. AimTo estimate the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations of HCV and the direct medical costs associated with them. MethodsEstimates of 13 extrahepatic manifestations...
Short and Long Term Complications of In Utero Exposure to Lamotrigine
 
Summary AIMThe present study evaluates the effect of antenatal lamotrigine exposure, on short and long term pediatric outcome. METHODSThe study included the children of 83 epileptic women treated with lamotrigine during pregnancy, at a tertiary medical center between 2004-2014. All newborns were...
CYP3A genotypes of donors but not those of the patients increase the risk of acute rejection in renal transplant recipients on calcineurin inhibitors: a pilot study
 
Abstract Purpose We aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in CYP3A genes may affect the risk of acute rejection episodes (ARE) in renal transplant recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). ...
Treatment log files as a tool to identify treatment plan sensitivity to inaccuracies in scanned proton beam delivery
 
Dose distributions delivered at Gantry 2 at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) can be reconstructed on the patient anatomy based on machine log files. With the present work, the dependency of the log file calculation on the planning optimization technique and on other planning parameters, such as field...
Patterns of care and outcomes for use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy over radiotherapy alone for anaplastic gliomas
 
The role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for anaplastic gliomas is undefined and patterns of care are under-reported. To address the knowledge gap, we examined use of CRT for grade III gliomas compared to radiotherapy (RT) alone. from Rathiotherapy via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2x3VQfM...
Toxicity and efficacy of re-irradiation of high-grade glioma in a phase I dose- and volume escalation trial
 
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PET and MRI guided re-irradiation of recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG) and to assess the impact of radiotherapy dose, fractionation and irradiated volume. from Rathiotherapy via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yttcGC via IFTTT
Multiple-CT optimization of intensity-modulated proton therapy – Is it possible to eliminate adaptive planning?
 
We hypothesized that a plan’s robustness to anatomical changes can be improved by optimizing with multiple CT scans of a patient. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plan could be developed to meet dose criteria on both planning and adaptive...
ATR/CHK1 inhibitors and cancer therapy
 
The cell cycle checkpoint proteins ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and its major downstream effector checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) prevent the entry of cells with damaged or incompletely replicated DNA into mitosis when the cells are challenged by DNA damaging agents, such as...
Patterns and correlates of treatment failure in relation to isodose distribution in non-small cell lung cancer: An analysis of 1522 patients in the modern era
 
To examine the relationship between radiation dose and tumor control in limited stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). from Rathiotherapy via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ytsF7x via IFTTT
Evaluation of mean transit time of aerosols from the area of origin to the Arctic with 210Pb/210Po daily monitoring data
 
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2017Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Author(s): Weihua Zhang, Baki Sadi, Christopher Rinaldo, Jing Chen, Norman Spencer, Kurt UngarIn this study, the activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po on the 22 daily air filter samples,...

Novel Double-Needle System That Can Prevent Intravascular Injection of Any Filler

imageSummary: A new type of needle system combines 2 parts, an inner needle and an outer needle. The inner needle is used for filler injection and the outer needle acts as a guiding needle that can observe blood reflow when inserting into the vessel lumen during injection process. This new needle system can be used for all kinds of filler, providing real time monitoring for physician and preventing intravascular injection of any filler.

Prepectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction

imageBackground: The development of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) has facilitated single-stage implant breast reconstruction (IBR) following skin-sparing mastectomy. The conventional approach of postpectoral implant placement with lower pole ADM confers a good cosmetic result by improving lower pole projection and control, while minimizing issues of implant visibility, palpability, and rippling. This is balanced with potential disadvantages including pain, disruption of pectoral muscle function, and animation. We report the results of a prospective study of prepectoral IBR with total ADM coverage. Methods: Prepectoral IBR with total ADM coverage was performed in 106 patients (166 breasts) in our institution from 2013 to 2017. The cohort included patients undergoing immediate IBR (113 breasts) and revision of existing submuscular IBR (53 breasts). Patient demographics, surgical complications, and outcomes from a prospective database were analyzed. Results: At a mean follow-up of 485 days, patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes have been good, with no significant capsular contractures or animation deformity. Minor complications including delayed healing, red breast, or seroma occurred in 14 breasts (8.4%). Major complications including necrosis and implant loss occurred in 5 breasts (3 patients), with a total explantation rate of 3%. No patients required more than an overnight stay in hospital, and there were no delays to adjuvant treatment in therapeutic cases. Conclusion: Prepectoral implant placement with ADM cover is emerging as an alternative approach for IBR. This method facilitates breast reconstruction with a good cosmetic outcome for patients who want a quick recovery without potential compromise of pectoral muscle function and associated problems.

