Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Rhinocladiella mackenziei in Persian Gulf region: A Case and Review

Summary

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is frequently a fatal disease caused by truly neurotropic dematiaceous fungi. Although rare, this infection occurs especially among immunocompetent patients, and the clinical symptoms are often misdiagnosed as a cerebral tumor or bacterial brain abscess. The appropriate diagnosis and therapy of cerebral infections by melanized fungi are very challenging if they are caused by mysterious fungi with unknown ecological niche, natural habitat a host factors related to pathogenicity. We reported the second case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to R. mackenziei in Iran and the first culture-confirmed case. In this report, the differential diagnosis and histopathological findings are discussed and a review of the literature is provided.

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