Q-switched Nd: YAG laser alone or with modified Jessner chemical peeling for treatment of mixed melasma in dark skin types: A comparative clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study

Summary

Backgrounds

Treatment of mixed melasma remains challenging. Promising results have been achieved with low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched Nd-YAG laser; however, multiple sessions are necessary with occurrence of complications especially in dark skin types. So, combination methods may be recommended.

Aims

To compare efficacy of Q-switched Nd-YAG laser alone or with modified Jessner's peel in mixed melasma in dark skin.

Patients/Methods

Nineteen patients with mixed melasma received 6 sessions of laser on left side of face and alternating laser and modified Jessner on right side. Evaluation was carried out clinically through modified melasma area and severity index at 1 month after last session. Using histopathological, immunohistochemical, and computerized morphometric analysis, objective evaluation of melanin particle surface area and MART-1-positive cells was performed for pre- and post-treated skin biopsies.

Results

There was significant clinical improvement on both sides of face (P < .001), without significant difference (P > .05). At the sixth laser session on left side of face, ill-defined mottled hypopigmentation was observed in 21.05% of patients. Histopathologically, melanin particle surface area and number of MART-1-positive cells (total, epidermal, and dermal) were significantly decreased after two treatment modalities (P < .001), without significant difference in their reduction percentage between both sides of face (P > .05).

Conclusion

Low-fluence Q-switched Nd-YAG laser alone and with modified Jessner's peel are equally effective regimens for mixed melasma clinically, histopathologically, and immunohistochemically. However, combined method is preferred, especially in dark skin, for obtaining better cosmetic result with fewer side effects of multiple laser sessions and decreasing cost rate of laser.



Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- in swine in the United States Midwest: an emerging multidrug resistant clone

Abstract
Background
Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-, a worldwide emerging pathogen that causes many foodborne outbreaks mostly attributed to pig and pig products, is expanding in the U.S.
Methods
Whole genome sequencing was applied to conduct multiple comparisons of 659 S. 4,[5],12:i:- and 325 S. Typhimurium from different sources and locations (i.e. U.S. and Europe) to assess their genetic heterogeneity, with a focus on strains recovered from swine in the U.S. Midwest. In addition, presence of resistance genes and other virulence factors was detected and the antimicrobial resistance phenotype of 50 and 22 isolates of livestock and human origin, respectively, was determined.
Results
The S. 4,5,12:i:- strains formed two main clades regardless of their source and geographical origin. Most (84%) of the U.S. isolates recovered in 2014–2016, including those (50/51) recovered from swine in the U.S. Midwest, were part of an emerging clade. In this clade, multiple genotypic resistance determinants were predominant, including resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines (ASSuT). Phenotypic resistance to enrofloxacin (11/50) and ceftiofur (9/50) was found in conjunction with the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance genes (qnrB19/qnrB2/qnrS1 and blaCMY-2/blaSHV-12, respectively). Also, higher similarity was found between S. 4,[5],12:i:- from the emerging clade and S. Typhimurium from Europe than with S. Typhimurium from the U.S.
Conclusions
Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- currently circulating in swine in the U.S. Midwest are likely part of an emerging multidrug resistant clade first reported in Europe, and can carry plasmid-mediated resistance genes that may be transmitted horizontally to other bacteria and thus could represent a public-health concern.

Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in British Columbia, Canada – A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract
Background
Understanding regional molecular epidemiology allows for the development of more efficient tuberculosis (TB) prevention strategies in low-incidence settings.
Methods
We analyzed 24-locus Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping for 2,290 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) clinical isolates collected in the province of British Columbia, Canada (2005–2014). Laboratory data for each isolate was linked to case-level clinical and demographic data. These data were used to describe the molecular epidemiology of TB across the province.
Results
We detected >1,500 distinct genotypes across the four major Mtb lineages, reflecting BC's diverse population. Disease site and clustering rates varied across lineages, and MIRU-VNTR grouped the 2,290 isolates into 189 clusters (2–70 isolates/cluster) with an overall clustering rate of 42.4% and an estimated local transmission rate of 34.1%. Risk factors for clustering varied between the Canadian- and foreign-born. Canadian-born individuals had increased odds (OR 7.8, 95%CI:6.2–9.6) of belonging to a genotypic cluster, although nearly one-quarter of clusters included both Canadian- and foreign-born individuals. Large clusters (≥10 cases) occurred more frequently within the Mtb Euro-American lineage, and individual-level risk factors associated with belonging to a large cluster included being Canadian-born (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.3, 95%CI:2.3–4.8), residing in a rural area (aOR 2.3, 95%CI:1.2–4.5), and drug use (aOR 2.0, 95%CI: 1.2–3.4).
Conclusions
While tuberculosis in BC largely arises through reactivation of latent TB in foreign-born persons, locally transmitted infections occur in discrete populations with distinct disease and risk factor profiles, representing groups for targeted interventions.

The Relationship between Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We investigated whether latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) associates with AMI.
Methods
We conducted a case-control study in two large national public hospital networks in Lima, Peru between July 2015 and March 2017. Cases were patients with a first time diagnosis of type 1 (spontaneous) AMI. Controls were patients without a history of AMI. We excluded patients with known HIV, TB disease, or prior LTBI treatment. We used the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube assay to identify LTBI. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) of LTBI in AMI cases vs. non-AMI controls using logistic regression modeling.
Results
We enrolled 105 AMI cases and 110 non-AMI controls during the study period. Overall, the median age was 62 years (IQR, 56 – 70), 69% were males, 64% had hypertension, 40% dyslipidemia, 39% diabetes mellitus, 30% used tobacco, and 24% were obese. AMI cases were more likely to be males (80% vs. 59%; P<0.01) and tobacco users (41% vs. 20%; P<0.01) compared to non-AMI controls. LTBI was more frequent in AMI cases vs. non-AMI controls (64% vs. 49%; P=0.03; OR, 1.86, 95% CI, 1.08 – 3.22). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, obesity and family history of coronary artery disease, LTBI remained independently associated with AMI (adjusted OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.05 – 3.45).
Conclusions
LTBI was independently associated with AMI. Our results suggest a potentially important role of LTBI in cardiovascular disease.

Dengvaxia efficacy dependency on serostatus: a closer look at more recent data



Serotype-specific correlates of protection for pneumococcal carriage: an analysis of immunity in 19 countries

Abstract
Background
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) provide direct protection against disease in those vaccinated, and interrupt transmission through the prevention of nasopharyngeal carriage.
Methods
We analysed immunogenicity data from 5224 infants who received PCV in prime-boost schedules. We defined any increase in antibody between the one-month post-priming visit and the booster dose as an indication of nasopharyngeal carriage ('seroincidence').We calculated antibody concentrations using receiver-operator characteristic curves, and used generalised additive models to compute their protective efficacy against seroincidence.To support seroincidence as a marker of carriage, we compared seroincidence in a randomised immunogenicity trial in Nepal with the serotype-specific prevalence of carriage in the same community.
Findings
In Nepalese infants, seroincidence of carriage closely correlated with serotype-specific carriage prevalence in the community.In the larger data set, antibody concentrations associated with seroincidence were lowest for serotypes 6B and 23F (0.50 µg/mL and 0.63 µg/mL respectively), and highest for serotypes 19F and 14 (2.54 µg/mL and 2.48 µg/mL respectively). The protective efficacy of antibody at these levels was 62% and 74% for serotypes 6B and 23F, and 87% and 84% for serotypes 19F and 14.Protective correlates were on average 2.15 times higher in low/lower middle income countries than in high/upper middle income countries (GMR 2.15, 95%CI 1.46–3.17, p=0.0024).
Interpretation
Antibody concentrations associated with protection vary between serotypes. Higher antibody concentrations are required for protection in low-income countries. These findings are important for global vaccination policy, to interrupt transmission by protecting against carriage.

Reply to Aguiar and Stollenwerk



Immune responses to twice-annual influenza vaccination in older adults in Hong Kong

Abstract
Background
Many health authorities recommend influenza vaccination of older adults to reduce disease burden. We hypothesized that in tropical and subtropical areas with more prolonged influenza seasons, twice-annual influenza vaccination might provide older adults with improved immunity against influenza.
Methods
In 2014/15, Hong Kong experienced a substantial A(H3N2) winter epidemic with a mismatched vaccine. Local authorities procured and administered to older adults the 2015 southern hemisphere influenza vaccine which included an updated and matching A/Switzerland/9715293/2013(H3N2) strain. We compared immune parameters in pre- and post-vaccination sera from older adults ≥75 years of age who received one versus two influenza vaccines per year.
Results
We enrolled 978 older adults with 470 vaccinations for summer 2015 and 827 vaccinations for winter 2015/16. Recipients of southern hemisphere vaccination had higher geometric mean titers (GMTs) by the hemagglutination inhibition assay against all three vaccine strains. When receiving influenza vaccination for the subsequent winter, the southern hemisphere vaccine recipients had higher pre-vaccination GMTs but lower post-vaccination GMTs, compared to those who had not received the southern hemisphere vaccine. Furthermore, cellular immunity was impacted by bi-annual vaccination, with reduced influenza-specific CD4 T cell responses in the second season of vaccination.
Conclusions
We observed some reductions in immune responses in the twice-annual vaccination group compared to once-annual vaccination group, in the context of unchanging vaccine strains, while protection was likely to have been improved during the summer and autumn for the twice-annual vaccination group due to the continued circulation of the A/Switzerland/9715293/2013(H3N2) virus.

Is placental malaria a long term risk factor for mild malaria attack in infancy? Revisiting a paradigm

Abstract
Background
Children born to mothers with placental malaria (PM) have been described as more susceptible to the occurrence of a first malaria infection. However, whether or not these children remain more at risk during infancy has never been explored. We aimed to determine if children born to mothers with PM are more susceptible to malaria and remain at higher risk between birth and 18 months.
Methods
550 children were weekly followed-up with control of temperature and, if >37.5°, both a Rapid Diagnosis Test for malaria and a thick blood smear were performed. Taking into account environmental risk of infection, the relationship between occurrences of malaria attacks from birth to 18 months was modeled using Cox models for recurrent events.
Results
PM is not associated with an overall susceptibility to malaria but only with the delay of occurrence of the first malaria attack. Children born from mothers with PM tend to have an increased risk for the first malaria attack (HR=1.33; p=0.048) but not for subsequent ones (HR=0.9; p=0.46). Children that experienced one malaria attack were strongly at risk to develop subsequent infections independently of placental infection and of environmental exposure.
Conclusion
These results are consistent with the existence of an individual susceptibility to malaria that is not related to placental malaria. From a public health point of view, protecting children born to infected placenta remains a priority, but it seems insufficient to account for other frail children for whom a biomarker of frailty needs to be found.

Children with or without radiologically-confirmed pneumonia: does etiology play any role?



Correlation Between Incisional Biopsy Histological Subtype and a Mohs Surgery Specimen for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Publication date: Available online 22 October 2017
Source:Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
Author(s): E.C. Cortés-Peralta, J. Ocampo-Candiani, O.T. Vázquez-Martínez, I.M. Gutiérrez-Villarreal, I. Miranda-Maldonado, V. Garza-Rodríguez
BackgroundHistological diagnosis of a clinically suspected nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is recommended before treatment. For NMSC, concordance between the histological subtype of the preoperative biopsy and the excision specimen of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been reported to range from 10% to 81%. No large study on the concordance between NMSC histology seen in a preoperative biopsy with the following tumour specimen from Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has been performed in a Latin American population.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse and compare the histological subtype of the incisional biopsies reviewed by the dermatopathologist with the histological subtype of the tumour specimen obtained during MMS interpreted by the dermatopathologist and the Mohs surgeon.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 320 NMSC was performed. The interobserver correlation was based on kappa values.ResultsThe mean weighted kappa value between the preoperative NMSC biopsy and intraoperative histological subtype of the tumour specimen from MMS analysed by the Mohs surgeon and the dermatopathologist was 0.22 and 0.24, respectively. The correlation in the histologic subtype of the intraoperative tumour specimen from MMS that was interpreted by the dermatopathologist and Mohs surgeon was 0.58.ConclusionsDermatologists need to be aware of the limited value of incisional biopsies to accurately diagnose the histological subtype of a NMSC. The concordance rate in the histological diagnosis of the tumour specimens that were obtained from MMS between the Mohs surgeon and the dermatopathologist is moderate. However, the correlation is low compared with incisional biopsy subtypes.



Σάββατο 21 Οκτωβρίου 2017

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The Editor's Choice



Biofilm-based photobioreactors: Their design and improving productivity through efficient supply of dissolved inorganic carbon

Abstract
The potential of biofilm-based photobioreactors (PBRs) for various applications has long been recognized and various types of biofilm-based PBRs have been developed for different applications. Compared to suspension-based PBR reactors, biofilm-based systems offer several advantages, including a significantly higher biomass concentration. However, due to the immobilization of the cells, in contrast to suspension-based systems, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has to be transferred into the biofilm for consumption. Thus, to ensure efficient operation of these systems under a given lighting scheme (e.g. depending on geographical location), availability of DIC should be optimized. To achieve this, the dynamics of DIC inside the various biofilm-based PBRs, as well as the operational principles of these PBRs, need to be understood. The mini-review summarizes the designs of existing biofilm-based PBRs and reviews previous studies on DIC dynamics in various biofilms. Strategies to enhance DIC availability for the immobilized cells in biofilm-based PBRs are also discussed.

Inflammatory skin disorders and self-esteem

"I think you have ringworm. We can't accept a donation from you." The entire room went silent as everyone stared at Jennifer, age 34, who has suffered from severe plaque psoriasis since the age of 15 years and is now a patient advocate for the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF). Jennifer was inspired to donate blood after her uncle received a lifesaving transfusion and hoped to help others like him, but she will likely never try again after this traumatizing experience. This was not the first time strangers had treated her as if she had a contagious skin infection.

Physiologic changes of pregnancy: A review of the literature

Throughout pregnancy, the body undergoes a variety of physiologic changes. The cutaneous findings can be most noticeable and often worrisome to both physicians and patients. Obstetricians and dermatologists must be able to differentiate between changes that are benign and those that may be pathologic. Most physicians recognize benign changes that are commonly described in literature such as hyperpigmentation, melasma, striae gravidarum, and telogen effluvium; however, they may be unaware of changes that tend to be less frequently discussed.

Radiation-induced circumscribed superficial morphea after brachytherapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma

Radiation-induced morphea (RIM) is a rare and underrecognized complication of radiation therapy that most commonly occurs in women after treatment for breast cancer. Although not fully understood, RIM is hypothesized to arise from an increase in cytokines that stimulate collagen production and extracellular matrix formation. Most documented cases of RIM occur 1 year after radiation therapy and are localized to areas that were treated for breast cancer. We report on a case of a female patient with stage IB endometrial adenocarcinoma who was treated with 24 Gray of adjuvant brachytherapy.

Aquagenic pruritus in polycythemia vera: a cross-sectional study